半乳甘露聚糖胶物理增粘技术的研究

本文对瓜尔胶、胡芦巴胶、皂荚胶、野皂荚胶、田菁胶的水合增粘工艺进行了研究,并比较了螺杆盘磨式和轧辊刨片式两种增粘机。与原胶相比,增粘胶1％胶液粘度提高了50％,水不溶物含量降低了15％。     

植物多糖胶流变性质的研究

胡芦巴、皂荚、野皂荚和塔拉多糖胶水溶液随着浓度的增加,溶液表现为假塑性流体．表现粘度随剪切速率增大而减小。通过Cross模型和实验数据计算得到1％多糖胶零剪切速率时表现粘度η0、无穷大剪切速率时表现粘度η∞和弹性松驰时间等重要流变参数。根据Arrhenius方程和实验数据计算得到1％浓度多糖胶的粘度流化能E和常数A,皂荚胶和塔拉胶的粘流活化能大。时间对多糖胶液粘度影响较大,新配制的多糖胶液随着水化时间的延长,胶液表观粘度增大,胶液放置时间超过24h后,表现粘度随时间的延长而降低。pH值、冻融处理和盐离子对多糖胶表现粘度的影响不太大。多糖胶与硼离子形成的冻胶．其粘度因多糖胶品种而异,其中胡芦巴冻胶粘度最高,是野皂荚冻胶粘度的165倍和瓜尔胶冻胶粘度的2．7倍。     

烘炒法分离提取半乳甘露聚糖型种子胶

种子多糖胶分离提取工艺试验表明,根据种子胚乳坚硬的物理性能,用机械分离方法分离种子胚乳,其多糖胶抽提率大于80％。烘炒法适用于种皮厚而硬一类种子胚乳的分离,正交试验表明烘炒温度对种子多糖胶抽提率和粘度指标影响最大;皂荚胚乳的最优化分离条件是种子在80℃下预热60min,然后在160℃烘炒机中烘炒4min,再进入开片、选片和筛选工序;野皂荚胚乳的分离条件是种子80℃时预热30min,130℃下烘炒3min。     

槐豆胶的流变性及与黄原胶的协效性研究

本文主要对槐豆胶的流变性及槐豆胶与黄原胶的协效增稠性和协效凝胶性进行了研究。结果表明:槐豆胶具有较高的粘度,当胶浓度为1％时,其粘度为660mpa·s;浓度、剪切力、温度、酸碱、冻融等变化与槐豆胶的粘度都有较大的关系;槐豆胶还有一非常显著的特性即是与黄原胶的协效增稠性和协效凝胶性,可作为理想的黄原胶的增稠剂和凝胶剂。     

田菁胶的细胞定位和粘度的关系

对发育过程中和成熟的田菁（Sesbania Canabina)种子内胚乳细胞进行了透射和扫描电镜观察。结果表明：田菁胶形成后不是分泌到胞外,而是聚积在胞内,对不同粒度田菁胶的粘度测定,表明粒度越大,粘度越小;反之,粒度越大。这种结果与田菁胶在细胞内定位是相一致的。另外,对不同粒度田菁胶的糖和不熔物含量也进行了测定。     

五种豆科种子胚乳细胞的微观结构的比较

运用光学显微镜和电子显微镜分别对胡芦巴、野皂荚、皂荚、瓜尔豆、塔拉豆等五种豆科种子内胚乳细胞的形态、大小、壁厚等微观结构进行了观察比较。研究结果表明：五种种子内胚乳细胞壁几乎完全由胶状的透明的半乳甘露聚糖所填充,细胞的形态、大小差异较大,瓜尔豆、塔拉豆的内胚乳细胞呈球形或近球形;胡芦巴内胚乳细胞为多角形或多角椭圆形,它们细胞壁界限清晰,细胞排列整齐有规律;皂荚、野皂荚则为不规则的长椭球形,细胞壁彼此连接成片,界限模糊。一般地说：当细胞壁壁厚小于4μm时,胚乳胶粉中的水不溶物含量较低,1％浓度的胶液的粘度较高,而当壁厚大于4μm时,情况反之。本文的研究目的是为植物胶生产、加工提供一定的细胞学方面的依据。     

田菁胶的细胞定位和粘度的关系

对发育过程中和成熟的田菁（Sesbania Canabina)种子内胚乳细胞进行了透射和扫描电镜观察。结果表明：田菁胶形成后不是分泌到胞外,而是聚积在胞内,对不同粒度田菁胶的粘度测定,表明粒度越大,粘度越小;反之,粒度越大。这种结果与田菁胶在细胞内定位是相一致的。另外,对不同粒度田菁胶的糖和不熔物含量也进行了测定。     

皂荚胶的羧甲基化改性工艺优化

本研究依据石油压裂液的要求,以粘度、水不溶物含量两项指标对皂荚胶的羧甲基化改性进行工艺优化。皂荚胶的羧甲基化改性最优反应条件为:40 g原胶粉碱化时氢氧化钠用量为2.1 g、碱化时间为1.5 h、皂荚胶与氯乙酸钠摩尔比为1∶0.8、在65℃反应6 h时,皂荚胶原料水不溶物含量从26.91%降至2.07%,并且还能保持较高的粘度值640 m Pa.s。     

我国三种半乳甘露聚糖胶粉比较研究

本文阐述了瓜尔豆胶、胡芦巴胶、田菁胶的胶粉形态及其１％基液粘度、冷水不溶物的情况,讨论了它们之间的差异,为不同胶粉的粉未鉴定提供了一些基础资料。并指出胡芦巴胶粉冷水不溶物低,对其化学改性十分有利。     

槐豆胶与黄原胶的协效性研究

对槐豆胶与黄原胶的协效性进行了研究,结果表明,槐豆胶和黄原胶有较高的协效性,其最佳配比（重量比）为2：8;当混合液浓度达到0.5%-0.6%时形成凝胶,因此槐豆胶可作为黄原胶的增稠剂和凝胶剂。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.