产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性分析

【目的】利用筛选培养基,从福建沿海潮间带泥样中分离筛选产壳聚糖酶的菌株,并研究菌株的产酶特性。【方法】通过形态学观察,结合26S rDNA序列进行分类鉴定,采用DNS法测定酶活力。【结果】筛选得到产壳聚糖酶的菌株KQ-1002与草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)的同源性为99%,并初步鉴定为青霉属的一种。发酵培养的最适温度为30°C,最适碳源为1.0%水溶性壳聚糖,最适氮源为1.87%(NH4)2SO4,最适pH为6.0。该菌株液体发酵培养72 h产壳聚糖酶活性最高,经优化后最高产酶量为18 U/mL。纯化后的壳聚糖酶经SDS-PAGE分析其分子量约40 kD。酶促反应最适pH为5.0,最适反应温度为55°C,Km值为1.293 g/L。在离子浓度为1.0×10 3mol/L时,金属离子Cu2+、Hg2+、Ag+对酶的活性均有强烈的抑制作用。壳聚糖酶对不同底物及脱乙酰度的壳聚糖具有不同的降解作用。【结论】筛选获得产壳聚糖酶的真菌菌株KQ-1002的壳聚糖酶活力经优化后提高了约7倍,是一株具有研究和应用潜力的产壳聚糖酶菌株。     

双孢蘑菇酪氨酸酶基因在酿酒酵母中的异源表达及其酶学特性

【目的】在酿酒酵母中异源表达双孢蘑菇来源的酪氨酸酶基因PPO2,并研究酪氨酸酶在酿酒酵母胞内及胞外的酶学特性。【方法】提取双孢蘑菇总RNA,通过RT-PCR克隆酪氨酸酶基因PPO2,构建表达载体pSP-G1-PPO2,并转化至酿酒酵母进行表达,采用镍亲和层析纯化蛋白并研究其酶学性质。【结果】在酿酒酵母中正确表达了大小为65 kDa的酪氨酸酶蛋白。重组酶能催化底物酪氨酸产生黑色素。体外活性测定表明,酪氨酸酶催化最适温度为45°C,以酪氨酸和多巴为底物时最适pH分别为7.0和8.0。在酿酒酵母中测得底物酪氨酸浓度低于2.5 mg/mL时,黑色素的产量与底物浓度呈现正相关性。【结论】来源于双孢蘑菇的酪氨酸酶基因PPO2在酿酒酵母中成功表达,重组酶具有良好的酶学特性。利用酪氨酸酶产物黑色素的产量与底物浓度呈现正相关性这一特性,可将其作为细胞酪氨酸产量的传感器,为高通量筛选酪氨酸高产菌株提供了思路。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

一株花椒根腐病拮抗菌的筛选、发酵条件及其抑菌物质的初步分析

【背景】腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)是陇南花椒根腐病的主要病原物,是危害花椒生产的重要原因之一。【目的】筛选拮抗腐皮镰孢的生防菌株,为开发防治花椒根腐病的微生物农药提供新的生物资源。【方法】采用平板对峙法结合16S rRNA基因序列分析等方法从花椒根围中分离具有较强抑菌效果的细菌并进行筛选鉴定;通过Box-Benhnken中心组合设计试验探究该菌最佳发酵条件;采用液质联用(LC-MS)方法对该菌发酵液的有机溶剂提取相进行非靶向代谢组学分析及KEGG、Lipidmaps数据库注释。【结果】分离筛选出一株拮抗菌株贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) W-1,该菌株对腐皮镰孢的抑菌率为89%,对藤仓赤霉(Gibberella fujikuroi)、禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、梅毒镰孢(Fusarium syphilis)、层生镰孢(Fusarium proliferatum)和松针刺盘孢(Colletotrichum fioriniae)的抑制率为57%-90%。优化后W-1的最佳发酵条件为pH值6.5、温度30℃、接种量5%、转速...     

