nm23-H1基因转染L9981肺癌细胞前后基因表达谱的变化

应用基因芯片检测L9981细胞转染nm23-H1基因前后细胞基因表达谱的改变.提取L9981细胞转染nm23-H1基因前后细胞的总RNA,纯化为mRNA后再转录为cDNA.cDNA经限制性内切酶Sau3AI消化后,cDNA片段分别用cy3和cy5标记,与定制的包含14000个基因芯片杂交.杂交结果经扫描和软件分析,nm23-H1基因转染L9981细胞后发现1156(8.26%,1156/14000)个基因表达上调,而642(4.59%,642/14000)个基因表达下调.涉及基因包括信号传导、癌基因与抑癌基因、转移相关基因、细胞周期与凋亡、细胞外基质与细胞骨架相关基因,以及细胞因子和转录因子等.nm23-H1基因是通过对转移相关基因的调节来发挥其抑制肺癌细胞株L9981侵袭和转移作用的.     

采用蛋白质组学技术筛选鼻咽癌细胞的甲基化沉默基因

为筛选鼻咽癌的甲基化沉默基因,采用二维凝胶电泳(2-DE)技术分离甲基转移酶抑制剂5-杂氮-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2-dC)处理与未处理鼻咽癌细胞5-8F的蛋白质,PDquest图像分析软件识别差异蛋白质点,基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)鉴定差异蛋白质.然后采用Western blotting和RT-PCR检测差异蛋白质nm23-H1在药物处理与未处理5.8F细胞中的表达水平,采用甲基化特异性PCR(MS-PCR)检测nm23-H1基因在药物处理与未处理5-8F细胞中的甲基化水平.建立了5-aza-2-dC处理与未处理5.8F细胞蛋白质的2-DE图谱,识别了49个差异表达的蛋白质点,鉴定了33个差异表达的蛋白质,其中包括rim23.H1在内的15个蛋白质在5-aza-2-dC处理后的5-8F细胞中表达上调,而18个蛋白质表达下调.Western blotting和RT-PCR结果显示,nm23-H1在5-aza-2-dC处理5-8F细胞后表达上调,MS-PCR结果显示,在5-aza-2-dC处理5-8F细胞后nm23-H1基因甲基化水平下降,结果证实,nm23-H1基因是5-8F细胞中的甲基化沉默基因.15个5-aza.2-dC处理后表达上调的基因可能是5-8F细胞中的甲基化沉默基因,为筛选鼻咽癌甲基化失活基因提供了科学依据.     

nm23-H1基因缺失人肺癌细胞株的筛选与鉴定

nm23一Hj基因与肺癌的侵袭与转移密切相关,但是其作用的分子机制尚不清楚,为研究nm23—141基因的功能,筛选并鉴定了nm23一H,基因缺失人肺癌细胞株及其生物学特性．应用SoutheITIblot．RT—PCR和West—elTl blot检测9株人肺癌细胞株中nm23—14,基因的存在状态及其生物学行为．结果发现发现人大肺癌细胞株L9981中存在nm23—141等位基因的杂合性缺失,与其同源的NL9980及其它7株肺癌细胞株中nm23—111基因均以杂合子的形式存在;并且L998l细胞株的增殖能力、克隆形成能力、体外侵袭力．裸鼠体内成瘤性及移植瘤肺转移的能力均显著高于NL9980．研究结果显示nm23一H,基因的缺失可能与L998l细胞株恶性表型和高转移潜能密切相关．     

siRNA分析nm23-H1基因与人慢性髓性白血病的关系

设计并筛选靶向nm23-H1基因的siRNAs序列,探讨nm23-H1基因与人慢性髓性白血病之间的关系。依据siRNA设计原则,设计3条siRNA序列。将不同靶点的siRNA用lipofectamine2000转染人慢性髓性白血病细胞株K562。转染后24h RTPCR检测nm23-H1mRNA水平变化;转染后48h免疫细胞化学法检测nm23-H1蛋白表达。MTT法检测转染后24h、48h和72h有效siRNA对K562细胞生长的影响。3条siRNA中,siNM526能有效地抑制K562细胞nm23-H1基因表达,转染siNM526的K56细胞生长受到抑制。说明下调nm23-H1基因的表达有抑制K562细胞增殖的作用,即降低了K562细胞的恶性程度。nm23-H基因有可能成为白血病治疗潜在的分子靶点。     

