RNA 干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α逆转肺癌细胞耐药性

目的:观察RNA干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)对肺癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法:构建靶向HIF-1α小干扰RNA基因,并转染到人肺腺癌耐顺铂细胞株A549/DDP细胞中。逆转录聚合酶链反应RT-PCR)检测细胞的HIF-1α、多药耐药基因1(MDR-1)以多药耐药相关蛋白基因(MRP)mRNA变化,免疫细胞化学法观察干扰后HIF-1α、P-糖蛋白以及MRP蛋白的变化。MTT法检测不同浓度的顺铂作用下细胞死亡率。结果:HIF-1αsiRNA组中HIF-1α、MDR-1、MRP mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05),且蛋白水平也显著下降(P<0.05)。HIF-1αsiRNA组细胞死亡率较未转染组均明显增高(P<0.05),转染siRNA阴性组不影响肿瘤细胞的耐药性。结论:HIF-1αsiRNA可显著降低A549/DDP细胞中HIF-1α、MDR-1、MRP表达,从而起到逆转肺腺癌A549/DDP细胞的耐药作用。     

沉默BCAT1对肺癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响

目的:研究BCAT1在肺癌细胞A549的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力中的作用。方法:通过小干扰RNA(si RNA)沉默A549细胞中BCAT1的表达,细胞分为对照组(Con)、BCAT1基因沉默组(si RNA-BCAT1)和si RNA阴性对照组(si RNA-NC)。利用Western blot检测si RNA对BCAT1的沉默效果;划痕愈合实验检测沉默BCAT1后A549细胞迁移能力的改变;Transwell小室侵袭实验检测沉默BCAT1后A549细胞侵袭能力的变化;MTT实验检测沉默BCAT1对A549细胞增殖能力的影响。结果:与Con组相比,si RNA-BCAT1组的BCAT1蛋白表达明显降低(P0.05),细胞划痕愈合率明显降低(P0.05),能够穿膜的细胞数明显减少(P0.05),而Con组和si RNA-BCAT1组细胞的增殖能力比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:沉默BCAT1抑制A549细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,而对其增殖能力无影响。     

Egr-1基因沉默对A549细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的:探讨Egr-1基因沉默对人肺腺癌A549细胞放射敏感性的影响。方法:选用A549细胞株作为研究对象,将其分成A、B、C三组,即空白对照组(只加入RPMI-1640培养)、阴性对照组(加入LV3-NC-sh RNA)、实验组(加入EGR1-homo-2294-sh RNA),采用慢病毒介导的sh RNA干扰技术使实验组细胞Egr-1基因沉默表达。利用荧光显微镜、自动化荧光定量细胞成像分析系统分析sh RNA转染,利用FQ-PCR分析Egr-1表达,再利用细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞放射敏感性参数的差异。结果:慢病毒介导的sh RNA成功转染阴性对照组、实验组细胞;空白对照组与阴性对照组Egr-1表达无差异(P0.05),实验组与空白对照组、阴性对照组比较Egr-1均受到明显抑制(P0.05);克隆形成实验中细胞放射敏感性参数D0、SF2实验组细胞与空白对照组、阴性对照组比较均存在明显差异(P0.05)。结论:Egr-1基因沉默使A549细胞放射敏感性降低,Egr-1表达可能与肿瘤细胞对放射的敏感性有关。     

RNA干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α逆转肺癌细胞耐药性

目的：观察RNA干扰沉默缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）对肺癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法：构建靶向HIF-1α小干扰RNA基因,并转染到人肺腺癌耐顺铂细胞株A549／DDP细胞中。逆转录聚合酶链反应RT—PCR）检测细胞的HIF-1α、多药耐药基因-（MDR-1）以多药耐药相关蛋白基因（MRP）mRNA变化,免疫细胞化学法观察干扰后HIF-1α、P-糖蛋白以及MRP蛋白的变化。MTT法检测不同浓度的顺铂作用下细胞死亡率。结果：HIF-1αsiRNA组中H1F-1α、MDR—1、MRPmRNA水平显著降低（P〈0．05）。且蛋白水平也显著下降（P〈0．05）。HIF-1αsiRNA组细胞死亡率较未转染组均明显增高（P〈0．05）,转染siRNA阴性组不影响肿瘤细胞的耐药性。结论：HIF-1αsiRNA可显著降低A549／DDP细胞中H1F-1α、MDR-1、MRP表达,从而起到逆转肺腺癌A549／DDP细胞的耐药作用。     

RNAi干扰WDR79基因对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制效应

通过RNA干扰技术沉默端粒酶关键组分WDR79的表达,采用PCR法、Western blot、免疫荧光共聚焦、Southern blot、MTT、流式细胞术(FCM)分别检测WDR79 siRNA瞬时转染A549细胞后WDR79基因和蛋白的表达水平、端粒酶和端粒的结合情况和端粒长度变化、细胞生长增殖变化、细胞周期的变化及细胞凋亡率,探讨该基因的沉默表达对A549细胞的抑制作用。结果表明,WDR79 siRNA瞬时转染A549细胞显著降低WDR79 mRNA及蛋白水平(P0.05),端粒和端粒酶的结合水平明显减少(P0.05),细胞增殖的活力被抑制(P0.05),干扰后停留在S期的细胞减少(P0.05),停留在G1期的细胞增多(P0.05)。提示WDR79 siRNA的瞬时转染可显著降低WDR79基因及蛋白的表达,并有抑制肺腺癌A549细胞的生物学效应,进一步探索了WDR79基因在肿瘤发生发展中的重要作用,并在为肺癌的治疗中寻找更有效的靶点提供了实验证据。     

基于RNA干扰CMTM7 对肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨基于RNA干扰CMTM7对肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡的影响。方法:选择肺腺癌A549细胞株分为si RNA组、阴性对照组与空白对照组,在对数生长的A549细胞中转染RNA干扰CMTM7载体、脂质体空载体和不进行转染,观察A549细胞的生长、凋亡与细胞周期状况。结果:MTT实验显示si RNA转染组的抑制率明显高于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P0.05),阴性对照组与空白对照组的对比无明显差异(P0.05)。流式细胞术实验表明si RNA转染组的细胞凋亡率明显高于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P0.05),阴性对照组与空白对照组的对比无明显差异(P0.05)。流式细胞术实验表明si RNA转染组的G0/G1期细胞数目较阴性对照组和空白对照组增多明显(P0.05),同时si RNA转染组的S、G2/M期细胞数目较阴性对照组和空白对照组明显减少(P0.05),阴性对照组和空白对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:RNA干扰CMTM7能够促进肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,其作用机制可能通过干扰细胞周期而实现。     

敲低Drosha基因可抑制人胃癌HGC-27细胞的迁移和侵袭

为了探讨抑制人胃癌细胞核糖核酸酶Ⅲ家族成员Drosha蛋白的表达对胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响及其与转染效率浓度梯度依赖的关系,本研究通过质粒构建的方法,采用Crispr-Cas9基因编辑网站设计针对敲除人Drosha基因的单guide RNA (gRNA)序列;利用转染试剂Lipo2000浓度梯度(2μL, 3μL, 5μL)依赖的方式将单g RNA质粒及阴性对照转染入胃癌HGC-27细胞中;利用实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR)检测阴性对照细胞和以Lipo2000浓度梯度依赖的g RNA细胞的Drosha基因表达情况;利用蛋白质免疫印记Western blotting检测不同浓度处理组Drosha蛋白的表达情况;采用CCK8法检测阴性对照细胞和以Lipo2000浓度梯度依赖的g RNA细胞的增殖能力;采用Wound healing实验比较阴性对照细胞和以Lipo2000浓度梯度依赖的g RNA细胞的迁移能力;利用Transwell TM实验比较阴性对照细胞和以Lipo2000浓度梯度依赖的g RNA细胞的侵袭能力。成功设计针对敲除人Drosha基因的单Guide RNA (gRNA)序列;与对照组相比,实验组成功抑制了人胃癌HGC-27细胞Drosha的基因及蛋白表达,增殖能力无明显改变(p0.05),但是抑制了人胃癌细胞HGC-27的迁移和侵袭能力(p0.05),其中当Lipo2000浓度为3μL时,转染效率最高,迁移和侵袭抑制率也最明显。表明了抑制Drosha基因在人胃癌HGC-27细胞中的表达量,可以以Drosha表达量依赖的方式抑制细胞的迁移和侵袭。本研究有助于为胃癌的早期诊断和与治疗提供新的分子靶标。     

