B超诊断羊水过少328例临床分析

目的探讨晚期妊娠羊水过少对围产儿的影响,以提高产科医疗质量。方法比较分析晚期妊娠羊水过少328病例与同期羊水量正常的产科病例的妊娠期并发症、围产儿结局及分娩方式。结论羊水过少是阴道分娩过程中发生胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的危险因素,剖宫产术是晚期妊娠羊水过少比较安全的分娩方式。     

法安明联合维生素E对胎儿生长受限高危患者早期干预的临床研究

目的:探讨法安明联合维生素E对胎儿生长受限高危患者进行早期干预的临床疗效。方法:选择存在胎儿生长受限高危因素的孕妇共156例,研究组86例,每天皮下注射一次法安明5000U,同时给予天然维生素胶丸E0.1g,每天口服3次,可根据D-二聚体结果调整法安明用量直至降至正常,孕中期开始补钙。对照组70例,孕早期不干预,孕中期开始补钙。比较两组妊娠结局。结果:研究组分娩孕周、新生儿出生体重明显高于对照组,胎儿生长受限、羊水过少、妊娠期高血压疾病、新生儿窒息的发生率明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组宫内死胎、围产儿死亡的发生率无差异(P0.05)。结论:法安明联合维生素E对胎儿生长受限高危患者进行早期干预,可减少胎儿生长受限、羊水过少、妊娠期高血压疾病及新生儿窒息等的发生,改善妊娠结局及围生儿预后。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症256例临床分析

目的：探讨改善妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者围生结局及围生儿预后的方法。方法：对2006年3月．2011年3月在我院住院分娩的256例ICP患者及从我院住院无并发症正常分娩的10112个患者中随机抽取的256例患者的产检情况、分娩方式、围生儿结局进行回顾性分析。结果：ICP组与对照组在分娩方式、产后出血、早产、新生儿窒息、羊水粪染、圉产儿死亡等方面比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;产检组与未检组在产后出血、早产、新生儿窒息、羊水粪染、围产儿死亡等方面比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症可增加早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息、产后出血发生率,重视产前检查和孕期保健,对ICP患者做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,选择适当分娩方式、适时终止妊娠,对改善围生结局及围生儿预后有积极的意义。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎盘中HIF-1α、ET-1及VEGF的表达及与妊娠结局的关系研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎盘中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及与妊娠结局的关系。方法:选取2015年8月至2016年10月间济南市中心医院收治的妊娠期糖尿病患者80例。根据患者血糖控制效果分为血糖控制不良组(A组)40例和血糖控制良好组(B组)40例,另取同期于我院体检的健康孕妇40例为C组。应用免疫组化SP法检测各组胎盘中HIF-1α、ET-1及VEGF的表达情况,观察各组不良妊娠结局发生情况,并分析妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎盘中HIF-1α、ET-1及VEGF的表达与妊娠结局相关性。结果:A组孕妇胎盘中HIF-1α、ET-1及VEGF的阳性表达率均高于B组与C组,B组HIF-1α、VEGF的阳性表达率高于C组(P0.05)。A组羊水过多、巨大儿、产后出血的发生率均高于B组与C组,胎儿窘迫、妊娠高血压的发生率高于C组,B组胎儿窘迫、羊水过多、产后出血、妊娠高血压的发生率高于C组(P0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析可得,妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎盘中HIF-1α、ET-1及VEGF的表达与妊娠高血压、产后出血、巨大儿、羊水过多、胎儿窘迫等不良妊娠结局呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎盘中HIF-1α、ET-1及VEGF呈高表达,其表达会增加不良妊娠结局的发生率。     

剖宫产与围产儿死亡率的关系(附剖宫产167例临床分析)

我院1992年7月1日～1993年6月30日剖宫产167例,其中胎窘剖宫产39例、相对性头盆不称49例、臀位16例、妊娠肝内胆汁郁积症19例、羊水过少18例、内科合并症4例、妊高症5例、珍贵儿3例、前置胎盘1例、胎盘早剥2例、社会因素4例、过期妊娠7例,剖宫产率27.6％,围产儿死亡率2.1％。我院严格掌握剖宫产指征,避免分娩时过度干扰,排除不必要的     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症256例临床分析

目的:探讨改善妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者围生结局及围生儿预后的方法。方法:对2006年3月-2011年3月在我院住院分娩的256例ICP患者及从我院住院无并发症正常分娩的10112个患者中随机抽取的256例患者的产检情况、分娩方式、围生儿结局进行回顾性分析。结果:ICP组与对照组在分娩方式、产后出血、早产、新生儿窒息、羊水粪染、围产儿死亡等方面比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);产检组与未检组在产后出血、早产、新生儿窒息、羊水粪染、围产儿死亡等方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症可增加早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息、产后出血发生率,重视产前检查和孕期保健,对ICP患者做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,选择适当分娩方式、适时终止妊娠,对改善围生结局及围生儿预后有积极的意义。     

寒冷刺激对孕鼠子代生长发育的影响

目的：探讨寒冷刺激对孕鼠子代生长发育的影响。方法：将孕鼠分为正常妊娠组和冷激妊娠组,正常妊娠组25℃饲养,冷激妊娠组每日8：00—12：00置于（4±2）℃环境下寒冷刺激。18d后测量孕鼠血压,剖宫记录胎鼠、胎盘、羊水重量,测量初生仔鼠、内脏器官重及内脏器官与体重比值,绘制1—44d的生长曲线、每日增重率曲线,测量出生8周后子代的血压。结果：冷激妊娠组孕鼠血压高于正常妊娠组（P〈0．05）,胎鼠、胎盘、羊水重量显著低于正常妊娠组（P〈0．01）,冷激妊娠组仔鼠内脏器官重显著低于正常妊娠组（P〈0．05）,两组内脏器官与体重比值比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。1～44d的生长曲线表明直到性成熟冷激妊娠组子代的体重仍没有追上正常妊娠组,但两组每日增重率曲线基本吻合。冷激妊娠组子代的血压显著高于正常妊娠组（P〈0．05）。结论：寒冷刺激严重影响子代的生长和发育。     

静脉补液加饮水疗法治疗妊娠晚期羊水过少的临床疗效评价

目的观察静脉补液联合饮水疗法治疗妊娠晚期羊水过少的临床疗效。方法选择我院2015年4月~2016年4月收治的妊娠晚期羊水过少孕妇138例为观察组,给予静脉补液加饮水治疗,同期选择120例孕妇作为对照组仅行常规胎儿监护。监测两组羊水指数(AFI)变化情况,观察比较两组剖宫产率、胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息率等指标。结果两组干预前AFI比较无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,观察组AFI值升高明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的剖宫产率、胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息等不良妊娠结局发生率明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论静脉补液加饮水疗法是治疗妊娠晚期羊水过少的可行、有效措施之一,能有效增加羊水量,降低剖宫产率,对改善母婴结局具有积极意义。     

孕妇孕期营养指导及体质量控制对妊娠结局的影响

目的:对孕妇进行孕期营养指导及体质量控制,探究其对妊娠结局的影响。方法:将2011年2月-2014年2月期间我院收治的孕产妇150例纳入本次研究,所有研究对象随机均衡分为研究组和对照组,每组各75例。对照组孕产妇仅行常规妇科检查,研究组孕产妇在医护人员指导下行孕期营养指导和体质量控制,比较两组分娩方式,妊娠过程状况及围产儿情况。结果:研究组剖宫产率为17.33%低于对照组的57.33%,组间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组贫血、羊水过少、产后出血率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组胎龄及巨大儿及胎儿窘迫率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:孕产妇在孕期进行营养膳食指导,控制体质量在合理范围内,可以改善孕妇妊娠结局,降低妊娠过程中并发症发病率,提高围产儿状况,保证孕妇和婴儿健康。     

剖宫产新生儿窒息的抢救配合及护理

20世纪90年代以来．我国剖宫产率呈上升趋势，剖宫产新生儿窒息的发生率较高。由于其适应征多因胎儿宫内窘迫、过期妊娠、羊水过多或过少、子痫、前置胎盘、妊高症等而行剖宫产。新生儿窒息是新生儿死亡、伤残的主要原因之一。及时准确的处理新生儿窒息是降低新生儿死亡，减少远期并发症的关键。我院2006年1月至2008年12月对30例窒息患儿运用新式复苏方案进行抢救，均治愈出院。     

早产儿支气管肺发育不良的影响因素及血清MMP-16、NF-κB检测的临床意义

目的:探讨早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的影响因素及血清基质金属蛋白酶-16(MMP-16)、核因子κB(NF-κB)检测的临床意义。方法:前瞻性选取2014年8月~2019年2月期间我院收治的早产儿196例,将早产儿根据是否发生BPD分为无BPD组(n=109)和BPD组(n=87)。将BPD组根据校正胎龄36周或出院时是否需氧分为轻度BPD组(n=28)、中度BPD组(n=30)、重度BPD组(n=29)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清MMP-16、NF-κB水平,采用Pearson相关性分析MMP-16与NF-κB的关系,采用多因素Logistic回归分析早产儿BPD的影响因素。结果:随着BPD病情严重程度的增加,血清MMP-16、NF-κB水平呈不断升高趋势(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析可得,MMP-16与NF-κB呈正相关(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,早产儿BPD的发生与出生体质量、胎龄、有无羊水污染、孕母有无妊娠期高血压、有无早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征、使用或未使用肺表面活性物质、有无肺出血、闭合或未闭合动脉导管、有无机械通气、是否吸入氧浓度>40%有关(P<0.05),而与性别、胎膜早破史无关(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄为28~31周、动脉导管未闭合、使用肺表面活性物质、机械通气、羊水污染、出生体质量为1000~1500 g均是早产儿BPD发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:早产儿BPD体内血清MMP-16、NF-κB水平呈异常升高,可能参与着疾病的发生、发展,BPD与多种因素息息相关,可采取积极的预防措施以减少BPD的发生。     

Plasma Cytokine Levels Fall in Preterm Newborn Infants on Nasal CPAP with Early Respiratory Distress

Introduction

Early nCPAP seems to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury in humans, although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect have not been clarified yet.

Objective

To evaluate plasma levels IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α immediately before the start of nCPAP and 2 hours later in preterm infants.

Methods

Prospective cohort including preterm infants with 28 to 35 weeks gestational age with moderate respiratory distress requiring nCPAP. Extreme preemies, newborns with malformations, congenital infections, sepsis, surfactant treatment, and receiving ventilatory support in the delivery room were excluded. Blood samples were collected right before and 2 hours after the start of nCPAP.

Results

23 preterm infants (birth weight 1851±403 grams; GA 32.3±1.7 weeks) were treated with nCPAP. IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α levels were similar, IL-8 levels were reduced in 18/23 preterm infants and a significant decrease in IL-6 levels was observed after 2 hours of nCPAP. All newborns whose mothers received antenatal steroids had lower cytokine levels at the onset of nCPAP than those whose mothers didn’t receive it; this effect was not sustained after 2 hours of nCPAP.

Conclusion

Early use nCPAP is not associated with rising of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and it seems to be a less harmful respiratory strategy for preterm with moderate respiratory distress.     

