大鼠心肌重塑过程中Axin蛋白质的表达变化

为观察大鼠心肌重塑过程中Axin蛋白质表达水平的变化,实验用颈静脉输注去甲肾上腺素(NE)和动静脉造瘘(AVF)方法复制大鼠心肌重塑病理模型,采用超声心动术检测心脏结构和收缩功能。取病理模型大鼠左心室以及分离培养的成年大鼠心肌成纤维细胞,采用Wester blot技术检测Axin蛋白质的表达水平。结果观察到,在颈静脉输注NE 3d后,大鼠心脏发生向心性心肌肥厚和心肌纤维化,其左心室的Axin蛋白表达水平较对照组显著升高。A-V造瘘术一周后引起大鼠离心性心肌肥厚,心肌无明显纤维化,心肌Axin表达量与对照相比无显著变化。在分离培养的成年大鼠心肌成纤维细胞,NE处理24h能明显升高Axin蛋白的表达水平。上述结果表明,大鼠心脏有Axin蛋白质表达,NE致大鼠心肌重塑过程中Axin蛋白表达显著增加,可能与该过程的心肌纤维化有关。     

大鼠成长期左心室基因表达谱的变化

为观察大鼠发育成熟过程中心脏生长与其基因表达谱变化的关系 ,应用超声心动术检测 8、10、12周龄Wistar大鼠的心脏结构和功能指标 ,应用cDNA基因芯片技术观察心脏基因表达水平的变化。大鼠从 8周龄生长至12周龄 ,体重增加约 45 7% ( 2 87± 13 gvs 197± 10g) ,前 2周和后 2周增加幅度相近。心脏左心室重量和室壁厚度分别增加约 2 7 7% ( 0 60± 0 0 3 gvs 0 47± 0 0 2 g)和 2 3 6% ( 2 0 4± 0 0 4mmvs 1 65± 0 13mm) ,前 2周增加幅度明显大于后 2周。基因表达谱的改变涉及细胞结构、代谢、氧化应激及信号转导等多方面的基因。 10周龄和 8周龄大鼠比较 ,变化的基因多数上调 ;12周龄和 10周龄大鼠比较 ,基因表达谱基本又返转至 8周龄水平。结果表明 ,大鼠在成长期的 4周内 ( 8- 12周龄 ) ,左心室基因表达谱发生的变化适应生理性心肌生长需要     

miRNA在异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌肥厚中的表达及生物信息学分析*

目的:探讨miRNAs(miR199a-5P、miR206、miR133a-3P、miR499-5P)在异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱导大鼠心肌肥厚模型组中的表达变化;并运用生物信息学方法分析相关的主要信号通路及分子机制。方法:将16只SD雄性大鼠随机分为2组:对照组和ISO模型组,模型组给予ISO(1 mg/kg)诱导心肌肥厚模型,对照组给予等量生理盐水,均采用背部皮下多点注射。连续给药10 d后采用超声心动图测量舒张期室间隔厚度(IVSd)、舒张期左室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)及心脏收缩功能(EF%);称量心脏重量(HW)、大鼠体重(BW),并计算心脏/体重比(HW/BW);心肌组织HE染色,Image J分析软件测量心肌细胞表面积;RT-qPCR检测大鼠心肌组织中4种miRNAs的表达情况。运用Targetscan、miRDB、miRwalk 数据库预测大鼠4种miRNAs可能的靶基因,FunRich软件分析预测靶基因相关的信号通路。结果:与正常组相比,模型组IVSd、LVPWd增厚,LV增大,EF%明显降低;HW、HW/BW增加;模型组心肌细胞体积明显增大,排列紊乱,细胞表面积增加;模型组miR199a-5P、miR206表达上调(P＜0.05);miR133a-3P、miR499-5P表达下调(P＜0.05)。应用生物信息学预测4种miRNAs的靶基因可能参与心肌肥厚相关的信号通路主要有:VEGF/VEGFR信号通路、ErbB受体信号通路等。结论:ISO诱导心肌肥厚导致miRNAs表达的改变,生物信息学预测4种miRNAs参与心肌肥厚相关的靶基因及其主要信号通路,这些研究为心肌肥厚的调控机制及其防治措施提供了新思路。     