RNA干扰抑制nm23-M1基因表达对骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞增殖的影响

建立RNA干扰 (RNA interference, RNAi)抑制nm23-M1基因表达的骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞株, 初步探讨nm23-M1基因对小鼠骨髓瘤细胞增殖的影响.针对 nm23-M1 mRNA序列设计3个小干扰RNA (small interfering RNA, siRNA)序列, 分别构建表达这3个序列及阴性对照序列的pGenesil-1重组质粒, 再转染小鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞并经G418抗性筛选稳定表达细胞株.采用半定量RT-PCR及Western 印迹检测3个重组质粒对nm23-M1 mRNA及蛋白质表达的抑制效果, 然后用MTT法观察抑制nm23-M1表达对SP2/0细胞增殖的影响.结果显示, 设计的3条siRNA不同程度地特异抑制骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞nm23-M1 mRNA及蛋白质的表达, 其中siRNA-2抑制作用最强, 其对nm23-M1 mRNA和蛋白质的抑制率分别为74.4%和62.1%; 且siRNA-2抑制nm23-M1基因表达后SP2/0 细胞增殖受到明显抑制 (P < 0.05).本研究成功构建了pGenesil-1-nm23-M1 siRNA重组质粒, 筛选出稳定抑制nm23-M1基因表达的SP2/0细胞株, 提示抑制nm23-M1基因表达有抑制骨髓瘤细胞增殖的作用; 为进一步研究nm23基因的生物学功能及临床应用打下了基础.     

组织微阵列技术研究肿瘤转移相关基因在鼻咽癌中的表达与临床意义

利用高通量组织微阵列结合免疫组化检测MT1-MMP、MT2-MMP、Ezrin、nm23-H1、E-cad和TIMP-2在鼻咽癌组织中的蛋白质表达,探讨肿瘤转移相关基因异常表达在鼻咽癌侵袭转移中的作用,筛选鼻咽癌转移相关分子标志物.结果发现,鼻咽癌组织存在MT1-MMP、Ezrin蛋白高表达(P<0.01)和nm23-H1、TIMP-2蛋白低表达(P<0.05).临床Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期鼻咽癌和淋巴结转移鼻咽癌中MT1-MMP、MT2-MMP和Ezrin蛋白阳性表达显著高于临床Ⅰ期鼻咽癌和无转移癌(P<0.05,P<0.01),但临床Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期鼻咽癌和淋巴结转移鼻咽癌中nm23-H1蛋白的阳性表达显著低于临床Ⅰ期鼻咽癌和无转移癌(P<0.05).鼻咽癌组织中MT1-MMP与MT2-MMP r=0.308,P<0.001),nm23-H1与E-cad(r=0.167,P<0.05)及TIMP-2(r=0.279,P=0.001),E-cad与TIMP-2(r=0.279,P=0.001)的蛋白质表达旱显著正相关.MT1-MMP与E-cad(r=-0.188,P<0.05)及TIMP-2(r=-0.233,P<0.05),Ezrin与E-cad(r=-0.204,P<0.05)的蛋白质表达呈显著性负相关.聚类分析显示,鼻咽癌MT1-MMP、MT2-MMP和Ezrin蛋白共同阳性表达显著高于慢性炎性鼻咽上皮(P<0.05),但nm23-H1、E-cad和TIMP-2蛋白在鼻咽癌组织中的共同阴性显著高于癌旁上皮和慢性炎性鼻咽上皮(P<0.05,P<0.01).多因素分析和有效性评估发现,MT1-MMP蛋白能较好地独立预测鼻咽癌淋巴结转移和临床进展.上述研究结果提示,多个肿瘤转移基因的蛋白质高表达,转移抑制基因的低表达和这些基因的蛋白质表达失平衡在鼻咽癌淋巴结转移和临床进展过程中起重要作用.MTI-MMP蛋白可作为预测鼻咽癌淋巴结转移的较好分子标志.     

