固定化丝状真菌细胞

丝状真菌是征税酶制剂,抗生素及甾体激素的重要微生物,随着固定化技术的发展,其细胞的固定比技术愈来愈受到重视。本文从固定化细胞的方法、载体及生物反应器等方面论述了国内外的现状。     

固定化生物催化剂的研究动向

近年来,国内外对于固定化酶、固定化细胞、固定化细胞器以及生物传感器的研究很活跃,在固定化方法上取得了较大进展,一部分固定化酶、固定化微生物细胞以及生物传感器在食品发酵工业、有机合成工业、化学分析、临床诊断以及能源开发等方面得到了应用。目前,大多数固定化酶、固定化细胞以及生物传感器还处在实验室研究阶段或中试阶段,有待改进;动物细胞、植物细胞以及细胞器的固定化研究还处于探索阶段、有待深入。     

固定化生物催化剂技术新进展──联合固定化技术及其应用

本文介绍了联合固定化生物催化剂及其发展过程,综述了联合固定生物催化剂体系的应用,展望了联合固定化生物催化剂体系在发酵工业中的应用前景。     

抗体固定化方法研究进展

在免疫分析和生物芯片中,抗原-抗体特异性结合被广泛应用,其中抗体的固定化是研发高效诊断和分离工具的关键环节。生物分子工程、材料化学与交联剂化学的进步极大地促进了抗体固定化技术的发展。 抗体可以通过物理吸附、共价偶联和亲和相互作用固定到不同类型的固相表面。 抗体固定化的目标是以一种正确的空间取向将抗体固定到固相表面,在完全保留抗体构象和活性的同时最大化抗原的结合能力,这对固相化抗体的分析性能至关重要。 对固定抗体到固相载体表面的各种最新方法进行了阐述,包括物理吸附法,通过羧基、氨基、巯基、糖基和点击化学的共价结合法以及基于生物亲和作用的固定法,并对固定化抗体的表征方法进行了归纳,最后对抗体固定化方法的发展方向进行了展望。     

固定化技术在促进光合细菌产氢中的应用

氢气是一种新型的清洁高效能源,制氢技术的创新是目前研究的热点。将新型的技术及材料应用到生物制氢工艺中,从而促进生物制氢技术的产氢效率和工程应用是研究的重点之一。该文阐述了光合细菌在固定化生长条件下发酵产氢的最新研究进展,从固定化技术的原理、固定化方法的应用进展及影响因素几个方面进行了综述,详细阐述了包括包埋、悬浮载体附着生长及固定生物膜法等几种固定化方法对光发酵产氢的作用,介绍了国内外用于固定化的新型材料,并对今后的研究重点及方向进行了展望。     

多酶共固定化的研究进展

固定化酶技术是现代生物催化的核心技术。过去几十年里,固定化酶技术的研究主要集中在单酶固定化。近年来,多酶共固定化由于具有可增加反应的局部浓度、提高反应收率等优点而得到研究者的广泛关注。本文根据国内外研究现状并结合本实验研究从多酶非特异性共价共固定化、非特异性非共价共固定化、非共价包埋固定化以及位点特异性固定化四个方面阐述多酶固定化方法的研究进展,并分析和展望了其在工业上的应用前景。     

固定化微生物处理氨氮废水的研究进展

生物方法因其高效、持久及无二次污染已经成为治理水污染的重要方法,固定化微生物不仅加强微生物治理效果,更能保证微生物生存稳定,是现阶段生物方法治理水污染的主要组分.近年来学者们也做了很多固定化微生物处理各类废水的研究,并取得了大量优异成果.文章对固定化微生物技术进行剖析,分析各类固定化载体材料及各种固定化方法优缺点;解析...     

固定化酵母发酵酱油的新工艺

用把酵母吸附固定在陶瓷载体上的生物反应器来生产酱油,所要求的全部时间被缩短至8天但不影响产品质量,使用酵母为接合酵母(Zygosaccharomyes.rouxii)和假丝酵母(Candida versatilis).前者经历乙醇发酵并且产生2—苯乙醇,后者产生4—乙基—愈创木酚.最近,除传统工艺外,固定化酶和固定化微生物的生物反应器在食品行业的使用已经普遍.已经研究了不同于传统而使用固定化细胞生物反应器发酵酱油的新工艺.     

