跟骨距下关节内移位骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨总结跟骨距下关节内移位骨折的手术治疗。方法 对4例423个跟骨作了手术治疗;29个跟骨作了跟骨骨折切开复位自体骨移植支撑固定术;14个跟骨作了跟骨骨折切开复位自体移植并辅以克氏针内固定术。结果 根据术后并发症,跟骨X平片上的测量,患足功能等多方面评估。初步效果较好。结论 细致轻柔的操作。着重于跟骨距下后关节面,Bohler角的恢复准确的复位。简单有效的内固定是手术成功,获得良好效果的关键。     

快速成型技术在手术治疗跟骨关节内骨折中的应用

目的:跟骨解剖形态复杂、结构不规则,骨折多累及关节面,且致伤后关节面压缩、塌陷、粉碎严重,传统手术术区显露较局限,骨折复位较困难,关节面复位精度不高,手术时间较长,致残率高。探讨快速成型技术治疗跟骨关节内骨折的应用价值。方法:将2012年1月~2013年1月期间收治的30例SandersⅢ-Ⅳ跟骨骨折患者根据入院顺序随机均分为试验组和对照组两组,对试验组患者采用计算机辅助技术行跟骨骨折的三维重建解剖学模型,快速成型制作出与实体1:1大小的跟骨模型。依此对跟骨骨折做出明确的诊断、分型,制定手术方案,术前模拟手术,指导手术治疗,将术中指标与未模拟手术的对照组指标进行比较。结果:试验组和对照组的手术时间分别为(53.3±5.0)min和(71.4±4.9)min,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组和对照组术中出血量分别为(47.3±6.8)mL和(51.3±8.4)mL,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组术后功能评分:优良率88.2%,而对照组为88.9%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:快速成型技术能够向术者直观、立体的展示骨折的形态,使术者准确评估骨折情况,弥补术区切口显露局限的不足,提高复位精度,缩短手术时间,减少术中创伤,降低致残率,对跟骨骨折的治疗有很强的指导意义、应用前景广阔。     

口腔内入路行髁突高位骨折复位固定的临床效果

目的：探讨采用口腔内入路手术复位固定方法治疗下颌骨髁突颈骨折患者的临床效果。方法：将我院收治的20例下颌骨髁突颈骨折患者均使用口腔内入路手术复位固定方法治疗,将患者的骨折片与升支后缘骨块进行手术复位固定,并于原手术切口行回植,重建患者的下颌关节。结果：治疗后咬合关系异常者1例,开口范围限制者0例,关节疼痛者1例,均少于治疗前均为20例;治疗后关节间隙缩小者1例,髁突骨折块形状异常者1例,均少于治疗前均为20例。治疗后髁突稳定者19例,多于治疗前的1例。结论：髁突骨折治疗手术各有优缺点,采用口腔内入路手术复位固定方法治疗髁突高位骨折患者,虽然手术操作难度大,但能较好地克服了术后患者外部皮肤瘢痕明显的问题,有利于保护患者面部神经,提高患者治疗质量水平,值得临床上推广与进一步研究。     

分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon 骨折的疗效比较

目的:对比分阶段闭合复位微创内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2015年8月我院骨科收治的Pilon骨折患者122例,按照随机数表法,将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组61例。对照组患者行解剖型钢板内固定术治疗,而研究组患者行分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗。统计分析两组患者的手术指标,并通过放射学及踝关节功能共同评价手术效果,术后进行半年的随访,对比两组患者并发症的发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间及住院时间均明显低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者放射学及踝关节功能的优良率显著高于对照组(P0.01);研究组患者并发症发生率为4.92%(3/61)明显低于对照组的14.75%(9/61)(2=5.194,P=0.031)。结论:相比解剖型钢板内固定术,分阶段闭合复位微创内固定术治疗Pilon骨折临床效果更显著,并并发症的发生率低,可以作为治疗Pilon骨折的首选方法之一,值得在临床上推广使用。     

