化感水稻根际微生物类群及酶活性变化

以化感水稻PI312777（PI）和非化感水稻Lemont（LE）为材料,分别测定不同水稻叶龄期（3～7叶期）根际微生物区系变化及根际土壤酶活性.结果表明,化感水稻明显影响土壤根际微生物类群及相关酶活性.化感水稻PI根际细菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量高于非化感水稻LE,增幅分别在11.2%～28.3%、40%～78.6%和111.5%～173.9%之间,而真菌数量低于非化感水稻LE,最高仅为其值的25.5％,说明化感水稻PI对绝大多数细菌、放线菌、固氮菌生长有促进作用,对一些真菌生长有抑制作用.进一步分析表明,化感水稻PI对氨化细菌、亚硝酸细菌、硝酸细菌、好气性固氮菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、硫化细菌的生长具有促进作用,其中以氨化细菌、好气性固氮菌的更为明显,最低增幅分别为53.7％和57.6％;而对反硫化细菌、反硝化细菌生长有抑制作用,其值最高分别为非化感水稻的54.2％和50.6％.此外,化感水稻PI根系分泌物对脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶的活性具有促进作用,而对过氧化氢酶则呈抑制作用.     

太子参连作对根际土壤微生物的影响

采用微生物培养法和末端限制性片断长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术分析连作对太子参根际土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:连作导致太子参根际土壤细菌和好气性自生固氮菌数量极显著下降,相反,真菌、放线菌、厌气性纤维素分解菌数量极显著增加,而硝化细菌数量变化不显著。T-RFLP分析显示:与太子参-水稻-太子参轮作的土壤相比,太子参连作的土壤细菌种(属)略有减少,其中致病菌和病原菌种(属)增多,并出现一些具拮抗功能的链霉菌属(种);真菌种(属)则表现出上升的趋势,但未检索到与植物致病相关的真菌种(属)。     

苯黄隆对土壤微生物的影响研究

研究了苯黄隆在 6种不同浓度下对土壤微生物种群数量及土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌生长速率的影响。结果表明 ,苯黄隆在一定浓度下对土壤微生物种群数量及土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌生长速率有一定的抑制作用。     

天祝高寒草地植被、土壤及土壤微生物时间动态的比较

对天祝高寒草地21a前（1982年）、后（2003年）植被状况、土壤理化性质、土壤三大类微生物（细菌、放线菌和真菌）和各生理群微生物（硝化细菌、好气性固氮菌和好气性纤维素分解菌）及不同退化程度（围栏内、围栏外和鼠丘地）草地土壤微生物数量变化特点进行了对比研究。结果表明：（1）与1982年相比,目前该区天然草地植被总盖度、主要优良牧草种类、产草量等显著下降,草地植被退化明显;（2）草地土壤pH升高,土壤含水量、有机质、氮、磷含量均下降,草地土壤理化性质劣于1982年;（3）目前该区天然草地土壤三大类微生物数量及各生理群微生物数量变化十分明显,1982年土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌及微生物总数分别是2003年的153．6、5．5、4．1倍和151．2倍;土壤硝化细菌、好气性固氮菌和好气性纤维素分解菌数量分别是2003年的5．7、43．3倍和94．4倍;（4）轻度退化草地（围栏内）土壤各类微生物数量明显高于严重退化草地（围栏外、鼠丘地）,其数量前者一般为后者的1．5—4．5倍。     

大棚蔬菜轮/连作系统土壤肥力与微生物因子综合评价

从土壤肥力与微生物因子探索连茬障碍机理,以期为其提供科学依据。研究草莓番茄轮作(RST)、番茄连作4年(CT4)和番茄连作10年(CT10)3种蔬菜种植模式根际与非根际土壤微生物区系及生理菌群,并对土壤肥力与微生物生物因子进行主成分分析。结果表明根际土壤微生物三大类群和生理菌群数量均高于非根际,根际效应显著。番茄连作根际与非根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量呈现先增加后减少趋势;真菌数量呈线型增加趋势,CT4和CT10在根际与非根际较RST分别增加9.09%和2.11%、75.48%和57.72%。番茄连作根际土壤硝化细菌和好气性自生固氮菌数量的减少,氨化细菌与好气性纤维素分解菌在短期连作表现为增加长期减少的变化趋势;解钾菌、无机磷和有机磷细菌数量在根际与非根际土壤均减少。在6种研究的种植模式中,RST根际土壤状况最好,其次为CT4的根际与RST非根际土壤,CT10的根际土壤、CT4与CT10非根际土壤状况最差。结论是蔬菜连作造成土壤质量下降,连作年限越长下降越显著。     