一种耐热偏酸性β-甘露聚糖酶基因克隆与高效表达

【目的】克隆半纤维素降解高效菌株Bacillus subtilis BE-91的甘露聚糖酶基因并进行原核表达,对表达产物进行酶学性质研究。【方法】采用PCR扩增法从B. subtilis BE-91菌株中克隆β-甘露聚糖酶基因,分别连接到pEASY-E1和pET28a载体,导入Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。用DNS法对工程菌株的胞内和胞外β-甘露聚糖酶进行定量分析,选取胞外甘露聚糖酶活力高的组分进行酶学性质研究。【结果】从B. subtilis BE-91菌株中克隆的β-甘露聚糖酶基因(GenBank登录号：KP277209)在E. coli中获得高效表达,工程菌株pEASY-man/BL产胞外β-甘露聚糖酶的活性可达229.1 IU/mL;该基因序列全长960 bp,包含319个氨基酸的编码序列和一个终止密码子;表达产物的最适反应温度为65 °C,最适反应pH为6.0,属于耐热偏酸性β-甘露聚糖酶;该酶稳定温度≤65 °C,稳定pH为4.5?7.0;1 mmol/L的Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Ca2+对该酶有激活作用,而Ba2+和Pb2+有强烈抑制作用。【结论】B. subtilis BE-91拥有珍贵的β-甘露聚糖酶基因资源,其胞外表达产物的耐热偏酸性酶学性质在开发饲料添加剂方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

产壳聚糖酶内生真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶活力初步研究

植物内生真菌是挖掘不同类型壳聚糖酶及发现新酶的资源宝库。该研究从122株柑橘和血散薯内生真菌中筛选能产生壳聚糖酶的菌株,对其进行鉴定,初步研究酶活力影响因素,为后期其酶学性质及产壳聚糖酶内生真菌与宿主植物病害防御互作关系的研究奠定基础。通过透明圈法初筛结合液体发酵法进行复筛,得到2株可产生壳聚糖酶的内生真菌Stdif9和Stdif9-4,并发现Stdif9-4最高酶活力(0.968 U·mL^-1)显著高于Stdif9(0.780 U·mL^-1)。采用形态学和分子生物学结合的方法将菌株Stdif9-4鉴定为青霉属菌株,即Penicillium sp. Stdif9-4。通过DNS试剂法初步研究影响该菌株产壳聚糖酶活力的因素,发现不同培养时间对菌株壳聚糖酶活力具有显著影响,在培养96 h时,壳聚糖酶活力达到最大值。9种金属离子对菌株的酶活力具有不同影响,其中Mn²⁺和Ca²⁺对壳聚糖酶活力具有明显的激活作用; Ag⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ba²⁺和Fe³⁺对壳聚糖酶活力具有不同程度的抑制作用,并且Ag⁺的抑制作用最为显著; K⁺和Na⁺对壳聚糖酶活力无显著影响。不同培养代数菌株产酶活力无显著差异,说明其产酶活力稳定。     

高活性壳聚糖酶制剂的制备及其对壳聚糖降解作用的研究

对系列壳聚糖酶高产菌株的产酶性能及产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活性进行了比较,从中筛选出一株优良芽孢杆菌菌株,其产酶发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力高达5000U/mL(以单位时间内底物壳聚糖的减少量确定酶活力)。利用此粗制壳聚糖酶制剂对壳聚糖进行酶解产糖的研究表明:壳聚糖的转化率及壳寡糖的产率在适合的酶解条件下,短时间内即可接近100%。     

