水稻二化螟和三化螟基因组ddRADseq文库的构建

本文介绍了构建水稻二化螟和三化螟"双酶切限制性酶切位点关联DNA测序"(Double digest restrictionsite associated DNA sequencing,ddRADseq)文库的方法。利用安捷伦2100生物分析仪对4种单酶切及2种双酶切的酶切产物片段大小及分布范围进行分析,筛选出Mlu C I和Nla III两种限制性内切酶组合对螟虫基因组DNA进行酶切。酶切后的DNA片段两端连接上特定的P1、P2接头后,用Pippin Prep回收大小为285-435 bp的DNA片段。通过PCR扩增进行文库的富集并引入index序列。构建好的ddRADseq文库用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和生物分析仪进行质量检测。本方法所构建的文库DNA片段长度、分布和摩尔浓度能够达到Illumina平台测序的技术要求。本研究证实了利用Mlu C I和Nla III组合酶切构建水稻螟虫基因组ddRADseq文库的可行性,为在水稻螟虫中利用ddRADseq技术开展生物地理学、种群遗传学和系统发育重建等方面的研究奠定基础。     

鳞翅目基因组IIB型内切酶位点的统计分析

IIB型限制内切酶能够识别并切割特异酶切位点两端特定距离的DNA,形成粘性末端的30 bp左右的等长DNA片段。利用其特性与限制性酶切位点关联测序技术(RAD)相结合发展出2b-RAD简化基因组测序技术,应用于遗传图谱构建、种群遗传结构分析、性状定位以及细菌分型等多种研究领域。构建2b-RAD测序文库之前,需要对基因组中的IIB型限制内切酶位点进行预测与统计分析,制定有效的测序文库构建方案。本文利用Python语言构建分析基因组中IIB型限制内切酶位点的流程,预测并统计6个鳞翅目代表物种基因组含有的8个商业化IIB型限制内切酶的酶切位点,比较了各个基因组与IIB型限制内切酶之间含有的酶切位点总量、重复序列数量以及酶切间隔长度的关系,为在昆虫基因组中进一步试行2b-RAD研究提供了参考。     

RAD-seq技术在基因组研究中的现状及展望

Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)技术是在二代测序基础上发展起来的一项基于全基因组酶切位点的简化基因组测序技术。该方法技术流程简单, 不受有无参考基因组的限制, 可大大简化基因组的复杂性, 减少实验费用, 通过一次测序就可以获得数以万计的多态性标记。目前, RAD-seq技术已成功应用于超高密度遗传图谱的构建、重要性状的精细定位、辅助基因组序列组装、群体基因组学以及系统发生学等基因组研究热点领域。文章主要介绍了RAD-seq的技术原理、技术发展及其在基因组研究中的广泛应用。鉴于RAD-seq方法的独特性, 该技术必将在复杂基因组研究领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

利用烟草基因组DNA构建近随机多肽文库

介绍一种新的方法构建近随机多肽文库。选取从大基因组物种的组织或细胞中提取的基因组DNA ,利用切割频率高的限制性内切酶切割 ,产生的短片段可以近似地认为是随机序列的片段 ,将它们与匹配的载体连接后转化进宿主细胞进行表达 ,从而获得近随机多肽文库。这样的文库可以用于蛋白质相互作用的研究。同一种基因组DNA可以利用不同的酶切 ,再分别连接到表达载体的不同读码框架 ,从而产生不同编码序列的多种近随机多肽文库。介绍了充分利用烟草基因组DNA构建两种不同酶切 ,三种读码框架 ,共六种不同编码序列的近随机多肽文库的方法。     

构建丝状真菌大片段基因组文库载体DNA的制备

载体DNA的制备是构建大片段基因组文库的关键步骤之一,高质量载体DNA受到酶切、脱磷等因素的影响,以载体pBHYG为材料,优化了限制性内切酶胁HindⅢ酶切和小牛肠碱性磷酸酶(CLAP)脱磷的作用条件,并在T4连接酶作用下自连,通过胶回收纯化制备了可用于进一步构建大片段基因组文库的线性载体DNA。     

甲基营养菌MP681基因组测序文库的构建

目的:建立甲基营养菌MP681基因组文库,用于鸟枪法测序。方法:提取MP681基因组DNA,经超声随机片段化及T4 DNA聚合酶末端修平处理后,与经SmaⅠ酶切、小牛肠碱性磷酸酶(CIP)去磷酸化处理的pUC19载体连接,电击转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态,并通过末端双向测序对文库质量进行评价。结果:分别构建了2～4 kb和4～6 kb基因组文库,电泳结果显示插入片段长度与预期符合,文库库容均在10万以上。结论:构建了插入片段大小和库容符合要求的甲基营养菌MP681全基因组鸟枪法2～4 kb、4～6 kb测序文库。     