不同胎龄早产儿早期凝血指标的变化及其临床意义

目的:研究不同胎龄早产儿早期凝血指标的变化及其临床意义。方法:选取2012年1月至2017年7月期间我院出生的新生儿392例为研究对象。根据新生儿胎龄的不同分为早期早产儿组(胎龄27~31周)78例、中期早产儿组(胎龄32~33周)102例、晚期早产儿组(胎龄34~36周)116例以及足月新生儿组(胎龄37~42周)96例。四组新生儿出生后2h内抽取静脉血检测凝血指标,包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB),并应用Pearson相关性分析分析新生儿胎龄与上述各项凝血指标水平的相关性。结果:早期早产儿组、中期早产儿组、晚期早产儿组、足月新生儿组的出生体重以及胎龄呈逐渐上升趋势,不同组别新生儿的出生体重以及胎龄差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。早期早产儿组、中期早产儿组、晚期早产儿组、足月新生儿组PT、APTT均呈逐渐下降趋势,FIB呈逐渐上升趋势,不同组别新生儿PT、APTT、FIB差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,新生儿胎龄与PT、APTT呈负相关(r=-0.567、-0.691,P=0.000、0.000),而新生儿胎龄与FIB水平呈正相关(r=0.623,P=0.000)。结论:不同胎龄早产儿早期凝血功能存在异常变化,新生儿胎龄与PT、APTT均呈负相关关系,与FIB呈正相关关系,临床应予以重视,及时检测其凝血指标,必要时应予以干预治疗。     

Amniotic fluid cell morphology in early antenatal prediction of abortion and low birth weight.

The morphology of rapidly adherent (RA) amniotic fluid cells was examined in 201 pregnant women referred for amniocentesis because of two sequential high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations. Out of 43 amniotic fluid samples containing increased amounts of AFP, 42 had neural or peritoneal cells predominating among the RA cells, the outcome being an infant with a neural-tube defect or exomphalos. In the other case with a raised amniotic fluid AFP concentration but only anterior placental cells the infant was normal. In 25 amniotic fluid samples containing normal amounts of AFP distinctive new patterns of RA cells were observed, termed fetal distress cells. These pregnancies resulted in five spontaneous abortions and 20 infants with birth weights under 2500 g. Fetal distress cells were not detected in any of the remaining 133 samples. One pregnancy was terminated because of a chromosomal abnormality, and there were seven twin pairs not recognised on ultrasonography before amniocentesis. The remaining 125 pregnancies went to term, resulting in infants with birth weights exceeding 2500 g. The results suggest that RA-cell morphology will prove to be of value in the early antenatal prediction of spontaneous abortion and low birth weight.     

子宫动脉栓塞术在穿透性凶险性前置胎盘中的临床应用研究

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术在穿透性凶险性前置胎盘中的临床应用效果。方法:选取2010年1月~2014年12月唐山市妇幼保健院收治的孕晩期穿透性凶险性前置胎盘患者36例,依据是否行子宫动脉栓塞术分为子宫动脉栓塞组20例和非子宫动脉栓塞组16例,比较两组患者的术中情况和临床结局。结果:子宫动脉栓塞组患者失血量、红细胞输血量、冷沉淀输血量均少于非子宫动脉栓塞组(P0.05)。两组患者血浆输血量和术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。子宫动脉栓塞组ICU入住率、子宫切除率、产后出血、DIC发生率均低于非子宫动脉栓塞组(P0.05)。两组患者的产褥感染率、失血性休克发生率、早产儿发生率以及新生儿轻度窒息率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:子宫动脉栓塞术可以减少术中出血及术后并发症的发生率,改善穿透性凶险性前置胎盘的临床结局。     

301例早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果及其高危因素分析

目的:调查早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生情况并分析其高危因素。方法:选取2017年6月至2018年6月在我院进行眼底检查的301例早产儿,依据《早产儿治疗用氧和视网膜病变防治指南》和《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南》对早产儿进行筛查和随诊,同时收集早产儿及其母亲的相应病历信息,采用多因素Logistic回归分析分析ROP的高危因素。结果:301例早产儿中,共检出ROP患儿43例,其中须接受治疗的患儿13例,所有患儿经过2-6个月的治疗和随诊后均好转。围产因素中,胎龄小、出生体重低、吸氧、输血、有急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的早产儿ROP检出率更高(均P0.05);母体因素中,多胎分娩的早产儿ROP检出率高于单胎分娩的早产儿(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄小、出生体重低、吸氧、输血和有ARDS为早产儿ROP的高危因素(P0.05)。结论:早产儿ROP发病率较高,胎龄小、出生体重低、吸氧、输血和有ARDS是其高危因素,在临床实践中应给予重视,及早发现ROP并规范治疗,以降低早产儿ROP的发病率。     

The Salivary Scavenger and Agglutinin (SALSA) in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy

Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The etiology is not clear, but an immune attack towards components of placenta or fetus has been indicated. This involves activation of the complement system in the placenta. We have previously described the presence of the complement-regulating protein salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA) in amniotic fluid. In this study we investigated the potential role of SALSA in pregnancy by analyzing its presence in amniotic fluid and placental tissue during healthy and complicated pregnancies. SALSA levels in amniotic fluid increased during pregnancy. Before 20 weeks of gestation the levels were slightly higher in patients who later developed pre-eclampsia than in gestation age-matched controls. In the placenta of pre-eclamptic patients syncytial damage is often followed by the formation of fibrinoid structures. SALSA was found clustered into these fibrinoid structures in partial co-localization with complement C1q and fibronectin. In vitro analysis showed direct protein binding of SALSA to fibronectin. SALSA binds also to fibrin/fibrinogen but did not interfere with the blood clotting process in vitro. Thus, in addition to antimicrobial defense and epithelial differentiation, the data presented here suggest that SALSA, together with fibronectin and C1q, may be involved in the containment of injured placental structures into fibrinoids.     

Perinatal outcome of pregnancies in women aged 40 and over

Perinatal outcome of pregnancies at forty and over was analyzed starting from the diagnosis of pregnancy to seven days following delivery. Retrospectively, pre-gestational health and reproduction status were dealt with, as well as the course of pregnancy, deliveries, and newborn children (study group). The control group was composed of pregnant women aged 20 to 29, who were identical to study group in terms of parity. Statistical data processing was done by means of chi2-test, and contingency 2 x 2 tables. The difference was significant if p < 0.05. Out of 2,099 diagnosed wanted pregnancies at forty and over, 415 (19.8%) had a miscarriage, in 33 (1.6%) an artificial abortion was performed after determining the fetus karyotype and 1,651 (78.2%) of pregnant women delivered. In 66.2% of pregnancies the fetus karyotype was determined and in 33 (2.5%) fetuses chromosomal abnormalities were found Incidence of deliveries at 40 and over is 1.38%, which is a 35.6-percent increase in the last ten years. Nullipara and pluripara had an increase, and multipara had a decrease. Pre-gestational health and reproduction status in study group is lower than in control group. Complications during pregnancy: threatened abortion, EPH gestosis, placenta praevia, gestational diabetes, late fetal death are more frequent than in control group (p < 0.05). In intrapartal terms, more frequent were induction of delivery, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, fetal distress, operative vaginal deliveries, and Cesarean section (p < 0.05). In neonatal outcome there are more premature infant, there are more VLBW, LBW, SGA, newborn with low Apgar index values, and the total perinatal death is greater than in the control group (p < 0.05). In perinatal terms, (from the diagnosis to the seventh day following delivery) 1,617 children survived (77.0%), meaning that perinatal loss was 482 (23.0%). Authors conclude that pregnancy at 40 and over is a high-risk pregnancy. There is a high risk of pre-gestational and gestational complications, and perinatal loss is high. Therefore, those pregnancies are not desirable from the medical point of view.     

丙基硫氧嘧啶影响妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进孕妇甲状腺功能及妊娠结局的研究

目的:探讨丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)影响妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)孕妇甲状腺功能及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择我院妇产科2010年3月至2013年1月收治的110例妊娠合并甲亢的患者作为观察对象,随机分为观察组58例,对照组52例。观察组予PTU每天300 mg口服,对照组确诊后未能定期检测甲状腺功能而自行停药,或拒绝PTU药物治疗。结果:观察组TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH水平均显著低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组早产或流产、剖宫产、妊娠高血压、心力衰竭、重度子痫明显低于对照组,而足月产明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组的围生儿发生胎儿窘迫、低体重儿、新生儿甲亢、转入NICU发生率均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:规范的PTU治疗能很好地改善妊娠合并甲亢患者的孕期甲状腺功能,减低甲亢对孕妇及新生儿的危害,改善妊娠结局,且对新生儿畸形率无显著的影响,是一种相对安全和有效的治疗方法。