nm23-H1对全反式维甲酸诱导的人肝癌细胞凋亡及其相关信号转导通路的影响

为了解nm23-H1转染对全反式维甲酸诱导的人肝癌H7721细胞凋亡的影响,本研究通过质粒转染把nm23-H1导入人肝癌7721细胞,建立了nm23-H1过表达稳转细胞株。首先采用MTT法测定细胞生长曲线,再通过流式细胞术和丫啶橙染色法观察细胞凋亡,最后采用Western blot检测凋亡相关的信号通路分子bcl-2、PKB、PKB-Ser473、PKB-Thr308和p53的表达情况。研究发现,nm23-H1转染对人肝癌7721细胞的生长没有影响;但nm23-H1转染能明显促进全反式维甲酸诱导的细胞凋亡,nm23-H1转染细胞凋亡率为18.2%,而对照细胞凋亡率仅为1.0%;nm23-H1和对照细胞的过量表达对bcl-2的表达没有明显影响,但PKB的Ser473和Thr308位的磷酸化显著下调,抑癌基因p53的表达量上调。研究结果表明,nm23-H1的过量表达增加了人肝癌细胞对全反式维甲酸诱导的凋亡的敏感性,因此推测nm23-H1可作为肝癌治疗的有效靶点。     

采用定量蛋白质组学技术筛选小鼠肝癌淋巴道转移相关蛋白

淋巴道转移是上皮来源恶性肿瘤转移的早期阶段,其发生机制不清,一直是肿瘤学研究面临的难题,为寻找淋巴道转移相关蛋白,以一对来源于同一亲本细胞,且淋巴道转移潜能显著不同的小鼠肝癌腹水型细胞株为研究对象,其中Hca-F为高淋巴道转移力细胞株,Hca-P为低淋巴道转移力细胞株,采用定量蛋白质组学技术——荧光差异双向凝胶电泳,建立了高低淋巴道转移力小鼠肝癌细胞荧光差异蛋白表达图谱,高通量筛选与肿瘤淋巴道转移相关的蛋白质.经DeCyde软件分析,共得到163个有统计学差异的蛋白质点,选择2倍以上的差异性蛋白质点23个,经质谱鉴定得到17个蛋白质,在Hca-F中高表达的蛋白质有7个:转羟乙醛酶、波形蛋白、肌酸激酶(脑)、膜联蛋白7、膜联蛋白5、烯酰辅酶A水合酶1(过氧化物酶体)、核内异质核糖核蛋白A2/B1异构体1.而在Hca-F中低表达的蛋白质有10个:真核翻译延长因子2、Ero1样蛋白、乙醛脱氢酶2(线粒体)、苹果酸盐脱氢酶2(NAD)、β-内酰胺酶2、谷胱甘肽S转移酶"1、泛素C末端水解酶同工酶L3、内质网蛋白29(前体)、溶血磷脂酶1、微管不稳定蛋白.这些差异性蛋白质的功能涉及到代谢、蛋白质分泌、蛋白质结合、核苷酸结合,钙离子结合、凋亡和调节生长等过程.对这些蛋白质功能的进一步验证,将有助于解析肿瘤淋巴道转移的分子机制.     

幽门螺杆菌毒素蛋白CagA诱导的蛋白的差异表达分析及其基因在胃癌组织中的表达

为了研究胃癌细胞中幽门螺杆菌(Hp)毒素蛋白CagA诱导的蛋白差异表达及其基因在人胃癌组织中的表达,用Hp感染胃癌细胞系SGC 7901和AGS及用含CagA基因的表达载体稳定转染SGC 7901细胞, 构建3组实验模型.提取各组细胞的总蛋白进行双向凝胶电泳,筛选3组重叠的差异表达蛋白质斑点进行质谱鉴定.共获得135个差异表达的蛋白质,其中上调蛋白质73个,下调蛋白质62个. 鉴定出10个差异表达蛋白质, 其中有6个差异表达蛋白是首次发现,它们主要参与细胞的能量代谢和信号转导等.最后定量检测了这10个差异表达蛋白基因在人胃癌组织中的表达, 发现有4个基因高表达和1个基因低表达. 本结果将为研究幽门螺杆菌感染引起胃癌的分子机制提供新的线索.     

