HBsAg生化性状对乙型肝炎疫苗效力影响的研究

比较研究了重组酵母HBsAg P24亚基间二硫键结合及其还原条件下降解程度对乙型肝炎疫苗效力的影响。分别用HPLC及SDS－PAGE法检测重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗HBsAg的P24亚基在还原条件下降解和P24亚基间二硫键桥联程度,并检测乙型肝炎疫苗小鼠体内效力（ED50值）和体外相对效力（RP）,分析HBsAg的P24亚基间二硫键结合及其还原条件下降解程度对乙型肝炎疫苗效力的影响。结果表明HBsAgP24亚基还原条件下降解成分Sub-P24的相对含量在5．2％－31％间,P24亚基间二硫键桥联型HBsAg颗粒相对含量在41．9％－71．8％范围内与疫苗的实验室效力无关。所生产重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗HBsAg的P24亚基间二硫键结合及其还原条件下降解程度不影响乙型肝炎疫苗实验室效力。     

冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗的研制

研制冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗,提高疫苗的稳定性,便于保存及运输,保证疫苗的接种效果.采用CA-9冻干保护剂,按13.5的比例加入疫苗,制备冻干疫苗.冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗具有与液体疫苗相同的安全性及免疫原性.在2～8℃保存的有效期较液体疫苗的3～5个月提高到18个月.在室温和37℃保存的稳定性也明显提高.冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗的稳定性良好,无需低温保存、冷链运输,便于甲肝疫苗的大规模推广应用.     

两个NIH小鼠种群对不同种类的乙肝疫苗免疫应答效应的比较

目的比较两种不同的NIH小鼠种群基因组DNA中H-2q单倍型的百分比,对重组基因乙型肝炎疫苗（酿酒酵母）、重组基因乙型肝炎疫苗（CHO）、重组基因乙型肝炎疫苗（汉逊酵母）和治疗性乙型肝炎疫苗（乙克）免疫应答的影响。方法检测乙肝疫苗免疫效力用酶标法,测定乙肝疫苗的ED50值,再通过微量细胞毒法和PCR方法检测小鼠的H-2单倍型,计算不同品系小鼠H-2q的百分数,得出乙肝疫苗与不同动物种群的相关性。结果经验证,经1号NIH小鼠检测结果证实,重组基因乙型肝炎免疫效力依次为CHO〉汉逊〉酿酒,疗性乙型肝炎疫苗（乙克）效力检测合格,但经2号NIH小鼠检测结果显示除CHO疫苗合格外,其他三种疫苗检测结果均为不合格。基因检测结果为,1号种群NIH鼠含有H-2q型基因的百分比是96%,而2号种群NIH小鼠含有H-2q型基因基因百分比为30%,因此不同的q型基因百分比导致了不同的检测结果。结论根据本研究结果表明虽然NIH鼠的H-2单倍型中有q型基因,但不同来源的小鼠种群之间会存在差异,经不同的环境饲养后,小鼠的基因会发生不同的变化,因此在进行生物制品检定时,要注意不同品系小鼠及同一品系小鼠不同种群之间的差异对试验本身的影响。建立一种＂动物免疫＂的概念。     

CHO细胞重组乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫原性及保存稳定性的研究

将9批CHOC28细胞重组乙肝疫苗（简称CHO苗）与同期生产的48批血源性化学灭活疫苗（简称血源苗）,检定所CHO参比苗、血源参比苗、酵母重组苗和巴士德CHO苗按10μg／ml同等剂量进行免疫原性的比较。产生小民免疫后50％阳转的最小抗原至平均值分别是0.10μg、0．17μg、0．18μg、0．35μg、0.79μg和0．18μg,CHO苗与血源苗的免疫原性水平均较高,但前者优势明显,而酵母重组苗的EDO结果最差。武汉所CHO苗在4～8℃保存2年后ED50均值仍是0．14μg,有效抗原性基本不变,CHO参比苗2年后ED50为0．35μg,仍具有高效免疫活性;血源参比苗稳定性效果一年半的ED5O为1.20;稳定性最差的是该批酵母重组苗,在1年内ED50位降至稀释度4以下（大于2．5μg）。上述结果表明CHO细胞重组苗在长期保存稳定性方面质量可靠,同类苗中武汉所疫苗占一定的优势。     