新基因C10orf97参与压力超负荷性心肌肥厚

目的检测新基因C10orf97是否参与压力超负荷型心肌肥厚病程。方法通过缩窄大鼠胸主动脉横支构建压力超负荷诱导的心肌肥厚模型,在缩窄手术后的连续时间点应用血流动力学检测评价心室重构和心功能,应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测心肌肥厚标志基因心房利钠肽和C10orf97的mRNA表达。结果主动脉缩窄手术后,大鼠心脏显著肥厚,心脏体重比逐渐增加,心功能先受损后代偿性增强。心房利钠肽表达显著上调,在缩窄后第15天升高为假手术组40倍。C10orf97基因的表达在缩窄后第2天即显著上调为假手术组的2倍,在第4天降低,随后逐渐上升,第15天时表达量升高为假手术组的3倍。结论C10orf97基因参与了压力超负荷引起的心肌肥厚病程。     

沉默MR-1对血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导小鼠心肌肥厚基因表达谱的影响

肌纤基因调节因子(myofibrillogenesis regulator1,MR1)是首次从人体骨骼肌cDNA文库中分离得到的基因.以前的研究证明MR1能够介导血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的体内外心肌肥厚效应,但相关分子机制有待进一步阐明.利用腺病毒载体在小鼠中沉默MR1表达,利用基因芯片对比检查了小鼠心肌基因表达谱的变化.结果发现,在AngⅡ诱导心肌肥厚的小鼠,沉默MR1前后出现明显的信号通路方面的变化和基因表达差异,其中沉默MR1后表达降低90%以上的基因有39个,而表达升高10倍以上的基因有5个.在这些基因中,对与心肌肥厚密切相关的基因进行了定量RT-PCR检测,以进一步验证基因芯片的结果,发现沉默MR1后HSP72和硫氧还蛋白1(Trx1)均表达升高,而钙调神经磷酸酶β(CnAβ)和β肌球蛋白(β-myosin)的基因表达则受抑制.这些信号通路和基因均与AngⅡ诱导的心肌肥厚有一定的关系,为揭示MR1在AngⅡ所致心肌肥厚中的作用和分子机制提供了新的证据.     

压力负荷型心肌肥厚相关的细胞色素b基因的筛选及克隆

 利用cDNA差减杂交法从压力负荷型心肌肥厚模型形成初期 (3d)的大鼠心肌组织中分离出13个差异性基因片段 ,菌落原位杂交和斑点杂交显示它们在心肌肥厚模型组和对照组中存在表达差异 .经同源性分析后发现其中一个 93bp的cDNA片段与细胞色素b脱辅基蛋白的基因高度同源 ,以其序列设计基因特异性引物应用SMARTRACE (cDNA末端快速扩增法 )技术 ,分离出该基因的全长cDNA ;经克隆、测序后已被GenBank收录 (AF2 95 5 4 5 ) .Northern杂交证实该基因在绑扎腹主动脉 3d的大鼠心脏中高表达 ,说明其在心肌肥厚发生的早期对心功能代偿有一定贡献     

大鼠心肌肥厚时左心室心房钠尿肽基因的转录

本工作运用ANF放射免疫测定和ANF核酸分子杂交的方法,测定了大鼠腹主动脉部分结扎引起心肌肥厚时血浆ANF及左心室ANF mRNA水平的变化。结果表明,心肌肥厚大鼠的血浆ANF及左心室ANF mRNA水平都明显升高,提示大鼠心肌肥厚可以促进其左心室ANF基因的转录和表达。此外,本工作还证明细胞内钙离子调节剂牛磺酸和血管松弛剂肼苯哒嗪可以分别促进和抑制大鼠心肌肥厚诱导的左心室ANF基因的转录和表达。     

