微生物合成黄酮糖苷类天然产物研究进展

黄酮糖苷类天然产物是植物中黄酮类化合物的主要存在形式,通过糖基化修饰,可以改变其水溶性、稳定性等,赋予其新的生物活性和功能。黄酮类化合物的糖基化修饰通常由植物源或微生物源的糖基转移酶催化,根据糖基的位置、类型和数量的不同,可形成多种类型的黄酮糖苷类产物。随着合成生物学和代谢工程的快速发展,在微生物中合成植物源黄酮糖苷类天然产物取得了重要进展。综述了糖基转移酶的聚类分析及糖基供体的途径改造,并对代谢工程优化黄酮糖苷类天然产物的微生物合成进行了分析讨论,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

唐古特白刺黄酮类物质及其药用研究进展CSCD

唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)是一种具有药用、食用和饲用价值的荒漠植物,主要分布于我国西北干旱半干旱地区。白刺被誉为沙漠樱桃,含有多种营养物质,还富含黄酮、生物碱等多种药用成分,因此人们对其药用成分、含量、功效及药理展开了一系列研究。本文对现有唐古特白刺黄酮类物质相关的研究进行了调研,首先对唐古特白刺中已分离出的黄酮类物质进行分类,其次对唐古特白刺主要组织中总黄酮含量进行整理和分析,另外对唐古特白刺中各种黄酮化合物的含量进行分析,最后对唐古特白刺中总黄酮、各类黄酮、黄酮单体化合物的药效及药理进行综述。通过对上述内容的整理和分析,总结出白刺黄酮类物质药用研究中存在的一系列问题,并基于此提出解决现有问题的思路并对未来白刺黄酮药用研究提出建议,以期为唐古特白刺植物黄酮类物质药用研究和开发提供理论参考,推动中医药行业的发展。     

植物来源药用天然产物的合成生物学研究进展

大多数药用天然产物在植物中含量低微,提取分离困难;而且这些化合物一般结构复杂,化学合成难度大,还容易造成环境污染。基于合成生物学技术获得药用天然产物具有绿色环保和可持续发展等优点。文中以药用萜类化合物人参皂苷、紫杉醇、青蒿素、丹参酮,生物碱类化合物长春新碱、吗啡以及黄酮类化合物灯盏花素为例,总结了植物来源药用萜类、生物碱类和黄酮类化合物的生物合成途径及合成生物学研究进展,介绍了药用天然产物合成生物学研究的关键技术与方法,并展望了合成生物学技术在药用天然产物研究与开发方面的应用前景。     

植物细胞培养生产黄酮类化合物研究进展

黄酮类化合物是中药的一种主要有效成分,本文综述了利用植物细胞培养方法合成黄酮类化合物的研究状况和各种环境条件对植物细胞生长和黄酮类化合物合成的影响。     

植物细胞培养生产黄酮类化合物研究进展

黄酮类化合物是中药的一种主要有效成分,本文综述了利用植物细胞培养方法合成黄酮类化合物的研究状况和各种环境条件对植物细胞生长和黄酮类化合物合成的影响。     

黄芪种子萌发及萌发后生长过程中黄酮类化合物合成的动态变化

在对膜荚黄芪和蒙古黄芪种子萌发和萌发后生长时期进行划分的基础上,研究了黄芪中3种主要黄酮类化合物芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮和毛蕊异黄酮苷在萌发和萌发后生长过程中含量的变化。为了弄清黄酮含量变化的机制,我们还对黄芪中黄酮生物合成途径酶的转录水平做了研究。结果表明,在种子萌发和萌发后生长阶段,两种黄芪中均出现了明显的黄酮类化合物累积增加的情况。通过检测黄酮类物质生物合成途径酶基因的转录表达水平,我们发现萌发阶段蒙古黄芪中黄酮类物质积累增加主要由上游途径酶基因的表达水平升高引起,而膜荚黄芪中则几乎涉及到所有途径酶。此外,我们还发现萌发后生长阶段中,两种黄芪中合成途径酶基因转录对黄酮类物质含量的调控则选择性地存在时间延迟效应。     

蜂胶中黄酮类化合物药理作用研究进展

黄酮类化合物是广泛存在于自然植物中的次级代谢产物,具有多种保健功能。蜂胶(propolis)是蜜蜂收集不同树植物的树脂、分泌物与蜜蜂唾液混合而成的具有芳香气味的物质,含有丰富的黄酮类化合物。综述了对蜂胶中黄酮类化合物的抗肿瘤、损伤保护、降血糖、抗氧化等多种药理作用的研究进展,以期为蜂胶黄酮类化合物相关药用研究提供参考。     