重组毕赤酵母表达棘孢木霉几丁质酶Tachi1的酶学性质研究及表达条件优化

【目的】对转棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi1的毕赤酵母工程菌GS-tachi1-K进行诱导表达,研究重组几丁质酶Tachi1的酶学性质,优化表达条件。【方法】对GS-tachi1-K进行甲醇诱导培养,纯化目的蛋白Tachi1进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究;通过单因素和正交试验对GS-tachi1-K菌株产几丁质酶Tachi1表达条件进行优化。【结果】GS-tachi1-K表达的几丁质酶Tachi1表观分子量约为44 kDa,酶反应最适的温度和pH分别为50℃和5.5,具有较宽的温度、pH适用范围;50℃以下保持较高的酶活力,在碱性条件下稳定性较差;受Ag+、Hg2+、Cu2+、Fe2+和高浓度的SDS及β-巯基乙醇强烈抑制。该菌株的最佳表达条件为:pH为6.5,甲醇诱导浓度为0.5%,起始细胞浓度为OD600=2,甲醇诱导时间为180 h;几丁质酶Tachi1活力可达17.93 U/mL,蛋白表达量为6.19 g/L。【结论】成功实现了棘孢木霉新几丁质酶基因tachi1的毕赤酵母高效分泌表达,工程菌GS-tachi1-K具有高表达量和表达产物酶活性高两个特点,明确了几丁质酶Tachi1的酶学性质和最佳诱导表达条件,为该几丁质酶及其基因的深入研究和开发利用奠定了基础。     

破坏细胞壁蛋白CWP2基因提高重组酿酒酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶胞外酶活

【背景】重组酿酒酵母广泛应用于生产工业酶和药用蛋白,但是目前仍旧存在异源蛋白产量低、分泌效率差的问题,限制了生产应用。【目的】提高重组酿酒酵母异源分泌蛋白的能力,构建高效的异源蛋白生产细胞工厂。【方法】采用基于CRISPR/Cas9的基因组编辑技术,以生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的重组酿酒酵母Y294-BGL为出发菌株,构建细胞壁蛋白基因CWP2破坏菌株。【结果】与出发菌株相比,破坏CWP2的破坏菌株在发酵96 h时胞外β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活可提高53%,胞内酶活提高了208%。此外,破坏菌生长未受到影响,对弱酸等环境胁迫的耐性没有下降,未造成过多内质网胁迫。进一步检测发现,破坏菌株胞内活性氧水平下降,同时蛋白胞内运输和分泌途径相关的关键基因表达转录及多个细胞壁生物合成相关基因表达下降。【结论】破坏细胞壁蛋白基因CWP2能够提高异源蛋白β-葡萄糖苷酶的胞外酶活,可作为促进酿酒酵母生产异源蛋白的靶点基因。     

枯草芽孢杆菌壳聚糖酶水解制备低脱乙酰度壳寡糖及其组分分析

对来源于枯草芽孢杆菌菌株168(Bacillus subtilis 168)的壳聚糖酶编码基因进行了序列优化及全合成,并在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中实现了分泌表达,表达产物的蛋白质浓度达到0.30mg/ml。表达的壳聚糖酶最适p H为5.6,最适温度为55℃,比酶活达84.54U/ml。该酶在50℃及以下较稳定。利用该酶水解低脱乙酰度壳聚糖并使用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF MS)对产物的组分进行了分离及鉴定。根据一级质谱信息,推测酶解产物中包含至少37种聚合度2~18,不同脱乙酰度的壳寡糖组分。综上,利用毕赤酵母分泌表达了来源于枯草芽孢杆菌菌株168的壳聚糖酶基因,利用表达产物水解制备了低脱乙酰度壳寡糖并对其组分进行了分析,可为后续壳寡糖结构与功能关系的研究提供参考。     

Human cytosolic asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase: cDNA sequence, functional expression in Escherichia coli and characterization as human autoantigen.

