声带组织切片方法的比较

目的:探讨犬声带冠状位切片与水平位切片各自的特点,为声带实验提供合适的切片方法。方法:家犬4只,2只取材后行冠状位石蜡切片,2只取材后行水平位石蜡切片。通过HE染色观察声带固有层的一般组织结构,Masson三色染色观察固有层中胶原的排列情况。结果:HE染色示冠状位、水平位切片均可见声带表面被覆复层鳞状上皮,固有层内有大量排列紧密的纤维组织,纤维组织中夹杂少量腺体,固有层下方为肌层。冠状位切片可观察声带某一点冠状面固有层的情况,若观察整个声带的情况需声带连续切片;水平位切片可在一张切片中观察到前联合、声带膜部及声带突部位的固有层情况,解剖标志明显,利于定位。Masson三色染色示冠状位、水平位切片均可见固有层浅层有较细的胶原纤维束,中层有较粗的纤维束与较细的纤维束交织排列,深层纤维束排列更紧密。结论:冠状位切片可观察声带某一点冠状面固有层的整体情况,水平位切片可在一张切片中观察到前联合、膜部及声带突部位的固有层情况。     

皖西白鹅胚胎中、后期肌组织发育变化的观察

分别于17、23、29胚龄各取6枚胚胎发育正常的种蛋,分离鹅胚的心脏、肌胃及大腿骨骼肌,制作石蜡切片,HE染色,显微观察、摄影.观察皖西白鹅胚胎中、后期肌肉组织发育的变化.结果表明,17d时的骨骼肌、平滑肌、心肌的发育程度均较低,没有形成正常的肌纤维形态,之后呈现随龄性增长.骨骼肌和平滑肌在17 d～23 d期间是以肌纤维数量的增加为主,即成肌细胞的分裂增殖,23 d～29 d 期间成肌细胞分化融合形成肌纤维;心脏成纤维细胞增殖速度较快,17 d心脏肌纤维已经排列紧密基本吻合成网状;17 d后主要是心肌纤维的伸长和成熟化的过程.说明胚胎期心肌组织的生长发育要早于骨骼肌与平滑肌.     

心肌闰盘横纹切片制作改良法

心肌闰盘(intercalated disk)为心肌组织内同步兴奋的特化结构.心肌细胞末端互相连接成网,闰盘分布在细胞间连接处,在HE染色标本中呈深红色,需仔细辨认才行.而心肌闰盘及横纹是心肌结构中必须要观察的一部份,常规方法显示其结构,如Retterr氏法、Hemalinin氏法以及碘酸钠-苏木精心肌闰盘整块染色法,但步骤繁琐,染色不够稳定,常消耗大量的药品和人力.经我们改进整块组织染色切片,比其单片染色的更加清晰可辨,且易于批量制作教学切片.简介如下.     

超声心动图对心肌致密化不全的诊断及临床意义探讨

目的:探讨超声心动图对心肌致密化不全的诊断及临床意义。方法:应用Vivid7、HP5500彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(探头频率为2～4MHz)对32例左室心肌致密化不全患者进行检查,采用二维、M型、彩色及频谱多普勒观察病变心肌及心内膜改变,重点观察心尖段。常规测量各腔室内径、左室壁正常段心肌厚度及动度,评价心室舒张功能、计算左心室射血分数EF及瓣膜反流等基本信息。结果:①受累的心室内膜面可见多发异常粗大的、呈蜂窝状的肌小梁和交错深陷的隐窝形成网状结构。②病变区域心室壁外层的致密心肌明显变薄,为中低回声,较正常心肌薄2~4mm,其心肌厚度<6mm,而内层心肌疏松增厚为强回声。③病变以近心尖部1/3室壁节段最为明显,很少累及室间隔及基底段室壁。④彩色多普勒可示隐窝间隙之间有低速血流与心腔相通。⑤多数患者以渐进性的心功能不全、呼吸困难、体循环栓塞、心律失常为主要表现,本组患者临床表现为心力衰竭22例,心脏杂音3例,心律失常2例,5例无明显不适症状。结论:超声心动图检查是准确、无创诊断心肌致密化不全的首选方法,能够对房室结构和心功能进行全面评价,有助于明确心力衰竭病因并协助治疗,同时也有助于筛查心肌致密化不全家族,对临床治疗起着很好的指导作用。     

心脏壁肌的发育

高等脊椎动物心脏发育的重大事件之一是心室层上皱褶的出现,此特点使心肌冠状循环在没有出现前心肌增强其收缩能力.在随后的发育当中,皱褶层的深层凝固,发育成心室的紧密成分.临近心室内腔的其他层保留其心室和种族特异形式的皱褶.在个体发育过程中,致密层最初只有几层细胞厚,之后逐渐发育成复层螺旋结构.     

