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海藻糖载入血小板的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
将不可渗透型的保护剂海藻糖有效地载入血小板内部是用冷冻干燥法保存血小板重要的第一步。研究血小板对海藻糖的载入量随外部海藻糖浓度、孵化时间、孵化温度改变的变化规律,发现在细胞外海藻糖浓度为50mmol/L、孵化温度37℃、孵化时间4h的条件下,血小板能有效地吸收海藻糖,细胞内海藻糖浓度达到15mmol/L以上。对孵化后的血小板进行形态观察、血液学分析和膜联蛋白(annexin)V结合活化分析,结果表明孵化后的血小板保持了正常血小板的形态和功能。 相似文献
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【目的】本研究旨在通过分析化学修饰剂对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera可溶型海藻糖酶活性的影响,以明确海藻糖酶活性中心的结构特点和氨基酸构成。【方法】采用化学修饰方法,测定不同修饰剂处理后棉铃虫5龄幼虫海藻糖酶催化活性的变化,进而通过化学修饰反应失活常数来推测酶活性中心的特定氨基酸残基数量。【结果】采用8 mmol/L水溶性碳二亚胺(carbodiimide,EDC)溶液和25 mmol/L苯甲酰甲醛(phenylglyoxal,PG)溶液分别对棉铃虫5龄幼虫海藻糖酶羧酸基团和精氨酸残基进行修饰后,其活性分别减少81.58%和54.14%,这表明对羧酸基团和精氨酸残基的修饰可有效抑制海藻糖酶活性。底物海藻糖可保护海藻糖酶不受修饰剂的影响。修饰动力学结果显示,海藻糖酶活性中心可能包含1个羧酸基团和2个精氨酸残基。【结论】结果表明,含有羧基的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸是海藻糖酶活性中心的催化残基,精氨酸是维持海藻糖酶活性的必要残基。本研究结果可为开发新型农药提供理论支持。 相似文献
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本实验目的是研究海藻糖对微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶(TGase)热稳定性的作用。糖类对TGase的保护作用根据糖种类不同有所差异,海藻糖和蔗糖的保护作用优于葡萄糖对TGase的保护作用。在45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃下研究了海藻糖对TG酶的保护作用。结果表明,在50~65℃下海藻糖使谷氨酰胺转胺酶受热时的稳定性提高了约20%。海藻糖与酶复合的最合适浓度约为14%,浓度低时保护作用不明显,加入过高浓度的糖对酶的活性维持不利。50℃下处理一段时间内,海藻糖对酶的保护作用随时问变化很小。 相似文献
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海藻糖(trehalose)作为一种保护剂,其安全性是一项重要的质量指标。本文通过对酵母中提取的海藻糖进行最大耐受量、急性毒性及过敏性的研究,证明海藻糖对动物无毒无害,无副作用,从而推测出海灌糖在人体全地产生不良反应,即是安全的。 相似文献
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Characterization of SotA and SotB, two Erwinia chrysanthemi proteins which modify isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside and lactose induction of the Escherichia coli lac promoter 下载免费PDF全文
Condemine G 《Journal of bacteriology》2000,182(5):1340-1345
The expression, in Escherichia coli, of variants of the Erwinia chrysanthemi secretion genes outB and outS under the Ptac promoter is toxic to the cells. During attempts to clone E. chrysanthemi genes able to suppress this toxicity, I identified two genes, sotA and sotB, whose products are able to reduce the isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction of the E. coli lac promoter. SotA and SotB belong to two different families of the major facilitator superfamily. SotA is a member of the sugar efflux transporter family, while SotB belongs to the multidrug efflux family. The results presented here suggest that SotA and SotB are sugar efflux pumps. SotA reduces the intracellular concentration of IPTG, lactose, and arabinose. SotB reduces the concentration of IPTG, lactose, and melibiose. Expression of sotA and sotB is not regulated by their substrates, but sotA is activated by the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), while sotB is repressed by CRP. Lactose is weakly toxic for E. chrysanthemi. This toxicity is increased in a sotB mutant which cannot efficiently efflux lactose. This first evidence for a physiological role of sugar efflux proteins suggests that their function could be to reduce the intracellular concentration of toxic sugars or sugar metabolites. 相似文献
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Powders of edible leguminous seeds, greengram (Vigna radiata) or soybean (Glycine max), were used as the major protein source with different combinations of soluble starch and/or cane sugar molasses as the major carbohydrate source for the production of delta-endotoxin by Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis serotype 1 in submerged fermentation. The primary product (lyophilized with 6 g of lactose) yield was 8.7 to 9.1 g/liter from media with dehusked greengram powder and 9.7 to 10.3 g/liter from media with defatted soybean powder in basal medium. The toxicity of primary products was assayed against fifth-instar Bombyx mori larvae by force-feeding. The primary product from the medium containing defatted soybean powder and soluble starch gave a maximum viable spore count of 91.3 x 10(6)/mg, with a corresponding potency of 35,800 IU/mg, whereas the medium containing dehusked greengram powder and cane sugar molasses gave a spore count of 49.5 x 10(6)/mg, with a highest potency of 38,300 IU/mg. Either legume protein in combination with cane sugar molasses yielded primary product 2.1 to 2.4 times more potent than the U.S. standard. The combined carbohydrate source consisting of soluble starch and cane sugar molasses, irrespective of the source of protein in the media, drastically reduced delta-endotoxin production, thereby reducing the potency of the primary products compared to the U.S. standard. 相似文献
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Triguéros V Wang M Père D Paquereau L Chavant L Fournier D 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2000,45(4):175-179