The cDNA for human cytosolic asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (hsAsnRSc) has been cloned and sequenced. The 1874 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 548 amino acids with a predicted M r of 62 938. The protein sequence has 58 and 53% identity with the homologous enzymes from Brugia malayi and Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively. The human enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with an N-terminal 4 kDa calmodulin-binding peptide. A bacterial extract containing the fusion protein catalyzed the aminoacylation reaction of S.cerevisiae tRNA with [14C]asparagine at a 20-fold efficiency level above the control value confirming that this cDNA encodes a human AsnRS. The affinity chromatography purified fusion protein efficiently aminoacylated unfractionated calf liver and yeast tRNA but not E.coli tRNA, suggesting that the recombinant protein is the cytosolic AsnRS. Several human anti-synthetase sera were tested for their ability to neutralize hsAsnRSc activity. A human autoimmune serum (anti-KS) neutralized hsAsnRSc activity and this reaction was confirmed by western blot analysis. The human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase appears to be like the alanyl- and histidyl-tRNA synthetases another example of a human Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase involved in autoimmune reactions.     

Production, purification and characterization of chitosanase produced by Gongronella sp. JG

AIMS: To optimize the production condition of chitosanases of Gongronella sp. JG and to characterize the major chitosanase. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the optimized medium and culturing condition, strain JG produced 800 micromol min(-1) l(-1) chitosanase activity at 72 h. The major chitosanase - csn1 was purified through three chromatography steps: CM (carboxymethyl)-Sepharose fast flow (FF), Sephacryl S200, SP (sulfopropyl)-Sepharose FF. The molecular weight and the pI value of csn1 were about 90,000 Da and 5 x 8, respectively. Its specific activity was 82 micromol min(-1) mg(-1). The optimal reaction pH for csn1 was between 4 x 6 and 4 x 8. The optimal reaction temperature was 50 degrees C. The half-life of csn1 at 50 degrees C was estimated to be about 65 min. Mn(2+) was a strong stimulator of csn1 activity, both at 1 and 10 mmol l(-1). csn1 showed its highest activity with chitosan of 85% degree of deacetylation, but did not hydrolyse colloidal chitin and carboxylmethyl cellulose. In 20 mmol l(-1) sodium acetate buffer (pH 4 x 8) and at 50 degrees C, the K(m) of csn1 was calculated to be 4 x 5 mg ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS: The production condition of chitosanases by Gongronella JG was optimized and the major chitosanase, csn1, was characterized. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present work for the first time reported the production, purification and characterization of chitosanases produced by fungus of Gongronella sp. These results provided us more information on fungal chitosanases.     

Purification and characterization of chitosanase from Bacillus sp. strain KCTC 0377BP and its application for the production of chitosan oligosaccharides

For the enzymatic production of chitosan oligosaccharides from chitosan, a chitosanase-producing bacterium, Bacillus sp. strain KCTC 0377BP, was isolated from soil. The bacterium constitutively produced chitosanase in a culture medium without chitosan as an inducer. The production of chitosanase was increased from 1.2 U/ml in a minimal chitosan medium to 100 U/ml by optimizing the culture conditions. The chitosanase was purified from a culture supernatant by using CM-Toyopearl column chromatography and a Superose 12HR column for fast-performance liquid chromatography and was characterized according to its enzyme properties. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 45 kDa by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme demonstrated bifunctional chitosanase-glucanase activities, although it showed very low glucanase activity, with less than 3% of the chitosanase activity. Activity of the enzyme increased with an increase of the degrees of deacetylation (DDA) of the chitosan substrate. However, the enzyme still retained 72% of its relative activity toward the 39% DDA of chitosan, compared with the activity of the 94% DDA of chitosan. The enzyme produced chitosan oligosaccharides from chitosan, ranging mainly from chitotriose to chitooctaose. By controlling the reaction time and by monitoring the reaction products with gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography, chitosan oligosaccharides with a desired oligosaccharide content and composition were obtained. In addition, the enzyme was efficiently used for the production of low-molecular-weight chitosan and highly acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides. A gene (csn45) encoding chitosanase was cloned, sequenced, and compared with other functionally related genes. The deduced amino acid sequence of csn45 was dissimilar to those of the classical chitosanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 46 but was similar to glucanases classified with glycoside hydrolase family 8.     

