空气负离子浓度分布的影响因素研究综述

近年来随着生态旅游的日益兴起,空气负离子作为一种生态保健旅游资源越来越受到人们的关注。研究空气负离子浓度分布规律可以指导人们在合适的地点、合适的时间充分利用自然状态下产生的空气负离子调养身心。通过查阅国内近十多年有关空气负离子的文献资料,对空气负离子浓度分布规律及其影响因素的有关研究进展进行了综述。现有的研究表明,空气负离子浓度变化及其分布主要受到气象、时空、植物和水体等因素的影响。今后,应加强空气负离子的产生机制及其生态学效应等方面的研究,以便更好地为空气负离子资源的合理开发和生态环境保护提供理论依据。     

济南市南部山区不同模式庭院林空气负离子浓度

以济南市南部山区5种典型庭院林和1个无林庭院为对象,2010年3-12月对其空气负离子和相关气象因子进行同步观测.结果表明： 不同模式庭院林空气负离子浓度呈明显的季节变化,夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;其中,日变化呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在10:00-11:00和16:00-17:00,12:00前后出现低谷.日空气质量均在10:00和16:00最清洁,下午的空气质量优于上午;夏季空气质量最佳;园林小品型四季空气质量等级最高.不同模式庭院林年均空气负离子浓度和离子评议系数（CI）大小排序为：园林小品型>经济林果型>自然绿化型>花卉盆景型>“农家乐”型>对照.负离子浓度分别为813、745、695、688、649和570 个·cm^-3;CI为1.22、1.11、0.85、0.84、0.83和0.69.园林小品型庭院林为最理想的庭院林模式.空气负离子浓度与空气温度和相对湿度呈显著正相关,与光照强度没有相关性.     

城市绿地空气负离子评价方法——以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例

城市绿地空气负离子能够对居民健康起到重要作用。城市绿地区域不同于自然森林环境或城市工业区,故直观、科学、准确的空气负离子浓度分级和评价方法对于研究城市绿地的空气负离子水平至关重要。以北京奥林匹克森林为例,应用空气质量指数评价法和森林空气离子指数评价法,分析了公园空气负离子浓度,结果表明,公园内不同环境样点的负离子浓度和空气清洁度因群落结构、群落类型以及植被郁闭度的不同而存在较大差异。通过对比分析2种评价结果,认为森林空气离子评价指数法能够全面系统地反映不同地点间的负离子浓度差异并便于公众理解,更适用于以北京奥林匹克森林公园为代表的城市绿地的负离子浓度分级及空气清洁度评价。分析结果还表明,与森林空气离子评价指数法相对应的负离子浓度分级标准存在一些不足,本文对此标准进行了局部修正,使其更加适宜于分析和评估城市绿地的负离子浓度水平。     

城市植被对空气负离子的影响

通过对厦门城市不同功能区空气负离子浓度的监测,分析空气负离子浓度与植被的关系及其日变化规律与气温和空气相对湿度之间的关系。结果表明:(1)城市功能区空气质量优劣顺序为:植物园、公园> 住宅小区> 商业街区> 海滩码头> 工业区> 广场,空气质量与植被丰富度有较强的正相关;(2)空气负离子浓度在日变化中呈现白天低、夜间高的特点,凌晨最高,中午最低,傍晚出现小波峰;(3)空气负离子浓度随气温的升高而降低,随空气湿度的升高而升高。     

城市不同绿地结构对空气负离子水平的影响

选择佳木斯市具有代表性的绿地作为对象,对不同结构绿地的空气负离子水平进行了测定。结果表明：不同结构绿地的空气负离子水平差异极显著,以乔灌草复层结构绿地空气负离子水平最高,空气质量最佳;城市不同结构绿地空气负离子浓度大小、空气质量优劣的排序均为乔灌草结构>乔草结构>灌草结构>草坪。     

生态旅游区的景观生态问题及其调控

目前,在生态旅游开发过程中存在着许多生态破坏现象,严重影响生态旅游的可持续发展,是生态旅游区建设中亟待重视的问题。本文总结了当前我国生态旅游区在发展生态旅游过程中存在的生态破坏问题,并运用景观生态学、旅游生态学的原理和方法提出了解决生态旅游区生态问题的景观生态调控对策和措施,包括进行旅游景观生态规划、设计合理的旅游生态管理容量、对旅游景观结构进行生态化设计、构建景观生态安全格局、加强旅游生态教育和旅游环境监测等方面。     