Lectins from plants present an insecticidal activity most probably through their carbohydrate binding properties; as a consequence, their toxicity should vary with the presence of a competitive sugar in the ingested food. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed competition experiments between insecticidal activity and carbohydrate binding. For this purpose, we used a lectin from Lathyrus ochrus and the specific carbohydrate for this protein, glucose. In toxicological tests with Drosophila melanogaster, we observed a decrease of lectin toxicity when glucose was added to the larva-rearing medium. This result suggests that the toxicity of the lectin is correlated to its ability to bind sugar in the insect digestive tract and stresses the importance of sugar composition of the nutriment used for toxicological testing of lectins or in genetically modified plants. 相似文献
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A. V. Podkorytova L. H. Vafina E. A. Kovaleva V. I. Mikhailov 《Journal of applied phycology》2007,19(6):827-830
Alginic acid is localised in the cell walls and intercellular spaces of the brown alga, Laminaria japonica Aresch., and the salts of this compound occur mainly as calcium alginates. However, the alginates in this alga do not have
the viscosity and the ability to create and stabilise structural products. Hence, the structure and properties of the alginates
in Laminaria were changed by chemical modification to produce new products such as sodium alginates and other substances capable of forming
gels. The rheological properties of the algal gel from Laminaria depended on the properties of the sodium alginate. Heating the algal product up to 90°C did not change its physical and chemical
properties; the viscosity did not differ from that of the initial product. The viscosity and molecular weight of the sodium
alginate isolated from the algal gel were stable from 20°C up to 95°C. However, about 30% of the viscosity was lost at 100°C.
Recipes and various methods of preparing the gel products as fish sauces, jelly-like fish products, fruit jellies, drinks,
cosmetic and pharmaceutical products are presented. The algal gel and the gel products did not lose their integrity with heat
processing.
Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Applied Phycology, Manila, Philippines. 相似文献
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Beekeepers apply various dusts to honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies to dislodge parasitic mites and control bacterial brood diseases. Anecdotal reports by beekeepers indicate that the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) can be toxic when applied in powdered sugar to cells containing immature bee brood, but it was not known whether the purported toxicity is caused by the antibiotic or the sugar carrier. Additionally, the toxicity of various dusts, proposed for parasitic mite control, is poorly known. In the current studies, we tested OTC and two other antibiotics (tylosin and lincomycin, candidate compounds for use in honey bee colonies) in a powdered sugar carrier for larval toxicity. We also tested for larval toxicity, several dusts that have been proposed for mite control. OTC caused significant brood mortality of approximately 80% at the concentrations used in the hive (200 mg in 20 g sugar). In contrast, tylosin and lincomycin at the 200 mg dose were both similar to untreated controls, and only five times that concentration (1000 mg) caused significant brood mortality of approximately 65%. The addition of dusts, wheat flour, talc, and a commercially available protein supplement, BeePro, resulted in mortality levels between 65 and 80%, similar to that seen with OTC. The common antibiotic carrier, powered confectioners sugar, was nontoxic. The use of 100 unsealed brood cells was demonstrated to be a reliable means of assessing potential adverse affects of dry compounds on larval honey bees. Two new candidate antibiotics for use in honey bee colonies were less toxic to larval bees than the currently labeled antibiotic, OTC. 相似文献
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Abrus pulchellus seeds contain at least seven closely related and highly toxic type 2 ribosome-inactivating pulchellins, each consisting of a toxic A-chain linked to a sugar binding B-chain. In the present study, four pulchellin isoforms (termed P I, P II, P III and P IV) were isolated by affinity, ion exchange and chromatofocusing chromatographies, and investigated with respect to toxicity and sugar binding specificity. Half maximal inhibitory concentration and median lethal dose values indicate that P I and P II have similar toxicities and that both are more toxic to cultured HeLa cells and mice than P III and P IV. Interestingly, the secondary structural characteristics and sugar binding properties of the respective pairs of isoforms correlate well with the two toxicity levels, in that P I/P II and P III/P IV form two specific subgroups. From the deduced amino acids sequences of the four isoforms, it is clear that the highest similarity within each subgroup is found to occur within domain 2 of the B-chains, suggesting that the disparity in toxicity levels might be attributed to subtle differences in B-chain-mediated cell surface interactions that precede and determine toxin uptake pathways. 相似文献
