PCNA、P27蛋白在老年胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和P27蛋白（P27）在老年胃癌中表达及其临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测58例老年胃癌组织中PCNA、P27蛋白表达情况,分析它们与老年胃癌临床生物学行为的关系。结果：PCNA在老年胃癌组中的阳性表达率明显高于对照组的阳性表达率,P27在老年胃癌组中的阳性表达率明显低于对照组的阳性表达率。PCNA蛋白阳性表达与老年胃癌是否有浆膜浸润、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.01）,而P27蛋白阳性表达与老年胃癌类型、是否有浆膜浸润、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移以及TNM分期密切相关（P〈0.01）。老年胃癌组织中PCNA、P27的表达呈负相关（r=-0.536,P〈0.05）。结论：P27表达下调、PCNA表达增强在老年胃癌的发生、发展过程中具有重要的作用,且两者具有相互作用。     

胃癌组织中Survivin、P53蛋白表达和微血管密度测定及意义

目的探讨Survivin,P53蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系。方法用免疫组化方法对65例胃癌组织Survivin,P53,CD34的表达进行检测。结果胃癌组织中Survivin蛋白阳性表达率为70.77%（46/65）,P53蛋白阳性表达率为64.62%（42/65）。Survivin表达与分化程度和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）,而与临床分期无关（P〉0.05）;P53的阳性表达与分化程度、临床分期和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）。Survivin表达与P53的表达密切相关（r=0.413,P〈0.01）。Survivin阳性表达组织中的MVD值为103.04±15.06,阴性组为81.89±12.15,二者有显著差异（P〈0.01）。P53阳性表达胃癌组织中的MVD值为105.83±15.06,阴性组为81±12.71,二者有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论Survivin和P53突变对凋亡的抑制的协同作用及其促进血管生成的作用在胃癌的发生发展中起关键作用。     

PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2在胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、上皮间充质转化和预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨过氧化物酶1（PRDX1）、高迁移率族蛋白A2（HMGA2）、同源形成素样蛋白2（FMNL2）在胃癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、上皮-间充质转化（EMT）和预后的关系。方法：选取2017年1月～2018年2月我院收治的153例胃癌患者,收集术中癌组织和癌旁组织。采用免疫组化法检测PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2、波形蛋白（VIM）、上皮细胞钙黏蛋白（E-cad）阳性表达情况,采用实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2、VIM、E-cad mRNA相对表达量。分析胃癌组织中PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2表达与临床病理特征、EMT和预后的关系。结果：与癌旁组织比较,胃癌组织中PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2、VIM阳性表达率和mRNA相对表达量升高,E-cad阳性表达率和mRNA相对表达量降低（P＜0.05）。胃癌组织中PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2阳性表达率与患者TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,胃癌组织中PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2 mRNA相对表达量与VIM mRNA相对表达量呈正相关（r=0.562、0.517、0.621,P均＜0.05）,与E-cad mRNA相对表达量呈负相关（r=-0.603、-0.544、-0.574,P均＜0.05）。153例胃癌患者术后3年累积生存率为68.44%（106/153）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2阳性组术后3年累积生存率均低于阴性组（P＜0.05）。结论：胃癌组织中PRDX1、HMGA2、FMNL2表达升高,其表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移、EMT以及预后有关,可作为胃癌病情和预后的辅助评估指标。     