解剖型锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨解剖型锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择2009年1月~2012年12月采用解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗30例Pilon骨折患者为研究对象,所有患者在无明显手术禁忌情况下,均行开放复位钢板内固定术。术后采用Mazur评分系统评价手术效果。结果:本组全部患者均获得随访,骨折平均愈合时间为4.1个月;参照Mazur踝关节功能评分系统:优14例,良13例,可2例,差1例,优良率90%。仅1例开放性Pilon骨折患者发生皮肤感染坏死,局部缺损,经清创、VSD覆盖负压吸引,待新鲜肉芽组织形成后,行带蒂皮瓣移植术,愈合良好。结论:解剖型锁定钢板的解剖形态好,成角稳定,用于治疗Pilon骨折能够恢复关节面的完整性、稳定性,减少并发症的发生,临床效果好,安全性高。     

距骨骨折脱位外科治疗评估

目的:探讨分析外科手术治疗距骨骨折脱住的疗效.方法:自2000年4月～2008年12月,共外科手术治疗距骨骨折并脱位15例,其中10例前内侧手术入路治疗;5例采用后侧手术人路治疗.结果:15例均获得随访,随访率100%,平均随访4.3年(4个月～8年).根据美国足踝外科医生协会(AOFA-S)踝-后足评分标准进行评估[1],优良率为87%.结论:手术治疗距骨骨折并脱位疗效优良,并发症发生率低.     

股骨粗隆骨折闭合复位PFNA内固定术的手术配合

目的探讨股骨粗隆骨折闭合复位PFNA内固定术的手术配合方法。方法对22例股骨粗隆骨折行闭合复位PFNA固定术患者完善术前准备工作,术中使用牵引床时注意预防各种并发症发生,熟悉手术步骤,密切配合医生进行手术。结果 22例患者手术均顺利完成,无并发症发生。结论规范的术中护理与严谨的手术配合是手术成功的重要保障。     

跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定与外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法:选取2016年10月到2017年6月期间川北医学院附属医院收治的86例跟骨骨折患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,两组均为43例。对照组采用外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定进行治疗,观察组采用跗骨窦入路切开复位内固定进行治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、踝-后足功能优良率、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、B?hler角、Gissane角和术后并发症发生率。结果:两组患者的手术时间和骨折愈合时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),而观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后踝-后足功能优良率高于对照组(P0.05)。在术前和术后12个月时,两组患者的VAS评分、Gissane角、B?hler角比较无统计学差异(P0.05),术后12个月时两组患者的VAS评分均明显低于术前,B?hler角及Gissane角明显高于术前(P0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:跗骨窦入路和外侧"L"形入路切开复位内固定均可有效治疗跟骨骨折,但跗骨窦入路可更有效地改善踝-后足功能,且住院时间短、术后并发症发生率更低。     

解剖型钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折22例临床观察

目的分析并探讨采用跟骨解剖型钢板内固定方法对跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对22例跟骨关节内骨折患者26足采用外侧入路切开复位内固定手术治疗,根据Sanders分型法对骨折进行分型,并随访18—24个月。结果治疗后,X线片结果显示共有18足的的Bhler＇S角度处于正常范围,5足Bhler＇S角度处于15°～25°之间,2足Bhler＇S角度不足10°。26足均在7～15周内实现骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为11±3．5周。无一例发生伤感染、螺钉松动或钢板断裂。结论对于距下关节面发生塌陷性跟骨骨折的患者而言,可实施解剖型钢板内固定进行治疗,尽力恢复跟骨的外形以及后关节面的平整并尽量避免发生后遗症。对于术后出现疼痛、疗效不理想的患者,可考虑实施进一步的关节融合术。     

可塑性跟骨钛板内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨应用跟骨钢板治疗跟骨关节内骨折的疗效。方法对36例42足累及距下关节的跟骨骨折采用切开钢板内固定伴植骨治疗结果进行分析总结。结果术后36例0．5～3年随访,均骨性愈合。采用张铁良跟骨关节内骨折评分标准：优良率91．6％。结论跟骨钛板内固定结合植骨治疗跟骨骨折具有操作简单、有效恢复Bohler角和Gissane角、恢复关节面固定坚强、有利于早期踝关节功能锻炼的优点,是目前治疗跟骨关节内骨折较为理想的方法之一。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.