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Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Ezeji Nasib Qureshi Hans Peter Blaschek 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2013,36(1):109-116
Acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) was produced in an integrated continuous one-stage fermentation and gas stripping product recovery system using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 and fermentation gases (CO2 and H2). In this system, the bioreactor was fed with a concentrated sugar solution (250–500 g L?1 glucose). The bioreactor was bled semi-continuously to avoid accumulation of inhibitory chemicals and products. The continuous system was operated for 504 h (21 days) after which the fermentation was intentionally terminated. The bioreactor produced 461.3 g ABE from 1,125.0 g total sugar in 1 L culture volume as compared to a control batch process in which 18.4 g ABE was produced from 47.3 g sugar. These results demonstrate that ABE fermentation can be operated in an integrated continuous one-stage fermentation and product recovery system for a long period of time, if butanol and other microbial metabolites in the bioreactor are kept below threshold of toxicity. 相似文献
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Comparisons of the toxicities of field-weathered residues of insecticides to adult femaleEuseius addoensis addoensis (McMurtry) were conducted by bioassay using leaf disks. The products tested are registered for the control of certain insect pests on citrus in South Africa. The treatments which caused the highest mortality, in order of decreasing toxicity, were: methiocarb plus sugar, cypermethrin plus profenofos, fenpropathrin plus phenthoate, methomyl, methidathion, phenthoate, prothiofos plus oil, and profenofos. Most of these treatments also had prolonged residual effects. Endosulfan, which caused only intermediate mortality to adult female mites, had a very persistent residue. Sublethal effects of insecticide residues on mite fecundity were negligible in most cases. 相似文献
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Shevchenko NM Anastiuk SD Gerasimenko NI Dmitrenok PS Isakov VV Zviagintseva TN 《Bioorganicheskaia khimiia》2007,33(1):96-107
Polysaccharide and lipid composition of the Pacific brown seaweed Laminaria gurjanovae is determined. Alginic acid is shown to be the main polysaccharide of its biomass (about 28%); it consists of mannuronic and guluronic acid residues at a ratio of 3 : 1. The yield of water-soluble polymannuronic acid is low and does not exceed 1.1% of dry biomass. High laminaran content (about 22%) is found, whereas the yield of fucoidan is no more than 3.6%. Laminaran consists of two fractions, soluble and insoluble in cold water, their ratio is 2.5 : 1. Practically, insoluble laminaran is a linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan, and the soluble fraction was shown to be 1,3;1,6- 3-D-glucan. The oligosaccharide products of desulfation or partial acidic hydrolysis of fucoidan were studied by MALDI TOF MS; they were found to be fuco- and galactooligosaccharides. The fucoidan is suggested to be a highly sulfated partially acetylated galactofucan (Fuc/Gal is -1 : 1). The main lipid components of the dried L. gurjanovae are neutral lipids and glyceroglycolipids, whereas phospholipids are found in minor amounts. The main fatty acid components of lipids are 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1 n-7, 18 : 1 n-7, and 18 : 2 n-6 acids. 相似文献
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In an effort to explore the contribution of the sugar constituents of pharmaceutically relevant glycosylated natural products, chemists have developed glycosylation methods for the generation of 'glycorandomized' libraries. Each member of these libraries is uniquely differentiated by an attached carbohydrate. Recently, two complementary glycorandomization strategies have emerged: chemoenzymatic glycorandomization, a biocatalytic approach dependent upon the substrate promiscuity of enzymes to activate and attach sugars to natural products, and neoglycorandomization, an efficient one-step chemical sugar ligation reaction that does not require prior sugar protection or activation. These strategies are likely to have a significant impact on fundamental glycoscience and drug discovery. 相似文献