新结构硫脲类化合物的合成、鉴定及抑菌活性评价（英文）

【目的】合成具有抗菌活性的新结构硫脲类化合物。【方法】通过α-异硫氰酸酯中间体与不同伯胺缩合合成硫脲类化合物,利用质谱、核磁分析鉴定结构,并评价其抑菌活性。【结果】合成了六种新结构的硫脲类化合物以及一种α-异硫氰酸酯类衍生物,对几种代表性病原细菌和真菌具有抑菌活性。其中,硫脲类化合物对新型隐球菌的抑制效果较为显著。【结论】通过不同结构硫脲类衍生物的合成,可能筛选出具有抑制新型隐球菌等致病菌的前体化合物。     

小檗碱抗新生隐球菌活性和作用机制

【目的】研究小檗碱对新生隐球菌的抗菌活性及其作用机制。【方法】采用微量肉汤稀释法测定小檗碱对新生隐球菌标准菌株和临床分离菌株的最小抑菌浓度,通过棋盘法测定小檗碱与氟康唑、两性霉素B的协同作用,测定小檗碱对隐球菌重要毒力因子的表达,以及对巨噬细胞和隐球菌互作的影响,采用隐球菌感染大蜡螟模型测定小檗碱的体内杀菌活性。【结果】小檗碱是一种杀真菌化合物,在测试的菌株中,最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)范围为8-16μg/mL。亚致死剂量小檗碱能够抑制隐球菌荚膜大小、产黑色素能力和有性生殖能力,并能增强巨噬细胞的杀菌能力。锌指转录因子Nrg1介导了上述重要的过程。在隐球菌感染动物模型中,小檗碱能够延长感染大蜡螟的存活时间。【结论】小檗碱在体内外具有优异的抗隐球菌活性,有望作为抗隐球菌药物开发的起始化合物。     

昆仑雪菊挥发油化学成分及对新生隐球菌抗菌作用

【目的】探究昆仑雪菊挥发油对新生隐球菌抗菌活性及细胞膜的影响。【方法】采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取昆仑雪菊挥发油并用GC-MS分析挥发油中的化学成分,采用微量稀释法测定昆仑雪菊挥发油对新生隐球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),研究昆仑雪菊挥发油对新生隐球菌生物量和芽管萌发的影响,以及昆仑雪菊挥发油对细胞膜中麦角固醇合成和细胞膜渗透性的作用。【结果】昆仑雪菊挥发油对隐球菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.781μL/m L,昆仑雪菊挥发油对新生隐球菌的生物量和芽管萌发都有一定的抑制作用,其抑制作用与浓度呈正相关的趋势。昆仑雪菊挥发油能减少新生隐球菌细胞膜中麦角固醇的合成,并使新生隐球菌细胞膜的渗透性发生改变。【结论】昆仑雪菊挥发油通过破坏新生隐球菌细胞膜而对其达到抑制作用。     

靶向铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)粘肽合成酶PBP3的抗菌先导化合物的虚拟筛选及活性研究

【目的】开发出与铜绿假单胞菌粘肽合成酶PBP3有高亲和力,具有全新结构的先导化合物。【方法】以铜绿假单胞菌粘肽合成酶PBP3为靶点,通过分子对接软件DOCK6.5,对含有104万个小分子化合物的数据库进行了大规模虚拟筛选,选取结构相对简单的中选化合物进行合成,得到先导化合物,并验证其抑菌活性。【结果】通过grid score进行第一轮初筛,筛选出grid score分值小于–30 kcal/mol的6万个化合物,接着以amber score进行第二轮筛选,筛出amber score分值小于–20 kcal/mol的化合物约200个。最终,经过观察分析,从中挑选出4种打分高并且结构新颖的小分子化合物作为先导化合物。合成出的先导化合物及其衍生物对铜绿假单胞菌等常见微生物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)在175–275μg/m L之间,对革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均有效,MIC值比作为阳性对照的磺胺嘧啶更低,说明先导化合物具有较好的抗菌活性。【结论】这些先导化合物可以进一步开发为新型抗菌药物,用于解决铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性问题。     

衍生合成七种氮杂糖成分及其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶构效关系分析

以白树(Suregada glomerulata)中分离得到的五个氮杂糖成分为底物,在其N上衍生合成,分析N上衍生基团对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的影响。分别合成了N-甲基化、N,N-二甲基化、N-丁基化和N-氧化衍生物,体外测试化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。合成了7个未见文献报道的目标化合物,结构经1HNMR、13CNMR和MS确证。初步药理结果显示,所有衍生物均未见增强α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。N-取代基对活性的影响较大;化合物5属于N,N-二取代衍生物,仍具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,值得进一步研究。     

利用亮氨酸和赖氨酸设计新型α-螺旋抗菌肽

【目的】根据螺旋轮模型设计以亮氨酸(L)为疏水面,赖氨酸(K)为亲水面的新型α-螺旋抗菌肽LK,并对该抗菌肽的生物学活性进行检测。【方法】利用圆二色光谱分析LK的二级结构,同时,评价LK的抑菌活性、稳定性和细胞选择性。【结果】在模拟细胞膜的环境中LK呈α-螺旋型结构。LK对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌有很强的抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)在2-4μmol/L之间。LK具有很强的酸碱盐稳定性。肽浓度为2-4μmol/L时,LK表现出较低的溶血活性和细胞毒性。【结论】根据螺旋轮模型结构,以疏水性的L和正电荷性的K设计的新型抗菌肽LK具有较高的细胞选择性及稳定性,具有替代抗生素的发展潜力。     

