贵州梵净山自然保护区土壤甲螨群落的季节动态

2001年7月至2002年4月在不同的季节,对梵净山自然保护区属级水平上土壤甲螨结构的季节变化进行了调查.结果显示,土壤甲螨多度的四季变化为春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季.土壤甲螨多样性的四季变化为秋季＞夏季＞冬季＞春季.不同的季节土壤甲螨群落组成不同,但小奥甲螨属、小盾珠甲螨属、木单翼甲螨属3个属在每个季节均为绝对优势属.土壤甲螨主要分布在表层,但从夏季到冬季,土壤甲螨从表层向深层迁徙.     

云南土壤甲螨亚目调查研究初报

记述了采自云南省昆明和西双版纳的土壤甲螨31种,其中包括4新种,圆软肛甲螨Chaunoproclus orbiculalus sp.nov.多毛阳甲螨Sund azeles mulliselus sp.nov.,胀圆单翼甲螨Peloribaleslurg idus sp.nov.,宽翼爪甲螨Unguizeles curyplerus sp.nov.和2中国新纪录种:爪哇隆奥甲螨Condylop pia condylifer(Hammer,1979)、散小盾珠甲螨Suclobelbella dispersoselosa Hammer,1979.     

喀斯特小流域栓皮栎林土壤螨类群落结构特征

为比较石漠化环境与喀斯特森林土壤螨类的群落结构差异,对贵州喀斯特地区朝营小流域栓皮栎林的土壤螨类群落结构本底进行了研究,经2014年各季节的4次调查,共发现土壤螨类3目54科83属.对螨类属数、个体数量、个体密度、Shannon多样性指数(H)、Margalef丰富度指数(SR)、Pielou均匀性指数(J)、捕食性螨类成熟度指数(MI)、甲螨MGP类群和甲螨营养结构等进行了分析.结果表明:土壤螨类在类群属数和个体数量上均以甲螨亚目的属占优势,夏季和秋季具有丰富的属数、较高的个体密度与多样性,春季和秋季具有丰富的个体数量,群落分布具有明显的表聚性.捕食性螨类夏季生态类群以K选择型为主,其他季节以r选择型为主;甲螨生态类群主要为P型和O型,缝甲螨属、异珠足甲螨属和合若甲螨属等属构成了栓皮栎林土壤螨类的营养功能集团.研究表明,该区山毛榉林与其他地区山毛榉林、其他不同类型森林的土壤螨类主要类群存在差异,其中含丰富属组成的派伦螨科、厉螨科、奥甲螨科和单翼甲螨科以及多奥甲螨属、派伦满属、菌甲螨属和单翼甲螨属等数量上占优势的类群属可作为山毛榉林土壤环境的生物指示.     

中国奥甲螨科3新种（甲螨亚目：奥甲螨科）

记述采自我国南方的奥甲螨科3新种:鞭毛奧甲螨Oppia flagellifera sp.nov.、雕纹大奥甲螨Lasiobelba sculpta sp.nov.和闽越奥甲螨Vietoppia fujianensis sp.nov,。     

中国土壤甲螨二新种(蜱螨目:奥甲螨科,大翼甲螨科)

本文记述采自安徽省黄山的奥甲螨属Oppia(奥甲螨科Oppiidac)一新种和采自吉林省长春的大翼甲螨属Galumna(大翼甲螨科Galumnidae)一新种。模式标本均保存于白求恩医科大学生物教研室。文内所用量度单位均为μm。     

泰山地区土壤甲螨的群落组成和季节变动

泰山地区土壤甲螨群落由 81种组成 ,其中包括新种 2种 (山东三盲甲螨Trimalaconothrusshandongen sis、大隙钉棱甲螨Passalozetesmacrofissure)国内新记录种 5种和未定名种 18种、优势种 4种 (细条木单翼甲螨Xylobatestenuis、丽扇珠甲螨Licnodamaeuspulcherrimus、大洋上罗甲螨Epilohmanniapallidapacifica和姬三皱甲螨Rhysotritiaardua)。甲螨群落数量的季节变化明显 ,春、冬季数量最高 ,秋季次之 ,夏季最低。 5个优势属季节变化与整个群落基本一致 ,均是夏季密度最低 ,但高峰季节不完全一致。     