地膜覆盖栽培对土壤微生物种群和生物活性的影响

研究了覆膜栽培条件下土壤微生物种群和生物活性．棕壤长期覆膜种植玉米,土壤表层微生物数量增多,细菌、放线菌和真菌分别增加２２．６％、２９．３％和１９．７％．苗期细菌增加最多,达２１４％,拔节期和成熟期放线菌增加最多,为２２４％和２４４％,生育期真菌增加幅度１２２～１４６％．细菌中兼厌气性种群优势有所增强,真菌优势种群无变化．肥力水平不同地块覆膜均加强土壤呼吸作用,高肥地块土壤脲酶活性升高,低肥地块无变化．     

分蘖洋葱根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗生长及根际土壤微生物的影响

以不同化感潜力分蘖洋葱为供体,黄瓜为受体,研究了分蘖洋葱根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗生长、根际土壤微生物数量及细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明:不同化感潜力分蘖洋葱根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗生长均具有促进作用,且随着浓度的升高,促进作用增强,相同浓度下,化感潜力强、弱供体之间差异不显著;不同化感潜力分蘖洋葱根系分泌物均增加了黄瓜根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量,降低了真菌和尖镰孢菌数量,化感潜力强的品种(L-06)效果更显著;不同化感潜力分蘖洋葱根系分泌物均能提高黄瓜根际土壤细菌群落丰富度,差异条带的序列片段经比对推测为3大细菌类群:Actinobacteria(放线菌纲)、Proteobacteria(变形菌纲)和Anaerolineaceae(厌氧绳菌纲),其中厌氧绳菌只出现在化感潜力强(L-06)的处理中.化感潜力强(L-06)、浓度高(10 mL·株-1)的分蘖洋葱根系分泌物更有利于黄瓜根际土壤细菌群落丰富度的提高.     

三江源地区高寒草原土壤微生物活性和微生物量

为了揭示青藏高原高寒草地土壤微生物活性和微生物量碳、氮情况,同时探讨气候变化对土壤微生物的影响,以青藏高原腹地三江源自然保护区高寒草原土壤为研究对象,选择土壤质地、植被类型基本一致,海拔高度不同（3400—4200m）的4个样地,分析测定了土壤微生物（细菌、真菌、放线菌和部分生理功能微生物群）数量、土壤微生物量（碳、氮）、土壤酶（纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脲酶用、蔗糖酶）活性。结果表明：研究区域均含有较丰富的土壤有机碳和养分,微生物数量多少为细菌>放线菌>真菌,主要功能微生物菌群数量为氨化细菌>好气性固氮菌>硝化细菌>亚硝化细菌,样地间的微生物生物量碳、氮含量差异显著。相关性分析表明,除与亚硝酸细菌具有弱正相关性外,海拔高度与其它因子均具有负相关性,其中与细菌和氨化细菌具有极显著负相关性,与好气性固氮菌和硝酸细菌具有显著负相关性。因此,温度的升高可能明显的影响了三江源地区高寒草原的土壤微生物活性。     

转基因水稻对土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响

以非转基因水稻为对照,以变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和Biolog技术为手段,研究了2种转基因水稻对土壤微生物群落结构及功能的影响。结果显示:转基因水稻仅在生长发育旺盛期对土壤细菌数量有显著影响;且不同品种转基因水稻土壤微生物间的遗传距离大于转基因水稻与对照间土壤微生物的距离,即2个转基因水稻品种对土壤微生物群落遗传多样性的影响均不显著;在水稻抽穗期,2种转基因水稻与其对照的土壤微生物群落在72h时的平均光密度呈现显著差异,而到了成熟期则差异不显著。土壤微生物群落多样性指数和均匀度指数也表现出类似趋势。本试验证明,在水稻生长发育旺盛时期,Mclntosh指数(u)是一个有效区分转基因水稻和非转基因水稻土壤微生物群落多样性的指标。     

喀斯特峰丛洼地不同生态系统土壤微生物与养分的耦合关系

基于喀斯特峰丛洼地农作区、人工林、次生林、原生林4类生态系统土壤微生物量、微生物数量及土壤养分的分析,本文探讨了不同生态系统土壤微生物特征及其与土壤养分的耦合关系.结果表明:不同生态系统微生物种群组成不同,真菌比率均较低,农作区、人工林、原生林的放线菌比率较大,而次生林细菌比率较大;不同生态系统中微生物量碳(Cmic)与微生物量氮(Nmic)、微生物量磷(Pmic)的相关性均达到了显著或极显著水平;不同生态系统土壤微生物量与土壤养分的关系密切,而微生物数量与土壤养分的相关性均较弱,表明土壤微生物细菌、真菌、放线菌种群数量分布的随机性较大,而不是受单一养分因子的控制;不同生态系统中土壤微生物属性和土壤养分的耦合关系不同:农作区土壤有机质(SOM)、pH、全磷(TP)起较大作用,主要影响土壤Cmic、细菌和真菌;人工林中土壤水分、SOM、全氮(TN)、TP主要影响土壤微生物量;次生林中以pH、SOM、TP、碱解氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)主要影响土壤微生物量和真菌;原生林主要有pH、TP、AN影响土壤微生物量和细菌.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.