干旱半干旱城市公园绿地PM2.5与空气负离子浓度动态特征

于2020—2021年不同季节在晴天、晴间多云为主的天气条件下，选择呼和浩特市敕勒川公园5种不同植被配置结构及公园西侧入口处(硬质铺装，对照点CK)作为观测点，07:00—19:00同步观测PM_2.5、空气负离子浓度，并对公园内污染和空气负离子变化特征及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：秋季不同配置结构PM_2.5表现最高，夏季最低；春季日变化曲线呈下降趋势，夏季、冬季呈“双峰双谷”型，秋季呈“单峰单谷”型；公园内不同季节各配置结构PM_2.5浓度日变化均达到环境空气质量Ⅱ级标准以上。除春季外，各季节不同观测点空气负离子浓度均高于CK;春季、夏季空气负离子浓度日变化曲线大致呈“中午低，早晚高”的变化趋势，秋季、冬季空气负离子日变化表现为波动变化态势。公园内不同季节空气离子评价系数(CI)均值为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季，均值评价等级均在中等(Ⅲ)和允许(Ⅳ)浓度范围内，不同季节复层配置结构CI值较高。空气负离子浓度与PM_2.5浓度的相关性在不同季节显著度有所不同；PM_2.5     

九龙山林缘地区空气负离子浓度变化特征及与气象因素关系

文章以九龙山林缘地区空气负离子浓度变化特征为研究对象, 通过观测 9 月和 10 月北京九龙山林缘地区空气负离子浓度, 研究空气负离子浓度日变化和林缘、林内海拔梯度变化。通过观测空气温度、湿度、风速、饱和水汽压、净辐射、光合有效辐射等指标的平均值、极大值和极小值, 采用通径分析方法定量化研究气象因素和空气负离子浓度的关系。结果表明：(1)九龙山林缘地区 10 月空气负离子浓度平均值比 9 月的空气负离子浓度高 80%; 9 月的空气负离子浓度日变化整体呈下降趋势, 10 月上旬日变化呈单峰曲线型上升趋势, 10 月中旬和下旬空气负离子浓度日变化为幂函数曲线型, 整体为下降趋势; (2)林缘地区空气负离子浓度比林内空气负离子浓度高 4%, 林缘地区空气负离子浓度随海拔变化成波浪形, 对应林内空气负离子浓度随着海拔梯度变化成显著单峰型, 变化趋势与林缘地区相反; (3)在所有气象因素指标中, 通过逐步回归分析提取空气湿度最低值, 饱和水汽压最低值和空气温度最低值进行通径分析, 其直接通径系数分别为 1.064, -0.817 和 0.468。因此空气湿度最低值是影响空气负离子浓度的最大直接因素。空气温度最低值通过空气湿度最低值和饱和水汽压的作用, 成为空气负离子浓度的最大间接影响因素。通过研究林缘地区空气负离子情况并与林内进行对比, 揭示了林缘地区在森林康养规划中的重要性。     

生态旅游资源定量评价指标体系与评价方法——以江苏海滨为例

生态旅游是新世纪最重要的旅游发展方向之一,生态旅游资源的评价有其特殊性.在综合考虑旅游资源条件、生态环境条件、旅游条件与发展潜力的基础上,尝试建立了新的生态旅游资源评价的指标体系.综合运用准主成份、主观经验判断法等方法,基于专家调查的结果,确定了指标体系各因子权重.并以江苏沿海湿地生态旅游资源为例,应用模糊综合评判法对江苏海滨湿地9个生态旅游区的生态旅游资源进行了评价,结果表明,所构建的指标体系具有较好的区分度、较强的普适性和可推广性.     

深圳宝安区发展生态旅游业的可行性研究

深圳宝安区旅游业发展相对落后。从世界旅游业发展趋势、当地拥有的旅游资源和深圳市发展旅游业的战略布局等方面综合考虑,宝安区旅游业应定位为建设生态旅游基地。通过对宝安区现有旅游资源进行整合,形成宝安大生态旅游新格局。建设以海上田园为中心的湿地生态旅游区;以光明农场为中心的农业生态旅游区;以羊台山、凤凰山为中心的自然生态旅游区,以沙井、福永、西乡等镇为中心的人文生态旅游区。各旅游景区既各具特色又相互联系、相互促进。积极引进国内外综合实力强、管理经验丰富的旅游企业经营宝安的旅游业(包括旅游交通、旅游酒店、旅行社等),组建多种经济并存的“宝安旅游集团”,按国际市场游戏规则统一运作管理全区的旅游业。配套“绿色酒店”、“绿色交通”等基础设施对宝安生态旅游业的发展至关重要。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.