兰科火烧兰属Epipactis若干种类的增补与修订

讨论了北美火烧兰 Epipactis gigantea、卵叶火烧兰 E．royleana和大叶火烧兰 E．mairei之间的异同。过去被许多作者认为是北美火烧兰 E．gigantea和卵叶火烧兰 E．royleana的中国植物实际上应是大叶火烧兰 E.mairei。卵叶火烧兰在中国仅局限于西藏东南部。     

火烧兰属中一个种的名称考辨

对Epipactis consimilis、火烧兰 E．helleborine和疏花火烧兰 E．veratrifolia之间的形态作了比较,并对Epipactis consimilis D．Don作了名称考证。结果承认 Epipactis veratrifolia Boiss．et Hohen．为合法名称,以取代早先为Rolfe(1903)所接受、近来在《中国植物志》第17卷(1999)中使用的Epipactis consimilis D．Don。     

中国鹤顶兰属(兰科)一新记录种

报道了中国鹤顶兰属Phaius一新记录种——中越鹤顶兰P.tonkinensis(Aver.)Aver.。该种与紫花鹤顶兰P.mishmensis(Lindl.et Paxton)Rchb.f.相似,不同在于该种的花萼和花瓣均为象牙白色,唇盘的脊上无毛,脊两侧具稀疏白色长毛。该文提供了该新记录种的形态描述和墨线图。     

兰科虎舌兰属Epipogium种类增补与修订

报道日本虎舌兰Epipogium japonicum Makino在中国四川西部的新记录,并讨论了该种与虎舌兰E. roseum (D. Don) Lindl.的形态差异。过去将日本虎舌兰处理为虎舌兰的异名是不恰当的。日本虎舌兰间断分布于日本和中国的四川西部高海拔地区及台湾。     

福建兰科2新记录属

报道了福建兰科2新记录属——钳唇兰属(Erythrodes Bl.)和异型兰属(Chiloschista Lindl.),及2个新记录种——钳唇兰[Erythrodes blumei(Lindl.)Schitr.]和广东异型兰(Chiloschista guangdongensis Z.H.Tsi),并提供了形态描述及其图片。凭证标本保存于福建师范大学生命科学学院植物标本馆(FNU)。     

大兴安岭火烧迹地恢复初期土壤微生物群落特征

对大兴安岭兴安落叶松2003年重度和中度火烧迹地以及未过火样地的土壤微生物群落进行了考察,旨在揭示火烧迹地恢复初期土壤微生物群落变化特征。研究结果表明火烧迹地土壤养分(全氮、全碳、土壤有机质、有效氮)和土壤水分与未过火对照样地存在显著差异;火烧迹地土壤微生物量碳氮、微生物代谢活性以及碳源利用能力均显著高于对照样地;但火烧迹地与对照样地土壤微生物群落结构指标土壤微生物量碳氮比(MBC/MBN)以及多样性指数没有显著差异。相关分析结果表明:土壤微生物量、代谢活性和碳源利用能力与土壤养分指标(全碳、全氮、速效氮、有机质)和土壤水分含量有显著相关性。主成分分析的结果表明火烧与否是火烧样地与对照样地土壤微生物对碳源利用能力差异的原因。所有样地土壤微生物群落真菌比例较高,可能与该地区土壤酸碱度有关(pH=4.12—4.68)。经过6a的恢复,重度和中度火烧迹地的土壤养分和水分、土壤微生物群落的生长、代谢、以及群落多样性仍存在差异,但均不显著,表明此时火烧程度对土壤微生物群落的影响已很微弱。     

基于NDVI的不同火烧强度下大兴安岭林火迹地森林景观恢复

利用LANDSAT TM影像,通过分类、提取森林景观类型及NDVI值,在较大尺度上探讨了火烧区火烧强度与森林景观格局、功能恢复的关系。结果表明,火烧区森林总体恢复情况较好。恢复状况与火烧强度具有明显的相关性。火烧强度越高,恢复状况越差。重度火烧区的针叶林景观所占比重低且生长状况较差;沼泽面积高于未火烧对照区,这一现象应引起足够重视,特别是在全球变化气温升高的背景下,应防止寒温带针叶林的退化以及林地沼泽化。在三种主要森林类型(针叶林、阔叶林、针阔叶混交林)中,针阔叶混交林是生长状况最好的,标志着火烧迹地正由演替的初期阶段向中期阶段过渡。     