亚热带不同树种组成森林中土壤甲螨群落结构特征: 以江西新岗山为例

在全球环境变化的大背景下, 生物多样性丧失日益加剧。土壤动物作为生物多样性重要组成之一, 受到广泛的关注。位于我国江西省新岗山的亚热带森林生物多样性与生态系统功能实验样地(BEF-China)是全世界25个森林生物多样性控制实验样地之一。本研究自2019年9月至2022年4月在BEF-China两个不同树种组成的样地(A样地和B样地)内采样, 共获得甲螨23,704头, 隶属于34科50属61种。本文分析和对比了两个样地内甲螨群落结构的差异, 及其多度、物种丰富度、Shannon多样性指数的季节性差异; 通过Pearson检验探讨了甲螨多度与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 在A、B两个不同树种组成的森林生态系统内, 土壤甲螨群落结构及其季节动态具有显著差异。具体表现在: A样地奥甲螨科、罗甲螨科、若甲螨科和尖棱甲螨科的相对多度高于B样地; B样地菌甲螨科、盖头甲螨科和礼服甲螨科的相对多度高于A样地。A样地中夏季和秋季甲螨多度、物种丰富度和Shannon多样性指数显著低于春季和冬季; 而B样地中秋季甲螨多度和物种丰富度与春季差异不显著。Pearson检验结果显示, 凋落物木质素含量与单翼甲螨科和菌甲螨科多度呈负相关关系, 而与奥甲螨科多度呈正相关关系。菌甲螨科多度与土壤和凋落物同一理化因子的相关性基本相同(碳氮比除外), 但与凋落物碳氮比呈正相关关系而与土壤碳氮比呈负相关关系。     

鹤伴山国家森林公园土壤甲螨群落结构

2001年5月、8月、11月对鹤伴山国家森林公园土壤甲螨群落结构进行定量研究,结果表明:该地区土壤甲螨群落由41属组成,其中优势属及亚优势属5个:木单翼甲螨、合若甲螨及菌甲螨、小奥甲螨、礼服甲螨。各样点土壤甲螨群落的组成和数量分布均有明显不同,样点Ⅰ有31属,样点Ⅱ23属;密度最高的样点Ⅲ达8450头/m2,为平均密度的1.3倍,样点Ⅳ密度最低,虫口密度仅有4583头/m2,为平均密度的0.7倍。甲螨群落数量的季节变化明显,春季数量最高,秋季次之,夏季最低。MGP分析结果表明,该区土壤甲螨群落属于O型和P型,P群的种类和数量均明显多于M群和G群。甲螨群落的异质性高,多样性指数较高,可达最大多样性指数的4/5,各样点之间的多样性指数有一定的差异。各样点之间的群落相似性较高,少数样点之间为中等不相似,大多数样点间为中度相似,两种聚类方法结果明显不同,说明植被类型及海拔高度对土壤甲螨群落种类组成具有一定的影响,对其数量分布的影响更加明显。     

稻田甲螨的分类学研究（蜱螨亚纲：真螨目：甲螨亚目）

报道稻田甲螨种类共计30科36属42种,其中包括枝姣奥甲螨Pulchroppia(Pulchroppia)ramifera Wang et Li,sp.nov.。地枝奥甲螨Ramusella(Insculptoppia)humico-la Wang et Li,sp.nov.和长纹合若甲螨Zygoribatula longilinea Wang et Li,sp.nov.3新种,丝管囊甲螨Sacculozetes filosus Behan-Pelletier,1991,和尖足肋甲螨Podoribates cuspidatusSakakibara et Aoki,1966,2新纪录,此外,还提出一项新名Pulchroppia(Pulchroppia)mahunkai Wang et Li.本文除对新种和新纪录详细描述,对重要的优势种进行重描述外,还对稻田甲螨种群结构特点和存在争议的种类进行了讨论。     