Snail基因及其蛋白、E-cadherin蛋白在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的观察Snail mRNA及其蛋白、E-cadherin蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系,并探讨它们在胃癌发生、发展中的作用及其临床应用价值。方法收集96例手术切除胃癌标本,同时取80例癌旁组织作为对照。应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测胃癌组织、癌旁组织中snail蛋白、E-cadherin蛋白的表达;运用原位分子杂交技术检测胃癌组织、癌旁组织中Snail mRNA的表达。结果（1）Snail蛋白在胃癌组织阳性率（83.3%）显著高于癌旁组织（41.25%）（P〈0.05）;高、中分化组Snail蛋白阳性表达率显著低于低分化组（P〈0.05）;Snail蛋白的阳性表达率在乳头状腺癌、管状腺癌及低分化腺癌与黏液癌之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;Snail蛋白的表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移及远处转移有关（P〈0.05）,与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位及临床分期无关（P〉0.05）;（2）胃癌组织中snail mR-NA的阳性率（76%）显著高于癌旁组织（30%）（P〈0.05）;高、中分化组Snail mRNA阳性表达率显著低于低分化组（P〈0.05）;Snail mRNA的阳性表达率在乳头状腺癌、管状腺癌及低分化腺癌与黏液癌之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;Snail mRNA的表达与浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）,与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、临床分期及远处转移无关（P〉0.05）;（3）E-cadherin蛋白在胃癌组织阳性率（37.5%）显著低于癌旁组织（100%）（P〈0.05）;高、中分化组E-cadherin蛋白阳性率显著高于低分化组（P〈0.05）;E-cadherin蛋白阳性率在乳头状腺癌、管状腺癌及低分化腺癌与黏液癌之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;E-cadherin蛋白的表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期及远处转移有关（P〈0.05）,与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位均无关（P〉0.05）;（4）胃癌组织中snail mRNA和snail蛋白的表达呈正相关（r=0.594,P〈0.05）;Snail蛋白和E-cadherin蛋白的表达呈负相关（r=-0.234,P〈0.05）。结论（1）E-cadher-in蛋白低表达与Snail蛋白高表达可能是胃黏膜恶性转变以及胃癌发生浸润转移的重要生物学标志;联合检测E-cadherin蛋白与Snail蛋白对预测胃癌浸润转移有重要意义。（2）Snail蛋白可能在转录水平上调控E-cadherin蛋白的表达。     

c-Met与Fas在胃癌组织中的表达及其相关性

目的探讨c-Met和Fas在胃癌中的表达、临床意义及其相关性。方法采用免疫组化方法检测c-Met和Fas在正常胃黏膜（n=17）,胃癌旁组织（n=51）及胃癌组织（n=51）中的表达。结果在正常胃黏膜、胃癌旁组织及胃癌组织中,c-Met阳性率呈递增趋势,组间差异有统计学意义（χ^219.881,P〈0.01）;Fas阳性率有递减趋势,组间差异有统计学意义（χ^29.590,P〈0.01）。χ^2验显示c-Met在浸润深度和淋巴结转移组内阳性表达率组内差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而在年龄、性别和组织分型组内差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;Fas在浸润深度组内阳性表达率组内差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而在年龄、性别、组织分型和淋巴结转移组内差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Spearman等级相关分析显示c-Met和Fas表达呈正相关（rs=0.599,P〈0.01）。结论c-Met过表达和Fas表达下调与胃癌的发生发展及浸润转移有关,c-Met表达可能是胃癌细胞逃逸Fas介导的细胞凋亡的一种机制。     

胃癌中TAMs与血管生成及转移相关性的分析

目的：研究胃癌中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor associated macrophages,TAMs）的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系,进而分析其与转移的相关性。方法：利用免疫组化双染方法同时标记TAMs（抗CD68抗体）和内皮细胞（抗CD34抗体）,检测90例胃癌中TAMs、微血管密度（microvessel density,MVD）。结果：①TAMs与胃癌的大小、淋巴结转移、远处转移呈显著正相关（P均〈0.05）;②MVD与胃癌的远处转移呈显著正相关（P均〈0.05）;③在胃癌组织中TAMs与MVD的表达呈显著的正相关（r=0.325,P=0.002）。结论：TAMs可能通过促进胃癌血管的生成,进而促进胃癌细胞发生血管内渗,最终实现胃癌细胞的转移。     