火干扰后红松生长与气候因子的关系

研究了长白山地区火烧后存活下来的红松(Pinus koraiensis)与气候因子的关系,揭示火干扰后树木生长对气候要素的响应策略,建立生长量与气候要素的模拟方程,定量估算火干扰后温度变化对火烧红松径向生长的影响.结果表明,火烧红松年轮宽度与当年2月份、生长季最高温度显著负相关,与1月、5月、9月份和10月份的月最低温度显著正相关,与上一年6月和8月份的月降水量显著负相关,与平均温度的相关未达到显著,生长季的月最高温度是影响火烧红松径向生长的主要原因,且当温度上升4℃时,火烧红松的年生长量降低14%.推断火干扰后红松生长对温度较敏感,全球变暖有可能导致火烧红松的生长量降低.     

中国兰的组织培养

就中国兰组织培养中的形态建成 ,培养基和激素等因素与外植体诱导、种子非共生萌发、原球茎和根状茎的增殖及分化的关系 ,以及中国兰组织培养中存在的问题作了介绍。     

中国兰科独蒜兰属植物增补

报道了中国兰科独蒜兰属2个未详知种:藏南独蒜兰(Pleione arunachalensis Hareesh, P.Kumar M.Sabu)和矮小独蒜兰[P.humilis (Sm.) D.Don],并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。凭证标本保存于云南省林业和草原科学院植物标本馆(YAF)。     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Genus Astragalus

The karyotypes of five species in Astragalus (A. dahuricus DC., A. mongolicus Bunge., A. adsurgens Pall., A. melilotoides Pell., A. huangheensis H. C. Fu., Y. H. Liu) were studied. Among them, the karyotypes of A. dahuricus and A. melilotoides are reported for the first time. While A. melilotoides is tetraploid (2n=4X=32), all the others are found to be diploid (2n= 2X = 16). Based on the comparison of karyotypes, the evolu-tionary order of these 5 species is discussed.     

New Taxa of Chinese Aristolochia L.

Four new species of the genus Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) are described as new from China. They are Aristolochia austrochinensis C. Y. Cheng & J. S. Ma, A. caulialata C. Y. Wu, A. salweenensis C. Y. Cheng & J. S. Ma, and A. kunmingensis C. Y. Cheng &J. S. Ma. A naturalized species, A. ringens Vahl is also reported.     

A Review of Some Species of Myxidium Bütschli, 1882 (Myxozosporea) From Eels (Anguilla Spp.)

SYNOPSIS. Myxidium spores from various eel hosts ( Anguilla spp.) are compared. Myxidium anguillae, M. enchelypterygii, M. illinoisense, M. serum , and M. zealandicum are synonymized with M. giardi , a ubiquitous species reported from A. anguilla, A. rostrata, A. mossambica, A. japonica, A. reinhardtii, A. bicolor pacifica, A. australis , and A. dieffenbachii. Myxidium uchiyamae, M. lentiforme, M. matsuii and M. acinum are retained, and 2 new species described. Species other than M. giardi appear to be restricted to the Indo-Pacific region.     

A New Family of Entodiniomorph Protozoa from the Marsupial Forestomach, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Five New Species

ABSTRACT. A unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka ( Setonix brachyurus ), western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) and euro ( Macropus robustus erubescens ). A new genus, Macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. Three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: Macropodinium baldense n. sp., Macropodinium moiri n. sp. and Macropodinium setonixum n. sp. A single species, Macropodinium ennuensis n. sp., is described from the red kangaroo and euro. The last species, Macropodinium yalanbense n. sp., is described in forestomach contents from the western grey kangaroo. At least three distinct features in the new genus are incompatible with any of the described families in the order Entodiniomorphida. On this basis, the new family Macropodiniidae has been created.     

