香蕉叶片发育过程中不同甲酯化程度果胶的变化

采用免疫荧光标记技术,利用5种识别不同甲酯化程度聚半乳糖醛酸(HGs)果胶及香蕉果胶甲酯酶(PME)的单克隆抗体,对不同株龄香蕉叶片中PME及不同甲酯化程度的HGs定位、相对含量以及PME活性的变化进行分析,为探讨HGs和PME在香蕉生长发育及抵抗逆境过程中的功能和生理机制奠定基础。结果显示:(1)PME主要在组培苗的叶肉和保卫细胞中表达,其表达量及其酶的活性均随着香蕉株龄的增长而呈现下降趋势。(2)叶肉细胞也是各类不同甲酯化程度HGs的主要分布区域,其含量随着香蕉株龄的增长有不同程度的下降,但不同HGs在叶肉细胞中的含量以及在表皮、保卫细胞及叶脉中的分布模式不尽相同,保卫细胞中HGs的甲酯化程度较高。研究表明,香蕉的叶肉细胞是PME及这5种不同甲酯化程度HGs的主要分布场所,且这些HGs在香蕉发育过程中的含量变化趋势与PME相似。     

采后龙眼果肉自溶过程中PME基因的表达分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE-PCR相结合的方法,研究了果胶甲酯酶基因(PME)表达与采后龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)果肉自溶的关系.从龙眼果实中分离得到3个包含3'非翻译区的PME基因片段,分别命名为DlPME1、DlPME2和DlPME3,其推导的氨基酸序列与多种植物的PME蛋白有较高的同源...     

果胶酯酶的研究进展

果胶酯酶(PME)或称果胶甲基酯酶,它是果胶酶系的一种,能从果胶中脱去甲氧基,生成果胶酸,属于皂化酶.它在食品工业中有着广泛用途,尤其是在果品工业中.对果胶酯酶的研究概况进行了综述和展望,为果胶酯酶的基因工程研究提供参考.     

类芽胞杆菌碱性果胶裂解酶的纯化与酶学性质表征

从类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus sp.WZ008的发酵上清液中纯化得到一个高活力碱性果胶裂解酶,经SDS-PAGE电泳估算其亚基相对分子质量为4.5×104。通过对该酶进行酶学性质研究发现：该酶能催化裂解果胶酸、低酯果胶和高酯果胶;酶催化反应最适温度范围为55～60℃,最适pH为9.6,在最适条件下以低酯果胶为底物酶的比酶活达3 021.6 U/mg;Ca2＋能增强该酶的活力,而Mn2＋,Ba2＋和EDTA强烈抑制该酶活力;当没有Ca2＋存在时,高度酯化的果胶是该酶的最适底物,在4 mmol/L Ca2＋存在时,该酶以果胶酸为底物比酶活最高（25 467 U/mg）。该酶N端序列比对分析发现与类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain 27c64果胶裂解酶高度同源。     

微水相脂肪酶催化乙酸甲基苯甲酯立体选择性氨解反应*

从 4种不同来源的脂肪酶 ,2种不同来源的蛋白酶中筛选出了具有较高活性和对映体选择性的能催化乙酸甲基苯甲酯氨解反应的脂肪酶Novozym 43 5。进一步探讨了氨源、酶浓度、底物浓度等因素对该酶反应的影响。结果表明 ,在优化条件下 ,氨解反应 6h ,转化率为51.6 %,残留底物中 ( ) 乙酸甲基苯甲酯对映体过剩值可达 99%以上。     

突变型环酰亚胺水解酶的底物专一性

摘要 目的：研究环酰亚胺水解酶（CIH293）C-末端区残基对其底物专一性的影响。方法：通过缺失或替代获得了环酰亚胺水解酶C-末端剔除2个或3个氨基酸残基及C-末端两个Lys替代为两个Glu的突变型酶CIH291、CIH290以及KK292,293EE,用比色法与高效液相色谱法分析了重组野生型酶与突变型酶的底物专一性和动力学参数。结果：突变型酶与野生型酶相比,底物专一性未发生显著改变,最适底物仍为琥珀酰亚胺,然突变型酶对最适底物的亲和力略有降低,导致反应速度减小。结论：环酰亚胺水解酶（CIH293）C-末端区残基的改变对其底物专一性的影响不大,但影响了酶对底物的亲和力。     

微水相脂肪酶催化乙酸甲基苯甲酯立体选择性氨解反应

从4种不同来源的脂肪酶,2种不同来源的蛋白酶中筛选出了具有较高活性和对映体选择性的能催化乙酸甲基苯甲酯氨解反应的脂肪酶Novozym 435。进一步探讨了氨源、酶浓度、底物等因素对该酶反应的影响。结果表明,在优化条件下,氨解反应6h,转化率为51.6%,残留底物中（－）－乙酸甲基苯甲酯对映体过剩值可达99％以上。     

白菜小孢子发育相关基因BcMF3的分离及序列分析

利用cDNA-AFLP技术对‘矮脚黄’白菜(Brassica campestris L．ssp．chinensis Makinovar．communis Tsen et Lee cv,Aijiaohuang)雄性不育两系不育株系与可育株系的表达差异进行分析,结果以A18和T16引物为引物对在可育的中蕾和大蕾中筛选出一条474bp特异表达的差异条带BA18-T16,配合RACE方法扩增了该片段的3’和5’末端,获得了该基因的cDNA全长序列BcMF3。BcMF3全长2082bp,开放阅读框长度为1755bp,编码584个氨基酸。序列分析结果表明,BcMF3基因与油菜、大白菜和拟南芥的花药特异表达果胶甲酯酶(PME)基因具有较高的相似性,由此推定,BcMF3基因为白菜花药特异表达的果胶甲酯酶基因。     

O-糖基化起始糖基转移酶的活性与结构研究

多肽：N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶（ppGalNAc-T） 是催化N-乙酰氨基半乳糖（GalNAc）结合到蛋白质Ser或Thr上的糖基转移酶,是黏蛋白型O-糖基化修饰的起始糖基转移酶。ppGalNAc-T是一个酶家族,表达产物均为Ⅱ型膜蛋白。虽然氨基酸序列高度同源,但各成员具有独特的底物特异性和动力学特征。因此,ppGalNAc-T的底物作用机制是O-糖基化研究领域中的关键课题。近年来,通过利用定点突变及晶体结构解析技术,ppGalNAc-T中与底物相互作用的重要氨基酸残基以及由这些残基所形成的对底物结合起关键作用的空间构象逐渐被揭示,为了解ppGalNAc-T酶家族的底物作用机制及其蛋白结构与催化活性间的关系提供了理论依据。     

长野芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶的同源建模及三维结构分析

普鲁兰酶(Pullulanase)是脱支酶,因其能水解葡聚糖的α-1,6-糖苷键而有不同的工业应用潜力。本研究通过同源建模和分子对接的方法对长野芽孢杆菌(Bacillus naganoensis)普鲁兰酶进行建模及其三维结构分析,表明该酶由CBM41-X45aX25-X45b-CBM48-GH13_14多结构域组成,酶蛋白中心形成其催化区,催化区的Asp619、Glu648和Asp733三个残基构成酶的催化三联体。同时,通过柔性对接研究了酶与底物分子相互作用的关系,并预测构成酶的活性中心相关氨基酸残基,为进一步改良酶的特性提供重要的理论依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.