古DNA单链测序文库的建立与检测北大核心CSCD

2005年问世的第二代测序技术在古DNA领域的应用,突破了第一代测序技术在绝灭或死亡生物全基因组获取手段上的局限。借助古基因组信息,研究者能够从更为系统的实时分子证据角度,解读诸如人类起源、大型绝灭哺乳动物迁移演化、动植物家养驯化以及早期人类社会生活模式等古生物学、遗传学与演化生物学问题。引入第二代测序技术之后,传统的古DNA研究方法及流程得以改变,剔除了原有的实验流程中耗时的分子克隆步骤,引入了与第二代测序技术紧密相关的古DNA单链测序文库构建环节。古DNA单链测序文库的构建,是将古DNA双链模板变性成单链后,通过向单链古DNA两端添加人工DNA片段,将古DNA分子转变成能被测序仪识别的文库分子。针对古DNA分子微量、高度片段化以及普遍存在碱基损伤的特点,古DNA单链测序文库,能够高效获取古DNA材料中的遗传信息。本文系统介绍古DNA单链测序文库建立流程,以及对文库质量进行检测的方法,为研究者运用第二代测序技术测定绝灭或死亡生物全基因组提供方法借鉴。     

古DNA单链测序文库的建立与检测

2005年问世的第二代测序技术在古DNA领域的应用,突破了第一代测序技术在绝灭或死亡生物全基因组获取手段上的局限。借助古基因组信息,研究者能够从更为系统的实时分子证据角度,解读诸如人类起源、大型绝灭哺乳动物迁移演化、动植物家养驯化以及早期人类社会生活模式等古生物学、遗传学与演化生物学问题。引入第二代测序技术之后,传统的古DNA研究方法及流程得以改变,剔除了原有的实验流程中耗时的分子克隆步骤,引入了与第二代测序技术紧密相关的古DNA单链测序文库构建环节。古DNA单链测序文库的构建,是将古DNA双链模板变性成单链后,通过向单链古DNA两端添加人工DNA片段,将古DNA分子转变成能被测序仪识别的文库分子。针对古DNA分子微量、高度片段化以及普遍存在碱基损伤的特点,古DNA单链测序文库,能够高效获取古DNA材料中的遗传信息。本文系统介绍古DNA单链测序文库建立流程,以及对文库质量进行检测的方法,为研究者运用第二代测序技术测定绝灭或死亡生物全基因组提供方法借鉴。     

洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌HMW DNA的制备及酶切研究

高质量粘粒基因组文库构建的关键是HMW DNA的长度至少为粘粒载体容量的10倍,通常粘粒载体的容量为30～50 kb,因此提取的HMW DNA应不小于500 kb.HMW DNA在制备时不能受到任何物理的剪切力,以免DNA断裂和损伤.利用琼脂糖凝胶包埋制备的DNA胶块经裂解和纯化后发现其DNA长度远大于500 kb,明显优于商品化试剂盒提取和酚抽提法.用BamHⅠ、Sau3AⅠ、XbaⅠ和HindⅢ对DNA胶块进行不完全酶切研究表明,构建文库常用的Sau3AⅠ并不适合胶块内酶切反应,而BamHⅠ酶切B.cepacia HMW-DNA效果较好,产生的DNA片段集中在20～50 kb之间,完全适合粘粒基因组文库的构建,为B.cepacia大插入片段基因组文库的构建以及功能基因组的研究奠定了良好的理论基础.     

杜氏盐藻硝酸盐还原酶基因5′上游序列的克隆与功能分析

目的:克隆杜氏盐藻硝酸盐还原酶（NR）基因5′上游序列序列,并对其功能进行分析。方法: 利用BamHI、EcoRI、HindIII、PstI、SalI、Xbal 6种限制性内切酶分别酶切盐藻基因组DNA,并与接头连接,构建成盐藻基因组步行文库。采用 LA-PCR方法,从上述盐藻步行基因组文库中扩增NR基因5′上游序列序列,测序并进行分析。为检测其表达特性,构建了该片段与GUS 嵌合基因的表达载体pNR-GUS, 通过电击法将所构建的重组表达载体转化盐藻,组织化学染色法观察GUS的表达。结果: 从盐藻基因组步行文库中扩增出约1200bp特异片段,序列分析表明5′上游序列含有启动子的特征性序列。GUS瞬时表达染色结果显示,该DNA 片段具有硝酸盐诱导和铵抑制的启动子活性。结论：所克隆的盐藻的5′上游序列可能是一种具有"开关"活性的可控性启动子。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.