超声心动图对心肌致密化不全的诊断及临床意义探讨

目的：探讨超声心动图对心肌致密化不全的诊断及临床意义。方法：应用Vivid7、HP5500彩色多普勒超声诊断仪（探头频率为2～4MHz）对32例左室心肌致密化不全患者进行检查,采用二维、M型、彩色及频谱多普勒观察病变心肌及心内膜改变,重点观察心尖段。常规测量各腔室内径、左室壁正常段心肌厚度及动度,评价心室舒张功能、计算左心室射血分数EF及瓣膜反流等基本信息。结果：①受累的心室内膜面可见多发异常粗大的、呈蜂窝状的肌小梁和交错深陷的隐窝形成网状结构。②病变区域心室壁外层的致密心肌明显变薄,为中低回声,较正常心肌薄2~4mm,其心肌厚度〈6mm,而内层心肌疏松增厚为强回声。③病变以近心尖部1/3室壁节段最为明显,很少累及室间隔及基底段室壁。④彩色多普勒可示隐窝间隙之间有低速血流与心腔相通。⑤多数患者以渐进性的心功能不全、呼吸困难、体循环栓塞、心律失常为主要表现,本组患者临床表现为心力衰竭22例,心脏杂音3例,心律失常2例,5例无明显不适症状。结论：超声心动图检查是准确、无创诊断心肌致密化不全的首选方法,能够对房室结构和心功能进行全面评价,有助于明确心力衰竭病因并协助治疗,同时也有助于筛查心肌致密化不全家族,对临床治疗起着很好的指导作用。     

速度向量成像技术评价心肌梗死患者节段心肌收缩功能

目的:应用速度向量成像技术(VVI)比较静息状态下相同节段的正常心肌、梗死心肌及非梗死心肌纵向和径向的运动特点,评价VVI技术对冠心病心肌梗死患者节段心肌收缩功能的临床应用价值.方法:选取健康志愿者30例和心肌梗死患者30例,分为正常组与心肌梗死组.选取心尖四腔、心尖二腔、心尖左室长轴;二尖瓣水平、乳头肌水平及近心尖部水平左室短轴切面,定量分析左室前间隔、前壁、侧壁、下壁、后壁及后间隔的径向运动,以及纵向的基底段、中间段及心尖段三个分段中梗死节段、非梗死节段及正常节段的心肌速度(Vs),应变(S),应变率(SR).结果:正常人左心室各室壁基底段、中间段和心尖段速度依次递减;应变、应变率差异无统计学意义.左心室各室壁二尖瓣水平切面、乳头肌水平切面、近心尖部水平切面径向速度、应变、应变率差异无统计学意义.心肌梗死组梗死节段VVI测值均降低,与正常组比较差异具有显著性意义.结论:VVI技术可以作为无创的心肌梗死诊断指标,有助于确定或排除冠心病心肌梗死诊断.     

肌细胞增强因子2在心力衰竭过程中的作用

心脏在长期过量负荷及神经体液系统过度激活的影响下,可发生以心肌细胞肥大、心肌纤维排列紊乱、心肌间质细胞增生及胚胎基因再表达增加为主的病理改变,从而引起心脏泵功能减退、心室扩张、心室肥厚和纤维化,最终导致心力衰竭.肌细胞增强因子2(myocyte enhancerfactor 2,MEF2)是一种特定的转录因子,其主要功能是促进肌细胞分化过程中的基因转录,在骨骼肌、心肌、平滑肌的发育过程中起介导细胞分化的作用.近年来的研究发现,在心力衰竭过程中.MEF2提供了心室重构信号转导过程中的作用靶点,可能参与了心室肥厚与心力衰竭的过程.     

中国水蛇的心脏结构(英文)

在双目解剖显微镜下观察 ２４ 个经福尔马林固定的中国水蛇 （ Ｅｎｈｙｄｒｉｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 心脏。它由 １ 个静脉窦, ２个心房和２ 个心室组成, 但心室分隔不完全。除肺静脉孔外其余孔道均具瓣膜, 肺动脉口、左右体动脉口处各有一对半月瓣。左、右房室孔各有一瓣膜, 但２ 瓣在中线上合二为一, 呈帽状。心房表面可见一矢状纵沟, 但非左、右心房的分界线, 房间隔位于沟的左侧, 故右心房较大。心房壁由膜性层和肌性小梁层组成, 所有肌纤维均起止于环绕五大孔裂的结缔组织纤维环上。     

超声心动图对心肌致密化不全的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声心动图对心肌致密化不全(noncompaction of ventricularmyocardium,NVM)的诊断价值.方法:采用二维、M型及多普勒超声心动图对疑似NVM患者进行多切面扫查.结果:9例患者均为左室受累.超声心动图检查可见左室内多发杂乱的肌小梁和深陷的小梁间隙(即隐窝)交织成的"海绵"样网状结构,其中小梁间隙与心室腔相通,深陷的隐窝内血流与心室腔相交通.非致密化心肌层与致密化心肌层厚度之比大于2.结论:超声心动图是诊断NVM的重要手段,在无明显临床症状时即可诊断,具有特征性意义.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.