银川市三甲医院职工医保总额预付制运行效果研究

目的 分析宁夏银川市三级甲等医院职工基本医疗保险总额预付制的基本运行情况以及综合实施效果变化,为更好的实施总额预付制提供合理的建议。方法 对7家三甲医院2012年以及2013年的出院人次、次均费用、次均医保支付、非医保支付指标进行统计对比,运用秩和比法综合评价7家三甲医院总额预付制实施的效果。结果 2013年7家三甲医院一共透支了34.88%,2013年较2012年次均费用、次均医保支付、非医保支付比例均呈现增长趋势,次均医保支付增长幅度与次均费用增长幅度不成比例,而且次均医保支付增长均远远高于次均费用增长。宁夏人民医院和宁夏医科大总院心脑血管病医院的RSR值小幅度增加,其余5家三甲医院的RSR值均降低。结论 7所三甲医院透支严重,医院承担很大超支的风险和压力,对医院的正常运营会有影响。总体来看,政策没有有效的控制医疗费用的增长,总额预付制的综合运行效果不明显。增强医保中心对医院的管理,医院内部要实行“总额控制、结构调整”的管理,健全信息系统,加强监督与管理。     

总额预付背景下医院医保管理策略的调整与思考

目的 探寻总额预付制度对于三级综合医院医保管理工作的影响,并有针对性的提出改进措施。方法 采用访谈法、比较法等收集信息资料,并对相关数据进行统计处理和实施效果分析。结果 医院对管理策略的合理调整,有助于多种角度控制医疗费用增长,临床医务人员在诊疗行为方面趋于规范化,不合理用药现象减少。结论 总额预付制度的实施有助于医院医疗费用的控制,医保的管理意识得到强化。     

总额预付制下医保费用管理措施对医疗服务行为影响

目的 了解医院在总额预付制下所采取的费用管理措施以及这些措施对医生处方行为与患者诊疗结果的具体影响。方法 采用问卷调研的方法进行实证研究,并结合专家访谈的方法进行论证讨论。结果 研究发现,总额预付制下,目前医院医保费用管理措施在控制费用的同时对临床服务质量与患者满意度产生了一些意想不到的影响。结论 总额控费带来的相关问题应引起关注,建议可从保证医疗服务质量、优化医疗费用结构和控费方法精细化三方面对控费进行完善。     

医学影像科检查在医保总额预付改革政策下的变化

目的 探讨医保制对医院影像科检查量的影响以及应对的方法。 方法 对北京大学肿瘤医院医学影像科2012年度全年检查量数据进行统计分析,组间率的比较采用χ²检验或Fisher精确概率法。 结果 医保总额预付制前后放射科检查量总体情况变化不大。非医保群体中,各种检查的构成比情况变化不大。结论 医保总额预付制使医保病例的影像检查手段构成发生了积极变化,减少了病人的医疗支出,促进医疗资源的优化配置;放射科应针对变化采取相应措施,以保证临床医疗和科研工作的平稳开展。     

基于TOPSIS综合评价法的医疗保险规制措施评价

?????? 目的 评价我国医疗保险规制效果,筛选优先干预措施,为建立有效的医院规制体系提供依据。方法 运用文献研究法明确现行医疗保险规制策略,通过问卷调查法调查策略实施情况,运用加权TOPSIS综合评价法对医疗保险规制的主要策略进行多维度综合评价。 结果 医疗保险支付方式是下一步规制改革的首要内容,接下来依次为医疗保险定点机构管理及医疗保险筹资和费用补偿。结论 在促进后付制（按项目付费）向预付制转变的同时,积极探索多种支付方式的结合运用。     

基于病种的精细化医疗管理模式研究与实践

目的 以肺部专科疾病为主要研究内容,探索基于病种的精细化医疗管理模式。方法 借鉴澳洲版DRGs体系,建立医院病种分类目录,并按病种目录进行绩效评价与考核。结果 实施病种管理以来,病例组合指数（CMI）呈明显升高趋势,从2013年0.94提高到2016年的1.04;医疗费用指标基本保持稳定;6个医疗质量指标有明显提高。结论 按病种管理有利于优化医院病种结构调整、控制医疗费用以及保证医疗质量。     

某三甲医院高额住院费用构成及成本控制分析

?????? 目的 通过对高额住院费用病例的费用构成及基本特征进行统计分析,探询高额费用发生的主要原因,为控制成本、遏制医疗费用过快增长提供参考依据。方法 选取某三级甲等综合医院2011年单个病人1次住院费用10万元以上的病例297例进行统计分析。结果 297例高额住院费用病例主要以损伤类疾病为主;药品、材料构成主要费用;不同住院天数对医疗费用具有明显影响。结论 对常见高额住院费用病例实施重点监控,控制药品、高值耗材及高新技术准入,缩短平均住院日是控制高额医疗费用的主要途径。     

病例组合指数在诊疗行为差异性评价中的应用探讨

目的 运用病例组合指数（CMI）分析不同医生对某一疾病患者的不同年度变化治疗方式及费用差异,指导评估医生的治疗行为和结局。方法 选取某三级甲等综合医院胸外科肺恶性肿瘤疾病患者（ICD-C34）住院病例的住院首页信息,提取患者疾病诊断的CMI值。分析不同医生治疗该类患者的费用,住院时间等治疗相关情况的差异,并按年度分析其变化情况。结果 各位医生诊治患者的CMI差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。不同医生的对该疾病的治疗费用差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,以住院费用为因变量,CMI、年龄、术式以及医生等为自变量的logistic分析结果表明,CMI对住院费用具有影响。医生治疗费用的差异可能与其选择的术式及手术水平相关。结论 不同医生对同一疾病的治疗情况存在差异,采用CMI对医生诊疗­­­行为的评估和医疗费用的控制都具有指导意义。     

医疗保险费用分析及管理探讨

目的 了解影响医保患者医疗费用的主要因素,为控制医疗费用的不合理增长和医疗保险支付方式的改革提供参考依据。方法 收集2006—2009年三级基本医疗保险定点医疗机构住院费用,对可能的影响因素进行相关分析。结果 人均住院费用呈逐年上涨趋势。次均费用与药品比例、材料呈正相关（决定系数分别为0.914和0.909,P＝0.044和0.046）,P＜0.05。结论 合理降低药费比例和耗材比例是控制医疗费用过快增长的关键。应加快医疗保险支付方式的改革,制定科学的诊疗规范、临床路径。     

江苏省公立中医类医院医药价格综合改革效果评估

目的 对江苏省中医类医院实行的全面医药价格综合改革的政策进行效果评估,为政府医药价格改革的成效提供实证支持以及为继续深化改革提供建议。方法 借鉴韦唐公共政策评估模式中的效果模式,根据医药价格综合改革目标,对比分析政策实施前后的效果。结果 改革后财政补助收入、医保收入、服务收入不断增长,药品收入比重下降了3.3%,部分医药控费指标已达政策标准,但资产负债率有所增长。结论 改革取得了一定的初步成效,收入补偿基本合理但仍不到位,收入结构明显优化,医药费用控制情况有所改善但并未达到理想状态。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.