尿嘧啶对单胺氧化酶的抑制作用

给青年小鼠(1月龄)po尿嘧啶25—800mg/kg对脑和肝MAO-B活性抑制作用与剂量成明显量-效关系,而对MAO-A抑制较弱。多次po尿嘧啶300mg/kg对老年小鼠(18月龄)脑MAO活性抑制作用明显强于对青年小鼠,并能增加老年小鼠脑组织5-HT和DA含量。另外,随年龄增加,小鼠血、脑和肝组织MAO活性显著升高,而上述组织中尿嘧啶含量则明显降低。体外实经证明,尿嘧啶对MAO-B活性抑制程度明显强子对MAO-A,并且对MAO-B为竞争性抑制,对MAO-A为混合型抑制。     

小鼠生长过程中肝、肺、肾胶原蛋白与MMP-1含量变化

利用高效液相色谱法(High performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)和酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immunoassay,ELISA)对小鼠生长过程中肝、肺、肾胶原蛋白与基质金属蛋白酶-1(Matrix metalloproteinase-1,MMP-1)含量变化规律进行研究。以0–18周的小鼠肝、肺、肾为研究对象,通过HPLC法对不同周龄小鼠肝、肺、肾中羟脯胺酸(Hydroxyproline,Hyp)含量及比例进行测定,并换算得到胶原蛋白的含量;利用ELISA检测不同周龄小鼠肝、肺、肾中MMP-1的含量和活性。结果表明,小鼠肝、肺、肾中胶原含量各不相同(肺(COL)>肾(COL)>肝(COL)),且随着周龄的增加胶原蛋白含量变化均呈先增加后降低的趋势。其中肝、肺、肾中胶原蛋白含量分别在第9、6、9周达到最高值,分别为5.52 ng/mg、54.10 ng/mg、19.20 ng/mg;9–18周呈缓慢降低趋势。ELISA检测结果表明,小鼠肝、肺、肾中MMP-1的含量随周龄增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,MMP-1活性的变化趋势与之相反。这表明组织内胶原蛋白含量的增加会抑制MMP-1的分泌。     

地锦粗提物对脾虚小鼠脏器指数和抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨地锦粗提物对脾虚小鼠脏器指数和抗氧化能力的影响,为防治脾虚提供参考。方法 30只昆明小鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,即对照组、脾虚组和地锦组。脾虚组和地锦组采用泻下加劳倦方法,灌服大承气汤30 g/(kg.d),并负重游泳,对照组灌服生理盐水30 g/(kg.d),不游泳,持续60 d,然后灌胃60 d,地锦组灌胃地锦水醇浸出液30 g/(kg.d),脾虚组和对照组给予相当剂量的生理盐水。实验结束后取心、肝、脾、肺、肾,称重并计算脏器指数,测血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,测心、肝、脾、肺、肾中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果脾虚组心指数和肺指数极显著增加,左肾指数显著增加,地锦组心指数显著增加。地锦组的血浆CAT和GSH-Px活力显著高于脾虚组,地锦组肝和脾中的SOD活力显著高于脾虚组,地锦组脾、肺MDA含量显著低于脾虚组。结论地锦粗提物可降低脾虚小鼠的脏器指数,并可提高脾虚小鼠抗氧化能力。     

黄芪甲苷在正常小鼠与2型糖尿病肾病 db/db小鼠体内分布差异的比较研究

为研究黄芪甲苷(Astragaloside IV,AS-Ⅳ)在正常小鼠(db/m)和2型糖尿病肾病(db/db)小鼠体内的组织分布差异,为AS-Ⅳ抗2型糖尿病肾病的临床运用及新药研发提供实验依据。以尾静脉注射给予2型糖尿病肾病(db/db)和正常小鼠(db/m)小鼠AS-Ⅳ,剂量为8 mg/kg。于15 min、2 h、4 h时处死小鼠,收集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、小肠、脑、肌肉组织,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定各组织中AS-Ⅳ含量,对比AS-Ⅳ在正常及病理状态下,在各组织中的分布差异。在2型糖尿病肾病状态下,AS-Ⅳ在肝、脾、肺、肾组织中浓度分别为349.72±70.72、370.69±45.46、5 830.65±581.75、4 290.63±485.34 ng/mL;正常状态下,AS-Ⅳ在肝、脾、肺、肾组织中浓度分别为202.47±47.96、267.92±41.24、4 725.80±867.51、2 354.55±256.11 ng/mL,在2型糖尿病肾病状态下,AS-Ⅳ在肝、脾、肺、肾组织中浓度显著高于其在正常组织中浓度(P0.05)。静脉注射给药后,肺、肾、心、胃、脾是其主要分布器官,其中在肺、肾组织中浓度最高;病理状态下,AS-Ⅳ组织分布发生了一定改变,为AS-Ⅳ防治2型糖尿病肾病的临床合理应用及开发提供实验依据。     