贵州施秉喀斯特地区林地土壤甲螨的群落组成及多样性（英文）

【目的】为了解施秉喀斯特地区林地土壤甲螨的分布和群落组成特点,明确中国西南喀斯特地区林地类型对土壤甲螨群落密度、组成和物种多样性的影响,对该区林地土壤甲螨的群落结构及多样性进行了的调查和分析。【方法】2012年8月选取了中国西南施秉喀斯特地区典型生境中的8个样地,每个样地9个取样点,用Berlese-Tullgren装置分离土样24 h。多样性分析采用常见的多样性指数;群落相似性分析采用Jaccard相似性系数(C_J);群落聚类分析分别采用Marczewski Steinhaus 距离(C_ms)和Bray-Curtis距离,应用R 2.11程序进行类平均法聚类。【结果】结果显示,中国西南喀斯特8个样地中土壤甲螨由少数的优势属和数量众多的稀有属组成。其中全菌甲螨属 Perscheloribates (22.48%)和长单翼甲螨属 Protoribates (11.45%)个体数量最为丰富。长单翼甲螨属 Protoribate、上罗甲螨属Epilohmannia、小奥甲螨属 Oppiella、小盾珠甲螨属 Suctobelbella 和盖头甲螨属 Tectocepheus 分布广泛。本区的甲螨组成（属级水平）表现出明显热带和亚热带地区特点。在天然常绿落叶阔叶林中,甲螨的个体数量和种类数较多,但多样性不高,而在人工针叶林中甲螨多样性最高。甲螨群落组成和分布特征多样,异质性高,特别是在天然常绿落叶阔叶林中突出。【结论】研究表明,施秉喀斯特生态系统的不同林分影响甲螨的物种多样性和群落稳定性,天然常绿落叶阔叶混交林是甲螨的“避难所”。     

Decline of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides residues in the tea-garden soils of Taiwan

Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insectidies and some of their metabolites, including p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, gamma-BHC, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, were examined in the soils collected from 21 tea-gardens distributed in 15 countries of 6 prefectures in 1977, and from 100 locations distributed in 46 counties of 10 prefectures in 1984 in Taiwan. Although the use of these chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has been banned for many years, minor amounts of residues in the soils have still been detected. From 1977 to 1984, average residues of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and their metabolites in the soils of tea-gardens decreased from 5.64 to 0.06 ppb for gamma-BHC, 97 54 to 1.10 ppb for aldrin, 35.91 to 1.00 ppb for p,p'-DDE, 17.41 to 0.28 ppb for dieldrin, and 30.17 to 3.42 ppb for p,p'-DDT. But the number of positive cases increased for all chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides tested, the residual levels were not significantly different among soils with different physiochemical properties or among soil layers. No significant amount of these insecticides was found in the processed tea.     

贵州东部地区茶园土壤中气和前气门螨种类调查研究（蜱螨亚纲）

报道了贵州东部地区茶园土壤中气门和前气门螨类29种,分属2亚目11科。     

Species of the family Cepheidae Berlese, 1896 (Acarida: Oribatida) from the Maghreb

The species of cepheid mites (Acarida, Oribatida, Cepheidae) from Maghrebian soils are listed and taxonomically revised. The six species, including two new entities, one of which represents the new genus Tereticepheus , offer interesting data for a biogeographical discussion of faunal movements in the western Mediterranean area during the last 20 million years.     

New Data on the fauna of oribatid mites (Acari,Oribatida) from the polar Urals

The fauna of oribatid mites in soils of the polar Ural mountains (the lower Malaya Paipudyna River, Labytnangi District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area, 67°06′N, 65°20′E) was studied. Samples from the upper soil layer and litter were collected along a transect running from the floodplain to the mountain lichen tundra (from 150 to 520 m a.s.l.. A total of about 10 thousand mites belonging to 82 species of 34 families were collected, and the distribution of some species in various biotopes was recorded. 46 species and 11 families (Hypochthoniidae, Euphthiracaridae, Phthiracaridae, Nanhermanniidae, Trhypochthoniidae, Cepheidae, Eremaeidae, Thyrisomidae, Micreremidae, Passalozetidae, and Scutoverticidae) are new to the fauna of the polar Urals. Together with these new taxa, the oribatid fauna of the polar Urals comprises not less than 106 species of 34 families. This fauna consists mainly of species with the wide polyzonal geographical distribution.     

Scale dependent diversity patterns in arboreal and terrestrial oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) communities

In naturally fragmented, isolated, or patchily distributed habitats that contain non‐vagile organisms, we expect dispersal to be limited, and patterns of diversity to differ from similar, yet continuous habitats. We explored the alpha‐beta‐gamma relationship and community composition of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) inhabiting spatially discrete canopy suspended soils, and compared the patterns of diversity with the continuous forest floor soils over two years. We explored dispersal limitation for oribatid mites in the canopy by using additive partitioning of species richness at multiple spatial scales. ANOSIM was used to demonstrate differences in oribatid mite community composition between the canopy and forest floor habitats over different sampling periods. Community composition of oribatid mites differed significantly between canopy and forest floor habitats, by season and yearly sampling period. Oribatid mite richness and abundance were positively correlated with substrate moisture content, particularly in the canopy. Richness and abundance of ground oribatid mites was greater in September than in June, a trend that is reversed in the canopy, suggesting canopy oribatid mite species may have altered life histories to take advantage of earlier moisture conditions. Alpha diversity of oribatid mites in the canopy was lower than the ground at all sampling levels, and not significantly different from a random distribution in either habitat. Beta diversity was greater than expected from a random distribution at the patch‐ and tree‐level in the canopy suggesting dispersal limitation associated with physical tree‐to‐tree dispersal barriers, and limited dispersal among patches within a tree. Beta diversity at the tree‐level was the largest contribution to overall species richness in both canopy and ground habitats, and was also greater than expected on the ground. These results suggest that factors other than physical dispersal barriers, such as aggregation, habitat availability, and environmental factors (moisture), may limit the distribution of species in both habitats.     

Past and present vegetation ecology of Laetoli, Tanzania

We are attempting to set up a new protocol for palaeoecological reconstruction in relation to the fossil hominin site Laetoli, Tanzania. This is based on the premise that habitat variability in the past was at least as great as at present; that this variability at the landscape level is a function of variations in geology, soils, and topography rather than climate; and that vegetation type at the landscape level can be reconstructed from these environmental variables. Measurable variation in climate in tropical Africa today occurs over distances of at least 100 km, so that ranges of habitat variation within the limited area of Laetoli today can be reconstructed in relation to soils and topography, and the effects of climate changes are then estimated in relation to these other factors. In order to document the modern vegetation, we have made voucher collections of plants in the Laetoli region, recorded distributions of plants by habitat, climate, soil, and topography, and mapped the vegetation distributions. Results show that areas of low relief have soils with impeded drainage and dense Acacia drepanolobium woodland, having low canopies when disturbed by human action, higher when not; shallow brown soils on volcanic lavas have four woodland associations, two dominated by Acacia species, two by Combretum-Albizia species; shallow volcanic soils to the east have a woodland association with Croton-Dombeya-Albizia species; elevated land to the east on volcanic soils has two associations of montane-edge species, one with Croton-Celtis-Lepidotrichilia, and the other with Acacia lahai; the eastern highlands above 2,750 m have montane forest; seasonal water channels flowing from east to west have three Acacia riverine woodland associations; three deep valleys to the north of the area have dense riverine woodland with Celtis, Albizia, Euclea, Combretum, Acacia spp.; emergence of springs at Endulen feed a perennial stream with closed gallery forest with Ficus-Croton-Lepidotrichilia; and, finally, recent ash falls have produced immature alkaline soils with calcrete formation and short grass vegetation. All of these vegetation associations have been modified by human disturbance to greater or lesser degrees, and we have attempted to allow for this both by basing the associations on the least modified areas and by predicting how the associations, or parts of associations, have been altered by human action. Past land forms at Laetoli have been based on the geology and geomorphology of the area. Past vegetation patterns were estimated by superimposing present distributions of plant associations on equivalent landforms in the past, assuming similar climate to the present. This indicates the overall pattern of vegetation at Laetoli to have been a mosaic of low and tall deciduous woodlands and with riverine woodland and forest associations along water courses. Low woodlands would have been dominated by Acacia species, and tall woodlands by Combretum-Albizia species, with increasing increments of montane species, such as Croton species, to the east of the area. Riverine woodlands would have been dominated by Acacia-Euclea species, with wetter associations (downriver or linked with spring activity) supporting gallery forest with Ficus, Celtis, and Croton species. These are all species associations common in the area today, and with landforms little changed in the past, and assuming similar climate, there is every reason to predict that they would have been present in the past. Moreover, Pliocene environments lack the human disturbance that has destroyed much of the present day vegetation. Presence of woodlands is supported by fossil wood attributed to several of the tree species present in the area today and by similarities in the mammalian community structure between past and present. Having established the pattern for Pliocene vegetation based on climatic variables existing today, we then predict the effects of past variations in climate.     

Two new species of oribatid mites of the genus Truncozetes (Acari,Oribatida, Epactozetidae) from?Ecuador

Two new oribatid mite species of the genus Truncozetes (Oribatida, Epactozetidae), Truncozetes ecuadoriensis sp. n. and Truncozetes monodactylus sp. n., are described from the Ecuadorian soils. The morphology of the gnathosoma and the legs is presented in detail for the first time for the species of Truncozetes. An identification key to all known species of the family Epactozetidae is given.     

Tree Community Change across 700 km of Lowland Amazonian Forest from the Andean Foothills to Brazil

We describe patterns of tree community change along a 700-km transect through terra firme forests of western Amazonia, running from the base of the Andes in Ecuador to the Peru–Brazil border. Our primary question is whether floristic variation at large scales arises from many gradual changes or a few abrupt ones. Data from 54 1-ha tree plots along the transect support the latter model, showing two sharp discontinuities in community structure at the genus level. One is located near the Ecuador–Peru border, where the suite of species that dominates large areas of Ecuadorean forest declines abruptly in importance to the east. This discontinuity is underlain by a subterranean paleoarch and congruent with a change in soil texture. A second discontinuity is associated with the shift from clay to white sand soils near Iquitos. We hypothesize that the first discontinuity is part of an edaphic boundary that runs along the Andean piedmont and causes a transition from tree communities preferring richer, younger soils near the base of the Andes to those preferring poorer, older soils farther east. Because the floristic changes observed at this discontinuity are conserved for large distances to the east and west of it, the discontinuity is potentially key for understanding floristic variation in western Amazonia. The significant floristic turnover at the Ecuador–Peru border suggests that the only large protected area in the region—Ecuador's Yasuní National Park—is not adequate protection for the very diverse tree communities that cover vast areas of northern Peru.     

The oribatid mite genus Macrogena (Acari,Oribatida, Ceratozetidae), with description of two new species from New Zealand

Two new species of oribatid mites of the genus Macrogena (Oribatida, Ceratozetidae) are described from alpine soils of the South Island of New Zealand. Macrogena brevisensilla sp. n. and Macrogena abbreviata sp. n. differ from all species of this genus by the tridactylous legs and by the comparatively short interlamellar setae, respectively. New generic diagnosis and an identification key to the known species of Macrogena are provided.     

Autotrophic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Contribute Minimally to Nitrification in a Nitrogen-Impacted Forested Ecosystem

Deposition rates of atmospheric nitrogenous pollutants to forests in the San Bernardino Mountains range east of Los Angeles, California, are the highest reported in North America. Acidic soils from the west end of the range are N-saturated and have elevated rates of N-mineralization, nitrification, and nitrate leaching. We assessed the impact of this heavy nitrogen load on autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing communities by investigating their composition, abundance, and activity. Analysis of 177 cloned β-Proteobacteria ammonia oxidizer 16S rRNA genes from highly to moderately N-impacted soils revealed similar levels of species composition; all of the soils supported the previously characterized Nitrosospira clusters 2, 3, and 4. Ammonia oxidizer abundance measured by quantitative PCR was also similar among the soils. However, rates of potential nitrification activity were greater for N-saturated soils than for soils collected from a less impacted site, but autotrophic (i.e., acetylene-sensitive) activity was low in all soils examined. N-saturated soils incubated for 30 days with ammonium accumulated additional soluble ammonium, whereas less-N-impacted soils had a net loss of ammonium. Lastly, nitrite production by cultivated Nitrosospira multiformis, an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium adapted to relatively high ammonium concentrations, was significantly inhibited in pH-controlled slurries of sterilized soils amended with ammonium despite the maintenance of optimal ammonia-oxidizing conditions. Together, these results showed that factors other than autotrophic ammonia oxidizers contributed to high nitrification rates in these N-impacted forest soils and, unlike many other environments, differences in nitrogen content and soil pH did not favor particular autotrophic ammonia oxidizer groups.