Expression of human ferredoxin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: mitochondrial import of the protein and assembly of the [2Fe-2S] center.

Vertebrate ferredoxins function in the transfer of reducing equivalents from NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase to cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in steroid metabolism. We report here the expression of human mitochondrial ferredoxin in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The full-length ferredoxin protein containing the ferredoxin mitochondrial leader sequence could not be stably expressed in S. cerevisiae, but a fusion protein consisting of the mature portion of ferredoxin linked to the mitochondrial leader sequence of the S. cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va protein (COX5a) could be stably expressed. The COX5a:ferredoxin fusion protein was targeted to the mitochondria as a preprotein and was cleaved at the normal processing site of the COX5a presequence during import into the matrix. Absorption spectra and electron transfer activity of the isolated fusion protein established that the [2Fe-2S] center was correctly assembled and incorporated into the recombinant ferredoxin in this heterologous system.     

Purification and some properties of a novel chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis KH1

One of at least two chitosanases secreted in the culture filtrate of Bacillus subtilis KH1 was purified by two sequential DEAE Sepharose CL-6B chromatographies, followed by Sephacryl S-100 HR gel chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogenous as judged by SDS-PAGE. It showed an estimated molecular weight and pI of 28,000 and 8.3, respectively. The enzyme drastically reduced the viscosity of highly deacetylated chitosan substrates, with the subsequent formation of chitooligosaccharides [(GlcN)(n), n=2-6]. No activity toward carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), chitobiose (GlcN)(2), or chitotriose (GlcN)(3) was detected. Separation and quantification of products of hydrolysis of 10% (w/v) solutions of chitooligosaccharides, (GlcN)(n), n=2-6, by HPLC showed the splitting of (GlcN) (n), n=4-6, in an endo-splitting manner. Oligomers comprising higher units than the starting substrate were also detected, indicating transglycosylation activity. The amino terminal sequence of this enzyme (A-G-L-N-K-D-Q-K-R-R) is identical to that of the chitosanase derived from Bacillus pumilus BN262 and to the deduced amino terminal sequences of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UTK chitosanases.     

Purification and hydrolytic action of a chitosanase from Nocardia orientalis

Chitosanase from the culture filtrate of Nocardia orientalis was purified to apparent homogeneity by precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by CM-Sephadex chromatography, biospecific affinity chromatography on a Sepharose CL-4B with immobilized chitotriose and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The enzyme specifically acted on chitooligosaccharides and chitosan to yield chitobiose and chitotriose as final products. The mode of action of the chitosanase on chitooligosaccharides and their corresponding alcohols suggests that the enzyme requires substrates with four or more glucosamine residues for the expression of activity and its shows maximum activity on chitohexaose and chitoheptaose. In the hydrolysis of chitosans of varying N-acetyl content, the enzyme cleaved about 30% acetylated chitosan with maximum activity and the enzyme activity decreased with increasing the degree of deacetylation of chitosans tested. The analysis of products formed from 33% acetylated chitosan shows the chitosanase is capable of cleaving between glucosamine and glucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine, but not cleaving between N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine. On the basis of the results, the whole pathway of enymatic degradation of partially acetylated chitosan by a combination of chitosanase, exo-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase is proposed.     