复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响北大核心CSCD

研究以乌梅、马齿苋等为主要成分的复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种雌性小鼠作为实验动物,试验设3个剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg·bw)和1个溶剂对照组。灌胃28 d后,检测小鼠血清以及心、肝、脾、肾组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。复方中草药提取物在100、200、400 mg/kg·bw三个剂量水平上均可导致小鼠血清、心、肝、脾、肾组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著增强,降低小鼠上述组织中MDA含量,并呈现剂量反应关系。本研究中的复方中草药提取物可提高昆明种雌性小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的研究价值。     

复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响

研究以乌梅、马齿苋等为主要成分的复方中草药提取物对小鼠机体抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种雌性小鼠作为实验动物,试验设3个剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg·bw)和1个溶剂对照组。灌胃28 d后,检测小鼠血清以及心、肝、脾、肾组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。复方中草药提取物在100、200、400 mg/kg·bw三个剂量水平上均可导致小鼠血清、心、肝、脾、肾组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性显著增强,降低小鼠上述组织中MDA含量,并呈现剂量反应关系。本研究中的复方中草药提取物可提高昆明种雌性小鼠机体的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的研究价值。     

PPARγ与c/EBPα基因在苏太猪不同组织中的表达水平探究

为探究PPARγ与c/EBPα基因在苏太猪不同组织中的表达与脂肪沉积的关系,本实验以10月龄苏太猪为研究对象,运用实时荧光定量PCR (q RT-PCR)技术检测PPARγ与c/EBPα基因mRNA在苏太猪心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、背最长肌和皮下脂肪8个组织中的表达水平。结果表明,PPARγ与c/EBPα基因在苏太猪的8个组织中均有不同程度的表达,其中,PPARγ基因在苏太猪脾脏组织中的表达量最高,皮下脂肪中的表达水平仅次于脾;以背最长肌中PPARγ基因的相对表达量作对比,背最长肌与脾、肺和皮下脂肪的相对表达差异极显著(p<0.01),其余为差异不显著(p>0.05),表达量高低顺序为脾>皮下脂肪>肺>心>胃>肾>肝>背最长肌;c/EBPα基因在苏太猪的皮下脂肪的表达量最高,以背最长肌中c/EBPα基因的相对表达量作对比,在肝、脾、皮下脂肪组织中表达差异极显著(p<0.01),肺的相对表达差异显著(p<0.05),其余组织中差异不显著(p>0.05),表达量的高低顺序为皮下脂肪>肝>脾>肺>肾>心>胃>背最长肌。两基因在各组织中表达趋势趋于一致。试验结果表明PPARγ和c/EBPα基因可能对猪脂肪沉积有重要影响。     

不同日龄大白猪视黄酸受体α基因组织表达

研究采用RT-PCR方法对大白猪的视黄酸受体α基因在1日龄、90日龄、180日龄、270日龄和360日龄的心、肝、胃、脾、肾、肺、大肠、小肠、肌肉、子宫、卵巢共11个组织的表达情况进行了研究。结果表明,RARαmRNA在肝、脾、肾、大肠、小肠、子宫和卵巢中持续表达,其中脾、大肠和小肠是持续高表达;180日龄时,所有组织的RARαmRNA的表达量普遍降低;360日龄时,所检的11个组织均高水平表达该基因。     