Fascin蛋白在软骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的：分析Fascin蛋白在软骨肉瘤组织中的表达及其与软骨肉瘤临床病理因素的关系。方法：应用免疫组化EnlivionTM法分别检测和比较70例软骨肉瘤和20例软骨瘤中Fascin蛋白的表达情况。结果：（1）Fascin在软骨肉瘤组和软骨瘤组中的阳性表达率分别为64．29％和5．00％,两组相比差异有统计学意义（X2=21．88,P=0．00）;（2）Fascin蛋白的表达与患者的年龄、性别无显著相关性（Xk0．37,P=0．54;X2=-0．29,P=0．59）;Fascin蛋白在肺转移组中的表达为76．32％,显著高于无肺转移组（50．00％）,两组相比差异有统计学意义（XZ=5．24,P=0．02）;Fascin蛋白在间叶性软骨肉瘤、透明细胞软骨肉瘤的中表达分别与普通型软骨肉瘤相比,无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但去分化软骨肉瘤与普通型软骨肉瘤相比,有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Fascin在普通型软骨肉瘤的I-III级中的阳性表达率分别为11．1l％、61．90％、75．00％,三者之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：Fascin参与了软骨肉瘤恶变的过程,其高表达与软骨肉瘤的分化和转移有关。     

SNCG在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨SNCG在胃癌及正常胃粘膜组织中的蛋白和mRNA表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测90例胃癌及40例正常胃粘膜组织中SNCG蛋白表达情况,同时应用RT-PCR检测29例胃癌及15例正常胃粘膜组织中SNCG mRNA的表达情况。结果：SNCG蛋白在胃癌组中的表达高于正常胃粘膜组（Uc=7.149,P〈0.05）,胃癌组中SNCG蛋白阳性表达与癌组织的浸润深度以及有无淋巴结转移有关（Uc=2.742,Uc,3.970,P均〈0.05）,而与患者的性别、年龄、及癌组织的分化程度无关。SNCG mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达量明显高于正常胃粘膜组织（t=4.399,P〈0.01）。结论：SNCG在胃癌组织中的高表达与胃癌发生发展及浸润转移密切相关,可能会成为胃癌早期发现、早期诊断以及判断转移、预后的重要参考指标。     

MIF、PRC2核心基因、p27在胃癌合并Hp感染患者病变组织中的表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探究巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）、多梳抑制复合物2（PRC2）核心基因（EZH2）、p27在胃癌合并Hp感染患者病变组织中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法：选取我院2017年6月～2019年2月期间接治的68例胃癌合并Hp感染患者作为胃癌合并Hp感染组,另选取54例单纯胃癌患者作为单纯胃癌组,比较两组癌组织与癌旁组织中MIF、EZH2、p27表达水平的差异,并对比胃癌合并Hp感染组不同临床病理特征患者MIF、EZH2、p27表达情况,采用Spearman相关性分析MIF、EZH2、p27与胃癌、胃癌合并Hp感染及临床病理特征的关联性。对胃癌合并Hp感染组随访1年,统计1年生存率,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线对胃癌合并Hp感染组不同MIF、EZH2、p27表达患者的生存情况生存分析。结果：两组癌组织中MIF、EZH2阳性表达率高于癌旁组织,p27阳性表达率低于癌旁组织,胃癌合并Hp感染组癌组织、癌旁组织中MIF、EZH2高于单纯胃癌组,p27阳性表达率低于单纯胃癌组（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关性分析,MIF、EZH2与胃癌合并Hp感染患者TNM分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关,与分化程度呈负相关,p27与胃癌合并Hp感染患者TNM分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关,与分化程度呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：MIF、EZH2、p27在胃癌合并Hp感染患者病变组织中呈异常表达,与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度密切相关,且MIF、p27能为临床预测生存状况提供参考依据。     

胃癌组织中的MUC1和VEGF表达及其意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中VEGF和MUC1的表达情况,研究二者与胃癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测VEGF和MUC1在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况。结果:胃癌组织中VEGF的阳性表达明显高于癌旁组织,两者之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),VEGF在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌浸润深度、有无远处转移、有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关,之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌组织中MUC1的阳性表达明显高于癌旁组织,两者之间差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),MUC1在胃癌组织中的表达与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胃癌患者组织VEGF与MUC1的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.210,P0.05)。结论:VEGF和MUC1在胃癌发生、发展和转移过程中起重要作用,可能成为检测胃癌的重要肿瘤标志物。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.