MHF组蛋白折叠复合体组分编码基因MHF1过表达对重组酿酒酵母纤维素酶生产的影响

【背景】重组酿酒酵母可用于生产多种药用蛋白和工业酶等外源蛋白,但蛋白分泌水平低是限制其异源蛋白高效生产的重要因素。异源蛋白表达和分泌过程可能会对宿主细胞产生多种胁迫,因此,研究胁迫响应相关基因对重组酵母异源蛋白生产的影响具有重要意义。Mhf1p是MHF组蛋白折叠复合体的组分之一,与DNA损伤修复及维持基因组稳定性有关,但其对异源蛋白生产的作用尚不清楚。【目的】研究MHF1过表达对重组酿酒酵母蛋白生产的影响。【方法】在分泌表达纤维素酶的重组酿酒酵母菌株中利用基于CRISPR-Cas9的基因组编辑技术整合过表达MHF1,分析其对产酶的影响,并探讨影响产酶的分子机理。【结果】与出发菌株相比,过表达MHF1菌株的外切纤维素酶CBH酶活性提高了38%。对过表达MHF1的CBH生产菌株中蛋白合成和分泌途径相关基因转录水平进行检测,发现与对照菌株相比,CBH1基因和与分泌相关的SEC22、ERV29等基因在不同时间点呈现不同程度显著上调。【结论】MHF1过表达可促进酿酒酵母异源外切纤维素酶的生产,并影响外源酶基因和分泌途径基因的表达,可能通过对多基因的协同表达影响促进产酶。     

Degradation of xylan to D-xylose by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae coexpressing the Aspergillus niger beta-xylosidase (xlnD) and the Trichoderma reesei xylanase II (xyn2) genes.

The beta-xylosidase-encoding xlnD gene of Aspergillus niger 90196 was amplified by the PCR technique from first-strand cDNA synthesized on mRNA isolated from the fungus. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA fragment was verified to contain a 2,412-bp open reading frame that encodes a 804-amino-acid propeptide. The 778-amino-acid mature protein, with a putative molecular mass of 85.1 kDa, was fused in frame with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor alpha1 signal peptide (MFalpha1(s)) to ensure correct posttranslational processing in yeast. The fusion protein was designated Xlo2. The recombinant beta-xylosidase showed optimum activity at 60 degrees C and pH 3.2 and optimum stability at 50 degrees C. The K(i(app)) value for D-xylose and xylobiose for the recombinant beta-xylosidase was determined to be 8.33 and 6.41 mM, respectively. The XLO2 fusion gene and the XYN2 beta-xylanase gene from Trichoderma reesei, located on URA3-based multicopy shuttle vectors, were successfully expressed and coexpressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the alcohol dehydrogenase II gene (ADH2) promoter and terminator. These recombinant S. cerevisiae strains produced 1,577 nkat/ml of beta-xylanase activity when expressing only the beta-xylanase and 860 nkat/ml when coexpressing the beta-xylanase with the beta-xylosidase. The maximum beta-xylosidase activity was 5.3 nkat/ml when expressed on its own and 3.5 nkat/ml when coexpressed with the beta-xylanase. Coproduction of the beta-xylanase and beta-xylosidase enabled S. cerevisiae to degrade birchwood xylan to D-xylose.     

Structure and expression of cDNA for D-amino acid oxidase active against cephalosporin C from Fusarium solani

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) was extracted and purified from cultured mycelia of Fusarium solani M-0718 (FERM P-2688). The enzyme was able to oxidatively deaminate cephalosporin C to 7-beta-(5-carboxy-5-oxopentanamido)cephalosporanic acid. Ninety-eight amino acid residues of the F. solani DAO were determined by sequence analysis of 9 peptides derived from Acromobacter protease I digests of the protein. Complementary DNAs encoding F. solani DAO were isolated from the F. solani cDNA library by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the partial amino acid sequences. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the clones revealed a 1,186-nucleotide sequence with a 5'-terminal untranslated region of 41 nucleotides, an open reading frame of 1,083 nucleotides that encoded 361 amino acids, and a 3'-terminal untranslated region of 62 nucleotides. The amino acid sequence of F. solani DAO had 25% homology to that of porcine kidney DAO [EC 1.4.3.3] and 37% homology to that of Trigonopsis variabilis DAO. The constructed plasmid overproduced F. solani DAO in Escherichia coli. The recombinant DAO had almost the same molecular activity as the native DAO against cephalosporin C.