生物脱硫菌根癌土壤杆菌UP-3的固定化研究

生物脱硫催化剂固定化研究对生物脱硫技术的推广应用具有重要的意义。该文以筛选出的具有脱硫能力的根癌土壤杆菌UP-3为固定化研究对象,二苯并噻吩(DBT)为生物催化脱硫的模型化合物,主要考察了菌株UP-3的培养条件、固定化方法和载体、固定化操作条件和固定化细胞的使用条件。结果表明：以桑特斯培养基在30℃下培养28h的根癌土壤杆菌UP-3具有最佳活性。采用3wt％海藻酸钠水溶液为包埋载体,液菌比为20：1,在4℃下1wt％CaCl2水溶液中固定化24h,得到的固定化细胞脱硫性能最好。在30℃下,反应6d可将浓度为625mg／L的DBT降解60％以上。     

固定化小球藻产氧及光合速率的研究

通过对固定化小球藻产氧及光合速率的研究,进一步解决水产养殖水体溶解氧不足的问题,为生物增氧技术投入使用奠定基础。固定化具有较高的生物量及生物活性,在研究中被广泛使用。运用固定化技术对固定化小球藻产氧及光合速率进行了研究,结果表明,固定化小球藻具有较好的生物量及生物活性,海藻酸钠+羧甲基纤维素钠+硅藻土作为固定化基质有利于小球藻的放氧,其最高放氧量介于第3-4天,对于1 L水体增氧的最适固定化小球藻体积为150 mL,固定化小球藻的光合速率明显高于游离态小球藻。固定化技术增加了小球藻生物量和生物活性,具有较好的生物增氧特性,是较好的生物增氧材料。     

Inducible cell lysis systems in microbial production of bio-based chemicals

The release of products from microbial cells is an essential process for industrial scale production of bio-based chemicals. However, traditional methods of cell lysis, e.g., mechanical disruption, chemical solvent extraction, and immobilized enzyme degradation, account for a large share of the total production cost. Thus, an efficient cell lysis system is required to lower the cost. This review has focused on our current knowledge of two cell lysis systems, bacteriophage holin–endolysin system, and lipid enzyme hydrolysis system. These systems are controlled by conditionally inducible regulatory apparatus and applied in microbial production of fatty acids and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Moreover, toxin–antitoxin system is also suggested as alternative for its potential applications in cell lysis. Compared with traditional methods of cell disruption, the inducible cell lysis systems are more economically feasible and easier to control and show a promising perspective in industrial production of bio-based chemicals.     

游离整体细胞法工业化生产L-天冬氨酸

利用游离整体细胞催化技术在工业规模上进行Ｌ－天冬氨酸的生产,发现游离整体细胞催化技术不仅缩短了工艺流程,减少了设备投资,而且反应效率（生产效率）、生产能力、生产成本等方面均优于传统的固定化细胞法。     

The effect of immobilization on rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens in free suspension and immobilized to a commercially available biosupport (Biofix) and a biosorbent (Drizit), were used as bioremediation agents in an aqueous system with petrol (Slovene diesel) as the carbon source. Analysis of cellular growth and estimation of rhamnolipid production was carried out on the free suspension of the free and immobilized systems over 5 d. An increase in growth and rhamnolipid production was seen in the immobilized systems in comparison to the free system. EDTA was shown to be an inhibitor of rhamnolipid production. Its addition to the aqueous suspensions of all systems resulted in a fall in production of the surface-active agent in all cases, with no corresponding decrease in growth. This indicates the bacteria can rely on contact between the cell and the oil droplet for hydrocarbon transport into the cell. The data from this study indicated that immobilization resulted in a combination of increased contact between cell and hydrocarbon droplets and enhanced levels of rhamnolipid production.     

High efficiency ethanol fermentation by entrapment of Zymomonas mobilis into LentiKats

AIMS: To examine the potential of Zymomonas mobilis entrapped into polyvinylalcohol (PVA) lens-shaped immobilizates in batch and continuous ethanol production. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cells, free or immobilized in PVA hydrogel-based lens-shaped immobilizates - LentiKats, were cultivated on glucose medium in a 1 l bioreactor. In comparison with free cell cultivation, volumetric productivity of immobilized batch culture was nine times higher (43.6 g l(-1) h(-1)). The continuously operated system did not improve the efficiency (volumetric productivity of the immobilized cells 30.7 g l(-1) h(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated Z. mobilis capability, entrapped into LentiKats, in the cost-efficient batch system of ethanol production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results reported here emphasize the potential of bacteria in combination with suitable fermentation technology in industrial scale. The innovation compared with traditional systems is characterized by excellent long-term stability, high volumetric productivity and other technological advantages.     