千层塔植物茎叶中黄酮类物质的研究

本实验利用分光光度法对千层塔植物茎叶内的黄酮类物质进行了初步测定 ,确定了总黄酮含量提取的适宜溶剂浓度和提取的适宜时间。结果表明 ,用 6 0 %的甲醇溶剂提取 6h总黄酮含量最高。此外 ,本试验还对千层塔黄酮提取液进行了各种定性颜色反应 ,初步确定其中的黄酮类物质主要为黄酮类和黄酮醇类。     

萝藦科马利筋族植物化学成分研究进展(Ⅱ)

综述了到目前为止,从马利筋族植物中发现的黄酮、强心甙、生物碱、萜类、苯衍生物类等成分的种类及其分布,并介绍了一些化合物的药理作用以及黄酮类和C21甾体化合物在鹅绒藤属化学分类中的作用.     

不同产地野菊花中黄酮类成分含量的HPLC分析

野菊花为菊科(Compositae)植物野菊[Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul.]的头状花序,具有清热解毒和疏风散热等功效.黄酮类化合物为野菊花最主要的有效成分之一,最早从野菊花中分离出的黄酮类化合物为木犀黄酮苷,此后相继得到刺槐素、木犀草素、芹菜素和蒙花苷等黄酮类化合物,以蒙花苷和木犀草素含量最高,其中蒙花苷含量是野菊花药材的主要质量检测指标[1].     

Marine Natural Products: The Important Resource of Biological Insecticide

Due to the unique environmental conditions and vast territory, marine habitat breeds more abundant biological resources than terrestrial environment. Massive marine biological species provide valuable resources for obtaining a large number of natural products with diverse structure and excellent activity. In recent years, new breakthroughs have been made in the application of marine natural products in drug development. In addition, the use of marine natural products to develop insecticides and other pesticide products has also been widely concerned. Targeting marine plants, animals, and microorganisms, we have collected information on marine natural products with insecticidal activity for nearly decade, including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids and phenols fatty acids, peptides, and proteins, et al. In addition, some active crude extracts are also included. This review describes the insecticidal activities of marine natural products and their broad applications for future research in agriculture and health.     

Biosynthesis and Genetic Engineering of Polyketides

Polyketides are one of the largest groups of natural products produced by bacteria, fungi, and plants. Many of these metabolites have highly complex chemical structures and very important biological activities, including antibiotic, anticancer, immunosuppressant, and anti-cholesterol activities. In the past two decades, extensive investigations have been carried out to understand the molecular mechanisms for polyketide biosynthesis. These efforts have led to the development of various rational approaches toward engineered biosynthesis of new polyketides. More recently, the research efforts have shifted to the elucidation of the three-dimentional structure of the complex enzyme machineries for polyketide biosynthesis and to the exploitation of new sources for polyketide production, such as filamentous fungi and marine microorganisms. This review summarizes our general understanding of the biosynthetic mechanisms and the progress in engineered biosynthesis of polyketides.     

微生物合成白藜芦醇的研究进展

白藜芦醇是植物源的多酚化合物,具有清除自由基、抗氧化、延长寿命等生理活性,在医药、保健品、化妆品等方面有着广阔的应用前景。目前,白藜芦醇主要采用植物提取的方法,对自然植物资源依赖严重,而且受植物成分含量和提取效率低的限制。近年来,合成生物学的迅速发展已使人们将注意力转向利用微生物合成白藜芦醇。通过在微生物中转入外源基因,成功构建出了白藜芦醇工程菌株,并从基因序列、组合方式及发酵工艺等方面进行了优化改造。本文综述了微生物合成白藜芦醇的研究进展。     

High efficient production of plant flavonoids by microbial cell factories: Challenges and opportunities

Plant flavonoids are secondary metabolites containing a benzo-γ-pyrone structure, which are widely present in plants and have a variety of physiological and pharmacological activities. However, current flavonoid production from plant extraction or chemical synthesis does not meet the requirements of green and sustainable development. Fortunately, microbial synthesis of flavonoids has shown the potential for large-scale production with the advantages of being controllable and environmentally friendly, and a variety of microorganisms have been developed as microbial cell factories (MCFs) to synthesize plant flavonoids owing to the feasibility of genetic manipulations. However, most of MCFs have not yet been commercialized and industrialized because of the challenges posed by unbalanced metabolic flux among various pathways and conflict between cell growth and production. Here, strategies for coping with the challenges are summarized in terms of enzymes, pathways, metabolic networks, host cells. And combined with protein structure prediction, de novo protein design, artificial intelligence (AI), biocatalytic retrosynthesis, and intelligent stress resistance, it provides new insights for the high efficient production of plant flavonoids and other plant natural products in MCFs.     