GF级KM小鼠生长曲线、主要脏器参数及生理生化指标的测定分析

目的采用对SPF级KM小鼠进行剖宫产术,用无菌奶妈代乳方法,培育出GF级（即无菌级）KM小鼠,了解GF级KM小鼠的生长发育并绘制出生长曲线;测定其不同生长阶段的主要脏器重量及血液生理生化值并进行比较分析。方法①分别称取60只（雌雄各半）0～112日龄GF级KM小鼠体重,绘制其生长曲线;②随机抽取28、56、112日龄的KM小鼠60只（雌雄各半）,活体称重,依次剖取心、肝等主要脏器称重;③小鼠眼眶采血,测定其血常规和生化值。结果 GF级KM小鼠的体重随着日龄的增长而逐渐增加,断奶后1～2周内增重最为迅速,4周后的雄鼠体重明显高于雌鼠;主要脏器（心、肝、脾、肺、脑等）重量随年龄增大均逐渐增加,盲肠体积增大尤其明显,而胸腺随着日龄的增加而逐渐萎缩,其重量迅速减轻;同一日龄GF级KM小鼠的雌雄间血常规和生化值指标均存在差异,但随着年龄的增加差异的项目逐渐增多。结论 GF级KM小鼠生长发育和血液生理生化的研究结果可为KM小鼠的标准化及最终成为国际标准品系提供基础数据。     

羊耳菊提取物主要活性成分在大鼠体内的组织分布研究

为了研究大鼠灌胃羊耳菊提取物后7个指标成分在体内的组织分布情况,实验建立同时测定大鼠组织中4,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、新绿原酸、绿原酸、3,4-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、1,3-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、隐绿原酸、木犀草苷的UPLC-MS/MS方法,将羊耳菊提取物灌胃给予SD大鼠,分别于给药0. 5、1. 5、5 h取其主要脏器和组织,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定各时间点下7个指标成分在脏器和组织中的分布情况。大鼠灌胃羊耳菊提取物后,对于新绿原酸,其浓度0. 5 h在小肠、肾、肺、肝达到峰值; 1. 5 h在胃、肌、脾达到峰值; 5 h在心达到峰值。对于绿原酸,其浓度0. 5 h在小肠、肾、肺、心达到峰值; 1. 5 h在胃、肌、脾、肝达到峰值。对于隐绿原酸,其浓度0. 5 h在小肠、肾、肺达到峰值; 1. 5 h时在心、肝、脾、肺、胃达到峰值。对于1,3-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸,其浓度0. 5 h在心、肺、肾、小肠达到峰值; 1. 5 h在肝、脾、肌、胃达到峰值。对于3,4-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸,其浓度0. 5 h在小肠和肾达到峰值; 1. 5 h在肝、脾、肌、胃达到峰值; 5 h在心、肺达到峰值。对于4,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸,其浓度0. 5 h在小肠、肾、心达到峰值; 1. 5 h在肝、脾、肌、胃达到峰值; 5 h在肺达到峰值。对于木犀草苷,其浓度0. 5h在小肠和心达到峰值; 1. 5 h在肝、脾、胃达到峰值; 5 h在肺和肾达到峰值。7个指标成分可迅速、广泛地分布在各组织器官中,脑组织中未检测到该7种成分。7种成分主要分布在胃、小肠和肾组织中,对肾脏表现出较强的亲和力,推测肾脏可能是羊耳菊的主要排泄器官之一。     

Characterization of the antioxidant status of the heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knockout mouse

The antioxidant status of several tissues (liver, kidney, lung, brain, heart, muscle, stomach, and spleen) from heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mutant mice (Sod2-/+) was characterized. The activity of MnSOD was decreased (30 to 80%) in all tissues examined. The levels of mRNA coding for the major antioxidant enzymes (CuZnSOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were not significantly altered in liver, kidney, heart, lung, or brain in the Sod2-/+ mice. The activities of the enzymes were not altered in any of these tissues, with the exception of a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in muscle in the Sod2-/+ mice compared to the Sod2+/+ mice. Thus, there was no up-regulation of the activities of the major antioxidant enzymes to compensate for the decrease in MnSOD activity. Reduced glutathione levels were 30 to 50% lower in the lung, brain, and muscle of the Sod2-/+ mice compared to the wild-type Sod2+/+ mice. In addition, the ratio of GSH/GSSG was decreased approximately 50% in Sod2-/+ muscle, indicating that the decrease in MnSOD activity in the Sod2-/+ mice results in some degree of oxidative stress in this tissue.     