吡格列酮抑制大鼠心肌肥厚的实验研究

目的: 以体外实验和体内实验探讨噻唑烷二酮(Thiazolidinedione,TZD)类药物吡格列酮对大鼠心肌肥厚的影响.方法: 体外原代培养新生大鼠的心肌细胞,以血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激建立心肌肥大模型,分别给予不同浓度的吡格列酮处理.采用RT-PCR法检测心肌肥大特征性基因心钠素(ANP)和脑钠素(BNP)mRNA的表达,并以3H-亮氨酸掺入测定心肌细胞蛋白合成速率.体内实验中通过不完全结扎大鼠腹主动脉引起压力负荷增加,导致左心室肥厚.从术前1周起用灌胃器经口给予吡格列酮(20 mg*kg-1*day-1)直至术后4周.处死动物,计算心脏重/体重比值,测量左心室壁厚度和心肌细胞的平均直径,RT-PCR法测定心肌细胞中BNP及炎性细胞因子的mRNA表达.结果: 心肌细胞肥大模型出现后,心肌细胞的ANP和BNP mRNA的表达以及蛋白合成速率增加.经不同浓度的吡格列酮处理后,这些变化得以减轻,并呈一定的剂量依赖性.吡格列酮抑制左心室心肌白细胞介素-1β,心调理素-1的mRNA表达,同时减轻压力负荷升高引起的大鼠心脏重/体重比值、左心室壁厚度和心肌细胞平均直径的增加.结论: 吡格列酮在体外和体内实验研究中显示对大鼠心肌肥厚有保护作用,可能对防治以心肌肥厚为特征的心血管疾病有一定的应用前景.     

心衰时心肌收缩蛋白分子基因表达和心肌收缩力的相互关系

目的和方法：本文通过ＤＯＣＡ硅胶管皮下埋入法建立大鼠心力衰竭模型,比较正常与心衰大鼠心肌收缩力的变化。采用ＲＮＡｓｌｏｔｂｌｏｔ杂交从基因转录水平检测正常与心衰大鼠心肌组织中心肌收缩蛋白分子基因αｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ与αＭＨＣ表达的变化。结果：（１）心衰大鼠心肌收缩力较正常大鼠明显降低;（２）心衰大鼠与正常大鼠相比,心肌收缩蛋白分子基因αｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ表达水平未见有统计学意义的变化,而αＭＨＣ表达水平呈显著降低（下降２１．３０％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）αＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与心肌收缩力的大小存在线性正相关（ｒ＝０．４１４３,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：αＭＨＣ基因表达水平的下降是心衰时心肌收缩力减退的主要分子基础之一,且与心肌收缩力的大小存在线性正相关     

银杏叶提取物对野百合碱诱导的大鼠右心室心肌肥厚的干预作用及其机制*

目的: 探讨银杏叶提取物对大鼠右心室心肌肥厚的干预作用及其机制。方法: 72 只SD 大鼠随机分为3 组,每组24只: 对照组(CON组)、野百合碱诱导右心室心肌肥厚组(MCT组)、银杏叶提取物干预组(EGB组)。MCT组与EGB组首日均以2%MCT按60 mg/kg 剂量腹腔注射,注射后第2日开始,MCT组每日予2 ml 0.9% NaCl灌胃,EGB组以60 mg/kg银杏叶提取物灌胃,对照组SD大鼠首日一次性腹腔注射2 ml 0.9%NaCl注射液。3周后检测各组大鼠心脏血流动力学变化、计算心脏重量指数、HE染色观察心肌病理形态学变化、RT-PCR法检测TRPC6 mRNA表达和Western blot法检测蛋白的表达水平。结果: 与对照组比较,MCT组反映右心室肥厚程度的指标如RVSP、RV±dp/dt_max及RVMI显著增加(P＜0.01),而EGB早期干预组虽然与MCT组的各项指标有相同趋势的变化,但是EGB组各项指标变化的幅度均显著降低(P＜0.01),且EGB组的心肌肥厚指数均显著低于MCT组(P＜ 0.01);HE染色观察心肌形态学变化结果:MCT组呈典型心肌肥厚表现;EGB组右心室心肌细胞较MCT组有显著改善;MCT组及EGB组SD大鼠右心室TRPC6 mRNA及蛋白相对表达水平升高(P＜0.05),而EGB组较MCT组显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论: 银杏叶提取物可能通过降低TRPC6的表达阻碍心肌细胞中CaN／NFAT信号路径而发挥对心肌肥厚的早期保护作用。     