双向凝胶电泳比较三种常用蛋白质提取方法

组织(或细胞)的蛋白质提取效率直接影响蛋白质双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)的分辨率.为探索建立适用于人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7蛋白质提取的最佳条件,比较目前在双向凝胶电泳中常用的3种蛋白质提取方法对MCF-7细胞总蛋白的提取效率.MCF-7细胞经培养后,分别采用M-PER试剂、标准裂解液或含硫脲裂解液提取其总蛋白质,然后进行双向凝胶电泳,并根据凝胶上蛋白质斑点的丰度和分布特点判断所得双向电泳图谱的质量,以确定MCF-7细胞蛋白质提取的相对最佳方法.结果显示,M-PER试剂法得到的图谱分辨率较低,蛋白质主要集中分布在分子量15~70kD,pH4.7~6.3的范围内;标准裂解液法得到的图谱分辨率有所提高,蛋白质分布比M-PER试剂法得到的图谱广;硫脲裂解液法得到的图谱是三者中分辨率最高的,尤其是高丰度蛋白和高分子量蛋白分离效果比前两者好.结果表明,在3种常用的蛋白质提取方法中,硫脲裂解液对细胞蛋白质的溶解性最佳,相对更适合于提取MCF-7细胞的蛋白质,并与双向凝胶电泳条件更兼容.     

Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell strains, MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L, with different metastasis potentials

To better understand the mechanism underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and to search for potential markers for HCC prognosis, differential proteome analysis on two HCC cell strains with high and low metastatic potentials, MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L, was conducted using two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. Image analysis of silver-stained 2-D gels revealed that 56 protein spots showed significant differential expression in MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L cells (Student's t-test, P < 0.05) and 4 protein spots were only detected in MHCC97-H cells. Fourteen protein spots were further identified using in-gel tryptic digestion, peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry. The expressions of pyruvate kinase M2, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, laminin receptor 67 kDa, S100 calcium-binding protein A4, thioredoxin and cytokeratin 19 were elevated in MHCC97-H cells. However, manganese superoxide dismutase, calreticulin precursor, cathepsin D, lactate dehydrogenase B, non-metastatic cell protein 1, cofilin 1 and calumenin precursor were down-regulated in MHCC97-H cells. Intriguingly, most of these identified proteins have been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis. The functional implications of alterations in the levels of these proteins are discussed.     

Alteration in gene expression profile and biological behavior in human lung cancer cell line NL9980 by nm23-H1 gene silencing

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Tumor metastasis is an essential aspect of lung cancer progression. nm23-H1 is a metastasis suppressor gene. The molecular mechanism by which nm23-H1 suppresses the metastasis is still unclear. Here, we compared the gene expression profile of human large cell lung cancer cell line NL9980 by nm23-H1 gene silencing with that of negative control cells to comprehensively investigate nm23-H1-mediated changes in gene expression of NL9980 cells. Microarray assay revealed that expression of 733-known genes (1.9%, 733/38,500) were altered in response to nm23-H1 gene silencing, including 466 upregulated genes and 267 downregulated. real-time PCR assay of the expression changes indicated that 81.82% (45/55) of verified genes were consistent with that observed in microarray assay. The upregulated genes included MMP-1, -2, SNAI2, CXCL1, 2, 3, PAI-2, while the downregulated genes included cystatin B, TIMP-2, E-cadherin, centrin-2, all of which have been associated with tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we confirmed by Western blot that the expression of MMP-1 and -2 were significantly increased while that of cystatin B was dramatically decreased in NL9980-nm23-H1 silencing cells. The NL9980-nm23-H1 silencing cells exhibited significantly more S phase growth and invasive ability. Thus, silencing of nm23-H1 gene caused metastasis-related gene expression changes in lung cancer cells. The knockdown of nm23-H1 expression may change the lung cancer cells to a more invasive phenotype through alteration in the expression of a set of genes.     