Immunochemical characteristics of the peroxidases of several mouse tissues]

Enzymes catalyzing peroxidase reaction of a lysosomal fraction in bone marrow, leucocytes, spleen, thyroid gland, stomach, kidney, heart, lungs, brain and skeletal muscle of mice were investigated by immunochemical methods. A high level of peroxidase activity was discovered in leucocytes, bone marrow, spleen, heart and lung, a lower activity appeared to be characteristic of liver, thyroid gland and kidney. The peroxidase activities in brain, skeletal muscle and stomach were low. The reaction of immunoprecipitation with myeloperoxidase-specific antiserum revealed considerable antigenic distinctions between the enzymes catalysing peroxidase reaction in various tissues of mice.     

Tissue-specific variation in repair activity for 3-methyladenine in DNA in two stocks of mice

Two stocks of mice, hybrid (C3H X 101)F1 and inbred SEC/R1, were compared for 3-methyladenine-DNA N-glycosylase activity which is involved in removal of 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine and some other N-methylpurines in DNA, in cell-free extracts of different tissues. Based on activity measured both per unit weight of tissue and per mass DNA, there is a significant organ-specific and stock-specific difference in N-glycosylase activity over a range of 0.5-8.7 fmoles of 3-methyladenine released per h at 37 degrees C per micrograms DNA of tissue extract. On a per cell basis, the repair activity for 3-methyladenine is the highest in stomach in both stocks. The tissue can be arranged in order of decreasing activity of glycolytic removal as stomach greater than kidney greater than lung greater than liver greater than spleen greater than brain greater than ovary for SEC/R1 mice and stomach greater than kidney greater than ovary greater than spleen, lung and brain greater than liver for the hybrid mice. For all tissues except ovary, SEC/R1 mice have 1.5-4-fold higher specific N-glycosylase activity than (C3H X 101)F1 mice. In contrast, the ovary of SEC/R1 stock has about half as much enzyme activity as that of the hybrid stock.     

Decrease of hepatic catalase level by treatment with diallyl sulfide and garlic homogenates in rats and mice

Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is a flavor compound derived from garlic and is active in the inhibition of chemically induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity in animal models. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the treatment of DAS and garlic homogenates on the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with DAS i.g. at daily doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg for 8 days, causing the hepatic catalase activity to decrease by 55 and 95%, respectively. Such a decrease in hepatic catalase activity was also observed when the DAS treatment was extended to 29 days. Western blot analysis showed that the DAS treatments resulted in corresponding decreases in the liver catalase protein level. No significant change in the catalase activity in the kidney, lung, and brain was observed with the treatments, but a slight decrease in heart catalase activity was observed. These treatments did not cause significant changes in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in these tissues. Treatment with DAS at a daily dose of 200 mg/kg for 1-7 days resulted in a gradual decrease in the liver catalase activity to 5% of the control level, but it did not decrease the erythrocyte catalase activity. Treatment of rats with fresh garlic homogenates (2 or 4 g/kg, i.g., daily for 7 days) caused a 35% decrease in liver catalase activity. A/J mice treated with DAS and garlic homogenates also showed a decrease in the liver catalase activity. Diallyl sulfone (DASO2), a DAS metabolite, however, did not effectively decrease catalase activity in mice. The catalase activity was not inhibited by either DAS or DASO2 in vitro. The present results demonstrate that treatment with DAS and garlic homogenates decrease the hepatic catalase level in rats and mice.     

流行性出血热病毒感染NIH裸鼠免疫组织化学研究

流行性出血热病毒（ＥｐｉｄｅｍｉｃＨｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｉｃＦｅｖｅｒｖｉｒｕｓ,ＥＨＦＶ）感染ＮＩＨ裸鼠后,濒死状态取材,应用免疫组织化学方法（ＡＢＣ）检测各组织中的特异性病毒抗原。结果表明,ＮＩＨ裸鼠对ＥＨＦＶ感染敏感,感染后其脑、肺、肝、肾和心脏组织实质细胞浆内均可检出特异性抗原。     

Glutathione reductase activity and flavin concentration in guinea-pig tissues.