Nupr1调控非小细胞肺癌细胞迁移、凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨核蛋白1(Nupr1)调控非小细胞肺癌细胞迁移、凋亡机制的研究。方法:肿瘤抑制剂盐酸素(salinomycin)不同时间处理非小细胞肺癌细胞A549后采用Western Blot法检测非小细胞肺癌细胞A549中Cleaved Caspase-3、Nupr1的蛋白表达;Transwell小室检测Nupr1基因沉默后非小细胞肺癌细胞A549细胞体外迁移、侵袭能力的变化;Western Blot法检测Nupr1沉默后非小细胞肺癌细胞A549 MMP-2、TIMP-1的蛋白表达;流式细胞仪检测Nupr1沉默后非小细胞肺癌细胞A549的凋亡情况。结果:与未经肿瘤抑制剂salinomycin处理对照组相比较,salinomycin处理后的非小细胞肺癌细胞A549中Nupr1蛋白表达量下降,Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达量升高,并且随着作用时间呈依赖关系。Nupr1-siRNA转染组的迁移能力相比对照组未转染组下降(64.4±7.2)%,Nupr1-siRNA转染组的侵袭能力相比对照组下降(58.7±7.3)%。与未转染Nupr1-siRNA对照组相比较,转染后TIMP-1的表达明显上调,而MMP-2的表达则明显下调。流式细胞仪检测结果显示Nupr1沉默后非小细胞肺癌细胞A549出现大量凋亡。结论:Nupr1基因沉默后通过上调TIMP-1的表达,下调MMP-2的表达降低肺癌A549细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,进而促进非小细胞肺癌细胞凋亡。     

维甲酸受体β基因RNAi表达质粒的构建及其对A549细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的：利用RNA干扰（RNAi）技术,构建针对维甲酸受体（RAR）β基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）表达质粒,诱导RARβ基因沉默,并观察其对肺癌细胞A549株的细胞周期和增殖的影响。方法：依据设计siRNA的原则。针对人RARβ的mRNA序列,设计并合成编码siRNA的2条寡核苷酸序列,经退火成互补双链,再克隆到pSUPER-NEO-GFP真核表达载体中构建重组体pSUPER-RAR[β转染至A549细胞中,以空质粒和RARβ高表达质粒转染为对照,用Western印迹检测RARβ基因的表达,并采用M1Tr试验检测转染后细胞株的增殖和细胞分化情况。结果：表达人类RARβ基因的siRNA重组表达质粒构建成功;MTT试验结果表明,转染的A549-RARβ-si细胞增殖能力降低。结论：采用RNAi技术特异阻断RARB基因表达,通过转染A549细胞,可使其细胞形态发生变化,并抑制其细胞生长。     

RGD肽对肺癌A549 细胞增殖侵袭能力的影响及其机制研究

目的:研究RGD肽对肺癌A549细胞增殖凋亡及侵袭迁移的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:不同浓度RGD肽处理肺癌A549细胞后,MTT检测肺癌细胞的增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测肺癌细胞凋亡及周期分布,Transwell检测其迁移及侵袭能力的变化,Western blot检测RGD肽对肺癌A549细胞MMP2、MMP9的表达水平影响。结果:当RGD肽浓度增加至50 mg/L时,肺癌A549细胞增殖明显受到抑制,且这种抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系;RGD肽组A549细胞G0/G1期细胞比例增高,细胞凋亡率由(6.1±0.1)%增至(15.2±0.5)%;在迁移和侵袭试验中,RGD肽组A549细胞的穿膜细胞数分别由123±10和43±10降至45±5和18±5;RGD肽组A549细胞MMP2、MMP9表达水平显著降低。结论:RGD肽对肺癌A549细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用,并促进其凋亡,可能与RGD肽改变其周期分布有关,RGD肽可明显抑制A549细胞的迁移及侵袭,可能与其下调MMP2、MMP9的表达相关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.