斑蝥素类衍生物对粘虫胃毒活性及解毒酶系的影响

【目的】筛选斑蝥素衍生物,寻找高效、低毒、低残留的新型化合物研发杀虫剂。【方法】采用生物测定和酶活性测定方法,对100种斑蝥素类衍生物进行筛选,采用叶碟饲喂法测定其对粘虫3龄幼虫的胃毒活性;测定亚致死剂量下试虫体内解毒酶系的活性变化。【结果】通过生物测定发现斑蝥素衍生物Ⅰ-7~#和Ⅳ-13~#的杀虫活性优于去甲斑蝥素,Ⅰ-7~#与斑蝥素对粘虫的胃毒LC_(50)值相近,其LC_(50)分别为49.818mg/m L和43.677mg/m L。酶活性测定结果表明:斑蝥素、斑蝥素衍生物去甲斑蝥素、Ⅰ-7~#和Ⅳ-13~#对粘虫解毒酶系酶比活力均有不同程度的影响,其中对细胞色素P450酶比活力有明显的抑制活性,对羧酸酯酶比活力有不同程度的激活作用,而对谷胱甘肽S-转移酶比活力大体表现出先激活后抑制的活性。【结论】斑蝥素衍生物Ⅰ-7~#和Ⅳ-13~#对鳞翅目害虫有较强杀虫活性,具有作为生物源农药加以开发利用的价值。     

红海榄根际土壤来源的泡盛曲霉（Aspergillus awamori）F12及其代谢产物的抗菌活性分析

摘要：【目的】鉴定一株来自于红海榄根际土壤并具有分泌抑菌活性代谢产物的真菌菌株F12,并从其发酵液乙酸乙酯浸膏中分离抑菌活性成分。【方法】通过形态学观察以及ITS序列分析方法对菌株F12进行鉴定;利用色谱技术分离发酵液乙酸乙酯浸膏中的次生代谢产物,根据化合物的质谱、氢谱、碳谱以及理化性质确定其结构,并检测它们对细菌生长的抑制作用。【结果】菌株F12被鉴定为Aspergillus awamori strain F12;从其发酵液乙酸乙酯浸膏中分离到3种化合物：1,4-二甲氧基苯（1）、大黄素（2）和3,6-二苯甲基哌嗪-2,5-二酮（3）,其中化合物1属于在本属真菌中首次报道。化合物2对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长具有明显的抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为16ng/L和32ng/L,化合物1和3对上述菌株的生长无明显的抑制活性。【结论】首次发现从红海榄根际土壤中分离到的泡盛曲霉（Aspergillus awamori）菌株F12具有合成1,4-二甲氧基苯和大黄素的能力,其中后者对微生物的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

基于超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱、天然产物词典和活性筛选的艾纳香内生真菌次生代谢产物

【背景】植物内生真菌是天然活性小分子的重要来源,但由于种类繁多,导致寻找结构新颖、活性强的化合物非常困难,重复分离已成为制约新型药源小分子发掘的瓶颈。【目的】综合各种技术,快速寻找目标活性次生代谢产物。【方法】通过对菌株分子鉴定、天然产物词典(dictionaryofnatural products,DNP)数据库检索、超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱(ultraperformanceliquidchromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTof-MS)分析、滤纸片法抑菌实验和色谱技术跟踪获得活性单体化合物。运用质谱和单晶衍射技术对化合物结构进行鉴定,96孔板法对单体化合物进行活性评价。【结果】分离鉴定出11株艾纳香内生真菌,筛选出一株各方面表现良好的艾纳香内生菌菌株Diaporthe sp.,从其大米培养基中获得一个单体化合物Cytochalasin H,活性评价显示其对枯草芽孢杆菌具有很好的抑制活性,MIC值为32μg/mL。【结论】将多种筛选技术相结合的方法应用于艾纳香内生真菌活性代谢产物的发掘,为快速寻找活性先导化合物提供了很好的借鉴。     

紫色红曲霉Mp-21胞内次级代谢产物的分离纯化与活性研究

【目的】紫色红曲霉(Monascus purpureus) Mp-21胞内次级代谢产物的分离纯化与活性研究。【方法】通过综合运用多种色谱分离方法对次级代谢产物进行分离纯化,最后通过多种图谱数据对化合物进行结构的解析与鉴定。对分离纯化得到的单体化合物进行抗氧化与降血糖相关酶抑制活性的测定。【结果】从紫色红曲霉Mp-21胞内分离纯化并鉴定出3个活性化合物baicalein (1)、genistein (2)、glycitein (3),其中化合物1为首次从红曲菌科中发现,化合物2和3为首次从紫色红曲霉中发现。在体外抗氧化和抑制酶活性试验中,化合物1对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、O2–、OH–自由基具有较强的清除能力,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶也具有较强的抑制作用,IC50分别为5.67、17.46、36.40、30.94、430.93μg/mL。【结论】紫色红曲霉Mp-21具有开发成抗氧化、降血糖等功能性食品的潜力。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.