Identification of a core set of genes that signifies pathways underlying cardiac hypertrophy

Although the molecular signals underlying cardiac hypertrophy have been the subject of intense investigation, the extent of common and distinct gene regulation between different forms of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. We hypothesized that a general and comparative analysis of hypertrophic gene expression, using microarray technology in multiple models of cardiac hypertrophy, including aortic banding, myocardial infarction, an arteriovenous shunt and pharmacologically induced hypertrophy, would uncover networks of conserved hypertrophy-specific genes and identify novel genes involved in hypertrophic signalling. From gene expression analyses (8740 probe sets, n = 46) of rat ventricular RNA, we identified a core set of 139 genes with consistent differential expression in all hypertrophy models as compared to their controls, including 78 genes not previously associated with hypertrophy and 61 genes whose altered expression had previously been reported. We identified a single common gene program underlying hypertrophic remodelling, regardless of how the hypertrophy was induced. These genes constitute the molecular basis for the existence of one main form of cardiac hypertrophy and may be useful for prediction of a common therapeutic approach. Supplementary material for this article can be found at: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1531-6912/suppmat.     

Expression profiling reveals differences in metabolic gene expression between exercise-induced cardiac effects and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy

While cardiac hypertrophy elicited by pathological stimuli eventually leads to cardiac dysfunction, exercise-induced hypertrophy does not. This suggests that a beneficial hypertrophic phenotype exists. In search of an underlying molecular substrate we used microarray technology to identify cardiac gene expression in response to exercise. Rats exercised for seven weeks on a treadmill were characterized by invasive blood pressure measurements and echocardiography. RNA was isolated from the left ventricle and analysed on DNA microarrays containing 8740 genes. Selected genes were analysed by quantitative PCR. The exercise program resulted in cardiac hypertrophy without impaired cardiac function. Principal component analysis identified an exercise-induced change in gene expression that was distinct from the program observed in maladaptive hypertrophy. Statistical analysis identified 267 upregulated genes and 62 downregulated genes in response to exercise. Expression changes in genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins, cytoskeletal elements, signalling factors and ribosomal proteins mimicked changes previously described in maladaptive hypertrophy. Our most striking observation was that expression changes of genes involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids and glucose metabolism differentiate adaptive from maladaptive hypertrophy. Direct comparison to maladaptive hypertrophy was enabled by quantitative PCR of key metabolic enzymes including uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and fatty acid translocase (CD36). DNA microarray analysis of gene expression changes in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy suggests that a set of genes involved in fatty acid and glucose metabolism could be fundamental to the beneficial phenotype of exercise-induced hypertrophy, as these changes are absent or reversed in maladaptive hypertrophy.     

Comparative analysis of mRNA isoform expression in cardiac hypertrophy and development reveals multiple post-transcriptional regulatory modules

Cardiac hypertrophy is enlargement of the heart in response to physiological or pathological stimuli, chiefly involving growth of myocytes in size rather than in number. Previous studies have shown that the expression pattern of a group of genes in hypertrophied heart induced by pressure overload resembles that at the embryonic stage of heart development, a phenomenon known as activation of the "fetal gene program". Here, using a genome-wide approach we systematically defined genes and pathways regulated in short- and long-term cardiac hypertrophy conditions using mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and compared them with those regulated at different stages of embryonic and postnatal development. In addition, exon-level analysis revealed widespread mRNA isoform changes during cardiac hypertrophy resulting from alternative usage of terminal or internal exons, some of which are also developmentally regulated and may be attributable to decreased expression of Fox-1 protein in cardiac hypertrophy. Genes with functions in certain pathways, such as cell adhesion and cell morphology, are more likely to be regulated by alternative splicing. Moreover, we found 3'UTRs of mRNAs were generally shortened through alternative cleavage and polyadenylation in hypertrophy, and microRNA target genes were generally de-repressed, suggesting coordinated mechanisms to increase mRNA stability and protein production during hypertrophy. Taken together, our results comprehensively delineated gene and mRNA isoform regulation events in cardiac hypertrophy and revealed their relations to those in development, and suggested that modulation of mRNA isoform expression plays an importance role in heart remodeling under pressure overload.