Glutathione reductase (GR) activity and flavin concentration were studied in systemic tissues (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, muscle, kidney, testis) and blood components (erythrocytes and plasma) from male guinea-pigs. GR activity and the flavin concentration were high in kidney and liver, and low in muscle. GR activity in erythrocytes was found in a range of tissues, but flavin concentration in erythrocytes was lower than in any tissues. GR was saturated with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in almost all tissues, but not in muscle or erythrocytes.     

肝细胞生长因子mRNA在成年小鼠和人胎儿不同器官中的表达

本实验从成年小鼠和胎龄４－５月的人胎儿不同器官中分离总ＲＮＡ。经斑点印迹分析显示,肝细胞生长因子（ＨＧＦ）ｍＲＮＡ在成年ＫＭ小鼠多种器官中表达,其表达水平由高到低依次为：肺、肝、肾、卵巢、睾丸、大脑和胃;在脾、心、骨髓、小肠和骨骼肌组织中以ＨＧＦｍＲＮＡ。在胎龄４－５月的人胎儿中,ＨＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达水平由高到低依次为：大脑、肝、腮腺、胃、小肠、肾、心和骨骼肌;肺和脾组织为阴性。由此可见,ＨＧＦ在成     

Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in albino rat

Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation (LPX) and antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in various organs like brain, heart, lung, liver and kidney of the albino rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 min/day for a period of 30 days were assayed. It was observed that the lipid peroxide levels in liver, lung and kidney were enhanced in case of animals exposed to cigarette smoke, whereas brain and heart did not show any change as compared to control animals. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes was also elevated in liver, lung and kidney of the test animals whereas, brain and heart did not show any change in the activities of all of these antioxidant enzymes except glutathione-s-transferase which was increased in brain also. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was lowered in liver, lung and kidney of the tested animals when compared with the control animals but there was no significant change in brain and heart. The results of our study suggest that cigarette smoke induces lipid peroxidation in liver, lung and kidney, and the antioxidant enzymes levels were enhanced in order to protect these tissues against the deleterious effect of the oxygen derived free radicals. The depletion of reduced glutathione in these organs could be due to it's utilization by the tissues to mop off the free radicals.     

Identification, expression and tissue distribution of cytidine 5′-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase activity in the rat

We report the postnatal developmental profiles of N-acetylneuraminic acid cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.43) (CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase) in different rat tissues. This enzyme, which catalyses the activation of NeuAc to CMP-Neu5Ac, was detected in brain, kidney, heart, spleen, liver, stomach, intestine, lung, thymus, prostate and urinary bladder but not in skeletal muscle. Comparative analysis of the different specific activity profiles obtained shows that the expression of CMP Neu5Ac synthetase is tissue-dependent and does not seem to be embryologically determined. Changes in the level of sialylation during development were also found to be intimately related to variations in the expression of this enzyme, at least in brain, heart, kidney, stomach, intestine and lung.     

Changes in drug-metabolizing activities in the livers of suckling rats as a result of treatment of the lactating mothers with phenobarbitone and chlorpromazine

1. The activities in rat tissues of 3-oxo acid CoA-transferase (the first enzyme involved in acetoacetate utilization) were found to be highest in kidney and heart. In submaxillary and adrenal glands the activities were about one-quarter of those in kidney and heart. In brain it was about one-tenth and was less in lung, spleen, skeletal muscle and epididymal fat. No activity was detectable in liver. 2. The activities of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase were found roughly to parallel those of the transferase except for liver and adrenal glands. The high activity in the latter two tissues may be explained by additional roles of thiolase, namely, the production of acetyl-CoA from fatty acids. 3. The activities of the two enzymes in tissues of mouse, gerbil, golden hamster, guinea pig and sheep were similar to those of rat tissues. The notable exception was the low activity of the transferase and thiolase in sheep heart and brain. 4. The activities of the transferase in rat tissues did not change appreciably in starvation, alloxan-diabetes or on fat-feeding, where the rates of ketone-body utilization are increased. Thiolase activity increased in kidney and heart on fat-feeding. 5. The activity of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase did not change in rat brain during starvation. 6. The factors controlling the rate of ketone-body utilization are discussed. It is concluded that the activities of the relevant enzymes in the adult rat do not control the variations in the rate of ketone-body utilization that occur in starvation or alloxan-diabetes. The controlling factor in these situations is the concentration of the ketone bodies in plasma and tissues.