植物多酚的微生物合成

植物多酚属于苯丙烷衍生物,包括酚酸类、茋类、姜黄素类和黄酮类等。它们具有抗氧化、扩血管、抗血凝、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生理药理活性,在医药、食品、化妆品、化工等领域具有巨大的应用市场。微生物具有生长快、培养简单、可工业化等优点,成为异源合成天然产物的重要宿主。近年来,合成生物学的发展促进了植物天然产物的微生物合成,并取得了实质性进展。文中综述了植物多酚代谢途径在工程大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母等微生物中的构建、表达和产物合成现状,讨论了提高产量的前体工程、动态调控、共培养等优化策略,并就未来的多酚途径工程提出展望。     

Impacts of engineered nanomaterials on microbial community structure and function in natural and engineered ecosystems

In natural and engineered environments, microorganisms often exist as complex communities, which are key to the health of ecosystems and the success of bioprocesses in various engineering applications. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been considered one type of emerging contaminants that pose great potential risks to the proper function of microbial communities in natural and engineered ecosystems. The impacts of ENMs on microorganisms have attracted increasing research attentions; however, most studies focused on the antimicrobial activities of ENMs at single cell and population level. Elucidating the influence of ENMs on microbial communities represents a critical step toward a comprehensive understanding of the ecotoxicity of ENMs. In this mini-review, we summarize and discuss recent research work on the impacts of ENMs on microbial communities in natural and engineered ecosystems, with an emphasis on their influences on the community structure and function. We also highlight several important research topics which may be of great interest to the research community.     

Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids

Flavonoids are one of the largest classes of small molecular secondary metabolites produced in different parts of the plant. They display a wide range of pharmacological and beneficial health effects for humans, which include, among others, antioxidative activity, free radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease prevention and antiatherosclerotic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Hence, flavonoids are gaining high attention from the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. Notably, plants synthesize flavonoids in response to microbial infection, and these compounds have been found to be a potent antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. Antimicrobial action of flavonoids results from their various biological activities, which may not seem very specific at first. There are, however, promising antibacterial flavonoids that are able not only to selectively target bacterial cells, but also to inhibit virulence factors, as well as other forms of microbial threats, e.g. biofilm formation. Moreover, some plant flavonoids manifest ability to reverse the antibiotic resistance and enhance action of the current antibiotic drugs. Hence, the development and application of flavonoid-based drugs could be a promising approach for antibiotic-resistant infections. This review aims to improve our understanding of the biological and molecular roles of plant flavonoids, focusing mostly on their antimicrobial activities.

     

益生菌的功能基因导入和基因编辑

益生菌已经在临床和食品领域应用多年,其安全性和有效性已经获得人们的认可。随着分子生物学技术的发展,采用益生菌作为载体进行基因导入或基因编辑,这些遗传改造的益生菌一部分已经作为新的药品或疫苗进入到临床应用阶段。携带功能基因的益生菌定殖于肠道进行表达和缓慢释放,这类益生菌作为活体药物获得益生菌和功能基因的双重功效,可用于治疗某些疑难病症。携带蛋白质抗原基因的益生菌定殖于肠道进行表达,可诱导肠道黏膜免疫、细胞免疫和体液免疫,这是一条更安全的口服疫苗途径。成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated protein,Cas)以其高效与便捷性推动了益生菌基因编辑的发展。这篇综述介绍了CRISPR-Cas9操作系统在益生菌方面的应用。对传统遗传操作较难的益生菌采用CRISPR-Cas9技术进行基因编辑,使其基因敲除和基因突变,基因敲入和基因调控等更为简单、高效和易操作。这些CRISPR/Cas9、CRISPRa和CRISPRi技术在益生菌的基因表达调控和代谢工程等领域具有巨大的应用潜力,例如医药、食品以及工业等相关重要产品的获得。本文总结了益生菌基因导入和基因编辑在生物制品生产中的相关应用,最后对其未来的研究方向进行展望。