Food Bioconversions and Metabolite Production Using Immobilized Cell Technology

Abstract

This review explores recent advances in the use of immobilized cells for the production of metabolites used in the food industry, such as enzymes, amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, aroma compounds, polysaccharides, and pigments. Some food bioconversions such as fermentation of soy sauce and various hydrolysis are also considered. Special emphasis was placed on existing or potential industrial processes. This article also reports the effects of the reactor (configuration and working conditions), the immobilized cell physiological status (growing, nongrowing, or permeabilized), and of the carrier type, configuration, and size on the performance of immobilized cell systems. Compared with free cell fermentation, the main advantage of using immobilized cells is an increase in productivity, particularly in the case of continuous fermentation. For monoenzymatic reactions, nongrowing immobilized cells are often reported to exhibit a higher stability than free or immobilized enzymes.     

Metabolic engineering of recombinant protein secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used cell factory for the production of fuels and chemicals, and it is also provides a platform for the production of many heterologous proteins of medical or industrial interest. Therefore, many studies have focused on metabolic engineering S. cerevisiae to improve the recombinant protein production, and with the development of systems biology, it is interesting to see how this approach can be applied both to gain further insight into protein production and secretion and to further engineer the cell for improved production of valuable proteins. In this review, the protein post-translational modification such as folding, trafficking, and secretion, steps that are traditionally studied in isolation will here be described in the context of the whole system of protein secretion. Furthermore, examples of engineering secretion pathways, high-throughput screening and systems biology applications of studying protein production and secretion are also given to show how the protein production can be improved by different approaches. The objective of the review is to describe individual biological processes in the context of the larger, complex protein synthesis network.     

Mass transfer effects in fermentations using immobilized whole cells

The immobilization of whole cells for fermentation processes has many potential advantages over fermentation with free cells, including higher cell concentrations, higher productivites and a higher level of operational stability. Most of the research reported in the literature has been directed towards demonstrating the feasibility of using these systems for various fermentations. The ultimate goal of research in this area is to bring the understanding of immobilized whole cells to the level of heterogeneous catalysis. Immobilized whole cell systems are examined from a mass transfer perspective. Evidence for external and internal mass transfer limitations is presented. Procedures for quantifying these effects in terms of effectiveness factors and determining the reaction kinetics in their presence are reviewed. Development of the reactor design equations and the reactor performance results for fermentations with immobilized cells are also discussed.     

Generalized linearization of kinetics of glucose isomerization to fructose by immobilized glucose isomerase

The kinetic parameters of both glucose isomerization to fructose and immobilized glucose isomerase (GI) inactivation calculated under different conditions are compared and discussed. Utilizing these figures, the possibility of generalizing a linear model, previously proposed for the kinetics of glucose isomerization by immobilized glucose isomerase, is investigated, so as to apply them to whole ranges of temperature and concentrations of actual interest in industrial processes. The proposed model is a satisfactory approximation of the more involved Briggs-Haldane approach and substantially simplifies the problem of optimizing an industrial fixed-bed column for high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) production.     

Immobilized biocatalysts — From simple to complex systems

Until recently it was only practical to use immobilized systems containing single enzymes or whole cells. More complex systems providing cofactor regeneration outside living cells have now been developed; coimmobilization of enzymes, cells and organelles from different organisms promises to improve further the industrial feasibility of immobilized biocatalysts.     

Immobilized plant cell reactors

The use of plant cells for the production of biochemicals represents a new area of biotechnological exploration. The techniques envisioned for industrial processes are related to those developed for microorganisms and a strong emphasis should be placed on immobilized cell systems. This review examines the spectrum of products that are synthesized by higher plants and the immobilization techniques that are suited to entrap plant cells from suspension culture. Different reactor configurations are described. Both packed-bed reactors with alginate-entrapped cells and hollow-fibre cartridges with sequestered cells have utility for the continuous production of biochemicals.