我国生物制造分离过程技术与装备研究进展

<正>生物产物的分离与纯化是生物制造过程的重要单元,关系生化产品的质量与制造成本。大多数生化产品需要综合利用多个分离纯化技术才能确保终端产品质量达标。近年来,我国在相关介质、技术和装备的研究与应用方面取得了长足进步。文章针对生物大分子蛋白、生物乙醇和丁醇、发酵调味品、1,3-丙二醇、呈味核苷酸二钠等典型生物发酵产品的分离纯化。重点介绍了我国近年     

分离纯化对蛋白质活性的影响

在分离纯化中,蛋白质或多或少的受到与生理条件极不相同的溶液环境的有害影响。此影响也是蛋白质纯化过程中的一个最大问题之一。因而,在蛋白质的具体纯化过程中分析其活性受影响的主要因素以及采取一些相应的措施来对蛋白质的活性进行保护,只有这样才能提高蛋白质的纯度和活性回收率,降低生产成本,保证产品质量。     

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶的分离纯化及应用研究进展

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶为人血浆中微量蛋白,其浓缩制剂在临床上具有治疗肺气肿等疾病的确切疗效．综述了近来α_1-抗胰蛋白酶分离纯化工艺和应用研究的进展,结合生化分离纯化技术的发展,讨论了该产品制备新工艺的开发方向．     

生命科学中的糖蛋白

论述了糖蛋白的组成,结构、在生命过程中的主要功能以及从各种活细胞中提取、分离、纯化蛋白的新观点、新方法,对糖蛋白在生命过程中的重要意义和在食品、生化、医药工业中的应用前景作了详细的讨论。     

制备型高效液相色谱法分离蛋白质的研究

生物工程的发展,特别是生化制品下游处理技术的兴起,对现代分离科学提出了更高的要求,研究和开发各类生化物质特别是活性生物大分子的分离纯化技术,已成为一项十分重要的研究课题。在现有的分离技术中,液相色谱,尤其是80年代在分析型高效液相色谱(HPLC)基础上兴起的制备型HPLC,在大规模分离纯化生物活性物质特别是蛋白质方面已显示出巨大的应用潜力,引起了各国研究者的高度重视^[1-5].本文利用自行设计的制备型HPLC分离装置,对牛血清白蛋白(BAS)和牛血清红蛋白(HG)的制备分离过程进行了实验研究,着重考虑了流动流速、柱超载方式、柱长等因素对BAS和HG分离度的影响。     

沼气发酵菌株的分离与性质分析

目的：从沼气发酵菌群出发,尝试简便易行的分离纯化甲烷菌新方法。方法：利用Hungate滚管法和反复研究的包埋产气法,对甲烷菌分离纯化及初步鉴定,并对分离菌株性质进行分析。结果：分离得到甲烷菌菌株,并对所分离菌株进行生理生化分析、染色及荧光观察、产气量及产气成分测定。     

2007年生物产业技术研讨会筹备工作已全面展开

在生物技术产品生产中,分离纯化技术对生物技术产品的形态。收率和成本起着越来越重要的作用。在以小分子为主的传统发酵工业中,分离成本占总成本的60％左右。而在现代基因工程产品中,分离成本高达90%。因此分离纯化技术在生物技术产业化中起着十分重要的作用。为推动生物产业中应用技术的进步与发展,化学工业出版社和中国生物工程学会决定于2007年举办以工业生物技术及分离纯化技术为主题的专题研讨会。在邀请国内外知名专家作报告的同时,为科研院校（所）及企业提供交流与展示的平台。     

糖的生化学术讨论会

中国生化学会于1982年11月16—20日在青岛召开了糖的生化学术讨论会。来自全国35个单位的72名代表出席了会议。在会上报告的论文共49篇,内容包括微生物多糖的分离、纯化、组分、结构和应用的研究;糖蛋白、凝集素的分离纯化性质;糖苷酶分离的研究等。这些报告反映出我国目前在糖     

不同地区浆水菜中可培养乳酸菌的组成分析

从陕西、河南地区采集浆水菜样品,经分离培养从中分离纯化出62株乳酸菌,经菌落形态观测、革兰氏染色、生化特性分析以及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析和系统发育树构建等方法,对其种属进行鉴定。结果表明:分离纯化的62株乳酸菌的16S rRNA基因序列分别能以较高的相似性(99%),比对乳酸杆菌属的3个已知菌种:植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌和类布氏乳杆菌。经比较分析,不同地区浆水样品中可培养乳酸菌的种类近似,但在比例和数量上稍有不同。本研究揭示了不同地区浆水中可培养乳酸菌的组成,为其中微生物资源的发掘及工业生产提供了研究依据。     

木聚糖酶分离纯化技术

木聚糖酶应用广泛,其分离纯化是进行酶学性质研究、分子研究的前提条件,是成功确定氨基酸序列和三维结构的基础。综述微生物木聚糖酶分离纯化的方法,分析了常用方法在其分离纯化中的优缺点;强调了特异性分离纯化技术是高效的分离纯化方法;并对其它方法进行了概括。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV