Studies on the effect of monoamine antagonists on the morphogenesis of the newt

The effects of three monoamine antagonists, p-chlorophenylalanine, diethyldithiocarbamate and propranolol on the morphogenesis of newt embryos were studied. Antagonists were administered during late blastula through neurula stages. In a concentration of 1 mM, all three arrested gastrulation and caused disintegration of the embryos. Lower concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) retarded morphogenetic movements in the gastrulation and caused malformations especially in the anterior parts of the embryos; pigmentation was delayed by 1 or 2 days. In addition, p-CIPhe inhibited yolk granule degradation in the notochord and DEDTC caused notochordal hypertrophy. The results show that interference with synthesis or action of catecholamines and serotonin affects morphogenesis. With the methods used it is not possible to discover exactly how monoamines regulate the morphogenetic events because of the unspecific side effects of the antagonists and the feedback interactions between the monoamines.     

动态增强磁共振扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振成像扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值,为临床诊断提供影像学依据。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2013年5月在我院经穿刺或手术病理证实为乳腺癌的59例患者的临床资料,患者术前均行超声与动态增强MR检查。依据病理组织活检和临床随访分别评价动态增强MR和UE对乳腺癌诊断的准确性。结果:DCE-MRI检测共发现病灶59个,55个初步诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤(BI-RADS 4-5),4个诊断为良性(BI-RADS 3),诊断准确率为93.22%(55/59)。UE对59个病灶进行评分,54个评分为乳腺恶性肿瘤,5个评分为良性,诊断率为91.53%(54/59)。UE检测乳腺癌的敏感性明显低于DCE-MRI及DCE-MRI+UE,DCE-MRI检测乳腺癌的特异性明显低于UE及DCE-MRI+UE,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。DCE-MRI+UE诊断乳腺癌的准确率为96.61%(57/59),明显高于DCE-MRI或UE单独检测的准确率(P0.05)。结论:动态增强MR诊断乳腺癌的敏感性较高,而超声弹性成像的特异性较好,两者联合可提高诊断准确率,对乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Observations on the Occurrence of Prickles on the Leaves of Ilex aquifolium

The number of prickles upon the edge of a leaf is related bycomplex laws to the size of the leaf, the number of prickleson the other edge, the number of prickles on other leaves ofthe shoot, the phyllotaxy of the shoot, and the intrinsic asymmetryof the leaf. The available evidence indicates that pricklesarise by the interaction of not less than five recognizablephysiological systems. The physical nature of these systemsis unknown but their mathematical properties have been partlyelucidated. Some of them are found to involve the transmissionof morphogenetic impulses while others may be purely local intheir action. As one of the consequences of this physiologicalsituation it is found that shoots having opposite directionsof phyllotaxy differ quantitatively as well as qualitatively.     

Studies on the Behaviors of Impurities on the Crystallization of l-Glutamic Acid

The behaviors of impurities on the crystallizations of the free acid and the hydrochloride, monosodium, zinc, calcium and barium salts of l-glutamic acid were examined, and a tendency was recognized that coexisting impurities were apt to be taken into the crystals when the crystallization proceeded from the zwitterion, i.e., Glu.^± or The adsorption of l-tyro-sine was compared when l, d and dl-glutamic acid were crystallized with coexistence of l-tyrosine, and an effect of more or less extent of steric configuration on its behavior could be recognized.     

Studies on the Behaviors of Impurities on the Crystallization of l-Glutamic Acid

The behaviors of impurities such as amino acids and inorganic salts at the time of crystallization of l-glutamic acid were investigated; and it was concluded that amino acids which co-existed in the solution of l-glutamic acid followed the crystals of l-glutamic acid persistently, and the contamination mechanism would not be clarified by the adherence of mother liquor or the formation of liquid foams in the crystals, or by the mixed crystal formation, but by a physical adsorption on the crystal surfaces.     

Studies on the Behaviors of Impurities on the Crystallization of L-Glutamie Acid

The influences of some factors at the both sides of the solid and liquid phases on the solubilities of L-glutamic acid in α and β-forms in water were examined.

As differences in the conditions of the liquid phase, the effects of co-existing inorganic neutral salts and amino acids on the solubilities were investigated; and as for the inorganic neutral salts applied here, salting-in effects were recognized, the degrees of which were in the following order, i.e., NH₄Cl, (NH₄)₂SO₄>KCl>NaCl. The effect in the β-form was larger than that of in the α-form. The influence of co-existing amino acids was very little if the amount was not so much, but the tendency to increase the solubility could be recognized.

As a difference in the condition of the solid phase, the purity of the crystals was picked up, and it was clarified that the crude crystal of L-glutamic acid in α-form gave a larger value of the solubility than the purified one.