水痘疫苗新型疫苗冻干保护剂的研究

目的:开发出新型号水痘疫苗保护剂替代现行含明胶、人血白蛋白疫苗保护剂,提高病毒保护效果及疫苗受种人群使用安全性。方法:(1)选取右旋糖酐、乳糖、甘露醇等辅料按不同配方进行制备疫苗保护剂。(2)使用不同配方制备的疫苗保护剂,应用细胞工厂水痘疫苗制备工艺进行生产水痘疫苗。(3)使用不同配方制备的疫苗保护剂生产的水痘疫苗与现行疫苗保护剂生产的水痘疫苗进行对比。结果:对比试验结果显示,使用右旋糖酐、乳糖、甘露醇等制备的疫苗保护剂,与现行疫苗保护剂比较无差异。结论:使用右旋糖酐、乳糖、甘露醇等制备的疫苗保护剂比较现行使用的疫苗保护剂,由于不含明胶及人血白蛋白,因此使该疫苗冻干保护剂的安全性、可靠性有所提高,并且疫苗冻干保护剂的成本将有所下降。     

水痘疫苗冻干保护剂的改进

明胶是水痘减毒活疫苗中常用的冻干赋形剂组分,是源于动物组织的大分子蛋白质。由于明胶可能引起疫苗接种后的不良反应,且与某些民族的宗教信仰相冲突,近年来WHO建议减少和避免明胶在病毒疫苗中的使用[1]。我国目前在疫苗冻干保护剂方面的研究与国外还有相当大的差距,明胶作为病毒性疫苗的冻干保护剂组分仍然广泛使用,但目前国内还没有相应的药用辅料标准,因此必须尽快建立相应的质量标准;同时还应对疫苗中明胶含量、分布情况、以及对病毒的稳定性研究和替代物等方面进行全面的研究,以便将来在疫苗生产中取消明胶的添加。本文主要对常规使用的冻干保护剂1和不含明胶的冻干保护剂2进行对比,以便筛选出更适合的水痘疫苗保护剂。     

肠道病毒EV71疫苗效力国家参考品的协作标定

目的建立肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)疫苗效力参考品,用于EV71疫苗效力的小鼠ED50检测质量控制。方法选取经Ⅲ期临床试验验证具有良好保护效果的一批EV71疫苗作为候选参考品,采用EV71小鼠ED50检测方法,对候选参考品进行效力的协作标定及适用性研究。结果候选参考品在各实验室的ED50均值分别为9.5~51.0 U,CV为3.8%~18.7%;5个实验室总均值为23.5 U,CV为60.9%。各实验室检测结果均符合正态分布;3个EV71灭活疫苗与参考品均表现出了良好的剂量效应关系,中和抗体阳转率均随疫苗稀释度的增加而降低,下降曲线形态相近。当以候选参考品为标准,3个灭活疫苗的体内效价比均值分别为2.7倍、0.8倍和0.9倍;CV分别为5.5%、27.5%和11.2%。结论建立的EV71疫苗效力国家参考品(320 U/0.5 m L),可用于EV71疫苗效力的小鼠ED_(50)检测质量控制。     

基于多种微生物的毒性检测MTOXPlate冻干板制备及优化

[目的]制备基于多种微生物的生物毒性检测MTOXPlate冻干板,从而简化操作程序,使其能更灵敏、方便、快速地进行生物毒性测试.[方法]采用真空冷冻干燥法将指示微生物固定在微孔板中.以存活率为指标,利用荧光分光光度法确定冻干保护剂的组成.通过分析毒性响应灵敏度对检测条件进行优化.[结果]MTOXPlate的冻干保护剂组成为8％海藻糖、2％葡萄糖、2％甘露醇、1％谷氨酸钠.在此组成下,11株菌株的平均存活率最高,可达89.41％.复活介质与测试样品同时加入,在缩短了测试时间的同时也提高了检测灵敏度.该冻干板具有良好的灵敏度和重现性,能较好地满足污染物生物毒性测试的需要.[结论]MTOXPlate冻干板可作为一种新型的生物毒性测试技术,在生态毒理检测领域推广应用.     

冻干保护剂对假单胞菌菌粉存活率的影响

保护剂的添加对提高假单胞菌冷冻干燥菌粉的存活率和贮藏稳定性有显著效果。设计实验对冻干保护剂进行筛选和优化研究,通过单因素实验和正交实验筛选出了最佳保护剂组合:脱脂乳粉10%,山梨醇3%,甘油1%,L-抗坏血酸钠2%,假单胞菌冻干后的存活率可达90%,菌粉25℃存放6个月,存活率为50.2%。     

冻干微生物与保护剂

冻干微生物与保护剂大连医科大学科达药业有限公司微生态研究所大连１１６０２４温朗聪袁杰利卢行安康白微生物在冷冻干燥时必须加入适当的保护剂才能获得好的存活性［１］。本文就冻干保护剂对微生物在冷冻、冻干、贮存及复水４个阶段的作用加以概述。１微生物的冷冻在没...     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.