New Taxa of the Genus Agrostis from Yunnan

In the paper two species and one variety of the genus Agrostis L. are described as new from Yunnan Province, China. They are Agrostis lushuiensis,A. kunmingensis and A. myriantha Hook. f. var. yangbiensis.     

中国黄耆属(豆科)丁字毛类群2新种——额尔齐斯黄耆和沙地黄耆

描述了产于中国新疆的黄耆属（Astragalus）丁字毛类群2新种,即额尔齐斯黄耆（Astragalus eerqisiensis Z.Y.Chang,L. R. Xu ＆ D.Podlech）和沙地黄耆（A.shadiensis L. R. Xu,Z.Y.Chang ＆ D.Podlech）.其中,额尔齐斯黄耆仅见于新疆布尔津县的额尔齐斯河流域,与哈巴河黄耆（A.habaheensis）近缘,区别在于前者小叶菱形、倒卵形或椭圆形,长15～25（30）mm,宽（3）7～12（15）mm,旗瓣长20～22（25）mm,翼瓣顶端2裂;沙地黄耆产于新疆托克逊县东北部,散生于沙地荒漠,形态上与变异黄耆（A. variabilis Bunge ex Maxim.）接近,区别在于小叶5～7（9）枚而非11～19枚,旗瓣在中部收缩,植株全体被灰色毛而呈灰色.2新种均系中国特有种,其中额尔齐斯黄耆隶属于乌拉尔组（A. Sect.Helmia Bunge）,沙地黄耆隶属于旱生组[A. Sect.Craccina（Stev.）Bunge].     

云南草蔻和长柄山姜挥发油的化学成分分析

云南草蔻（Alpinia blepharocalyx K．Schum．）和长柄山姜（A．kwangsiensis T．L．Wu et Senjen）均为姜科山姜属多年生草本植物。云南草蔻,又名小草蔻,产自云南南部及西部,生于海拔100～1000m的疏林中;长柄山姜主要分布在广东、广西、贵州和云南,生于山谷中林下阴湿处,海拔580～680m。云南草蔻是傣药品种之一,种子以草豆蔻之名入药,根茎则用于治疗腹胀、腹部冷痛;长柄山姜根茎可治脘腹冷痛、胃寒呕吐。到目前为止,有关云南草蔻和长柄山姜根茎挥发油成分的研究尚未见报道。     

Materials for Chinese Ainsliaea (Compositae)

The genus, Ainsliaea DC. from China is revised in this paper. Three species, A. nana Y. C. Tseng, A. pingbianensis Y. G. Tseng and A. trinervis Y. C. Tseng, are newly described; two species, A. chapaensis Merr. and A. angustifolia Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke are new records for China and two new combinations, A. apteroides (Chang) Y. C. Tseng and A. macrocephala (Mattf.) Y. C. Tseng, are made. In addition, one species, A. hypoleuca Diels ex Limpr. and four varieties, A. bonatii Beauverd var. arachnoidea Beauverd, A. pteropoda DC. var. leiophylla Franch., A. elegans Hemsl. var. tomentosa Mattf. and A. glabra Hemsl. var. tenuiculis (Mattf.)Chang, are reduced to synonyms.     

八角属(八角科)三种植物之小记

根据对腊叶标本的研究,将少药八角Illicium oligandrum Merrill & Chun、I. parvifolium Merrill subsp. oligandrum(Merrill & Chun)Q. Lin作为小叶八角I. parvifolium Merrill的新异名,将苏门答腊八角I. sumatranum A. C. Smith作为里德利八角I. ridleyanum A. C. Smith的新异名,发现厚皮香八角I. ternstroemioides A. C. Smith在越南的新记录。     

泰国胡椒科胡椒属三新种

The genus Piper L. is estimated to contain over 1000 species which are distributed mainly in tropical regions of the world. Several species have great economic and cultural importance and are used as foods, medicines, stimulants, antiseptics and antioxidants. Moreover, their essential oil and leaf extracts possess activities against several bacterium strains and fungi. Leaves of P. hispidinervum C. DC. contain a high level of safrole (83%–93%) which is an important raw material for chemical…