Down-regulation of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V by tumorigenesis- or metastasis-suppressor gene and its relation to metastatic potential of human hepatocarcinoma cells

The effects of transfection of the metastasis suppressor gene nm23-H1 and cell-cycle related tumor-suppressor gene p16 on the activity of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) and their relations to cancer metastatic potential were investigated. After transfection of nm23-H1 into 7721 human hepatocarcinoma cells and A549 human lung cancer cells, the activities of GnT-V were decreased by 28%-42% in the cells. In contrast, when p16 was transfected into these two cell lines, the decrease of GnT-V activity was only observed in A549 cells. This was probably to be due to the obvious expression of p16 gene in parental 7721 cells and the deletion of p16 in A549 cells. The decrease of GnT-V mRNA was only observed in nm23-H1-transfected cells, but not in p16-transfected A549 cells, suggesting that these two genes regulated GnT-V via different mechanisms. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-lectin staining showed that the 7721 cells transfected with nm23-H1 or the A549 cells transfected with p16 displayed a decreased intensity with HRP-leucoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin and increased intensity with HRP-concanavalin A, indicating the decline of beta1,6 N-acetylglucosamine branching structure on the asparagine-linked glycans of cell-surface and intracellular glycoproteins. The nm23-H1 transfected 7721 cells also displayed some changes in metastasis-related phenotypes, including the increase in cell adhesion to fibronectin (Fn), the decline in cell adhesion to laminin (Ln), and the decreased cell migration and invasion through matrigel. Transfection of antisense GnT-V cDNA into 7721 cells resulted in a decrease of GnT-V activity, an increase of cell adhesion to Fn or Ln, and a decrease in cell migration and invasion through matrigel. These phenotypes bore similarity to those of the 7721 cells transfected with nm23-H1. Our findings indicate that the down-regulation of GnT-V by nm23-H1 contributes to the alterations in metastasis-related phenotypes, and is an important molecular mechanism of metastasis suppression mediated by nm23-H1.     

nm23-H1-GFP融合蛋白在人肺癌细胞株中的表达及其对肿瘤细胞体外侵袭能力的影响

研究 nm2 3- H1在肿瘤细胞中的定位及其对肿瘤细胞体外侵袭能力的影响 .用 RT- PCR方法检测人高和低转移肺巨细胞癌细胞株 95 D和 95 C中 nm2 3- H1的表达 ;利用分子克隆技术构建nm2 3- H1 -绿色荧光蛋白 ( GFP)融合基因表达质粒 ( p NM2 3- GFP) ,经脂质体转染将此质粒导入95 D和 95 C细胞中 ,筛选高荧光强度的克隆 ,用 Boyden小室模型检测其体外侵袭能力的变化 .结果显示 nm2 3- H1在 95 C细胞中的表达比 95 D高 .95 D细胞中表达的 nm2 3- H1 c DNA未发生突变 .表达的 nm2 3- H1 - GFP融合蛋白位于细胞的胞浆近胞膜处 .转染 p NM2 3- GFP质粒的 95 D和 95 C细胞体外侵袭能力明显比对照组低 .这些提示 nm2 3- H1高表达能明显降低肿瘤细胞体外侵袭能力 .     

Proteomic signatures for histological types of lung cancer

We performed proteomic studies on lung cancer cells to elucidate the mechanisms that determine histological phenotype. Thirty lung cancer cell lines with three different histological backgrounds (squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) were subjected to two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and grouped by multivariate analyses on the basis of their protein expression profiles. 2-D DIGE achieves more accurate quantification of protein expression by using highly sensitive fluorescence dyes to label the cysteine residues of proteins prior to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found that hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis divided the cell lines according to their original histology. Spot ranking analysis using a support vector machine algorithm and unsupervised classification methods identified 32 protein spots essential for the classification. The proteins corresponding to the spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Next, lung cancer cells isolated from tumor tissue by laser microdissection were classified on the basis of the expression pattern of these 32 protein spots. Based on the expression profile of the 32 spots, the isolated cancer cells were categorized into three histological groups: the squamous cell carcinoma group, the adenocarcinoma group, and a group of carcinomas with other histological types. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the utility of quantitative proteomic analysis for molecular diagnosis and classification of lung cancer cells.