以公益性为导向的公立医院绩效考核体系构建

目的 建立以公益性为导向、改善医院经济效益的绩效考核体系。方法 在文献研究、专题研讨和专家访谈的基础上,建立绩效考核体系框架,应用历史数据验证考核体系。结果 建立一个目标、四大类别科室、三大考核模块、院科二级考核分配的绩效考核体系。结论 绩效考核体系以公益性为根本,通过规模效益改善医院经营效果,有利于公立医院改革发展。     

基于融合理念的公立医院内部绩效考核体系探索研究

目的 建立与公立医院目标任务及外部绩效评价相匹配的内部绩效考核体系。方法 监控样本公立医院内部绩效考核体系的运行状态,对现行内部绩效考核体系的运行效果及医务人员反馈意见进行分析。调研管理部门、临床科室,访谈部门科室管理人员。结果 总结了现行内部绩效考核体系待改进的问题,提出基于医疗过程和医疗结果相结合进行全面评价、改进内部绩效工资测算方法、建立完善职能部门绩效评价体系、建立绩效沟通数据平台、融合政策执行评估的改进方案。结论 内部绩效考核体系的动态改进是公立医院实现医院目标任务、执行外部绩效评价的必然要求。     

上海某三甲医院绩效考核信息化应用的评价研究

目的 对上海某三甲医院绩效考核信息化应用进行效果评价。方法 对医院35个临床科室在采用智能化绩效考核信息系统前后的月度绩效考核分值、临床业务指标数据进行对比分析、统计描述及重复测量方差分析,运用SPSS 20.0统计软件。结果 应用智能化绩效考核信息管理系统后,各科室月度绩效考核分值普遍增加且差异有统计学意义,在保持医疗服务量及服务效率增加的情况下,成本及医药费用得到了有效控制。结论 医院绩效考核信息化的应用,对坚持公益性、保持高效率、调动医务人员积极性具有重要意义,能够有效促进公立医院健康可持续发展,更好地满足人民群众日益增长的医疗服务需求。     

医院内部绩效改革对转变运行机制的影响分析

目的 探讨医院内部绩效考核与分配制度改革对医院内部运行机制的影响。方法 建立实施以工作量为基础,以加强质量控制、强化服务对象满意,重视成本控制,同时兼顾管理效率和持续发展能力的绩效考核体系绩效薪酬分配方案。结果 医院各项运行指标及质量指标同比明显提高。结论 内部绩效改革对医院医疗综合质量及服务能力的提升产生了积极的影响。     

以公益性为导向的公立医院绩效工资分配测算方法研究

目的 建立与绩效考核体系相适应的、以公益性为导向的绩效工资分配测算方法。方法 依据绩效考核体系,建立测算方法框架;应用历史数据测试并完善方法;与原测算方法同步试运行,以完善测算方法。结果 建立基于科室难度系数测算KPI绩效工资,再由科室难度系数、质量控制评分校正的测算方法。结论 测算结果可控、合理、稳定,敏感体现指标变化,对医疗质量、效率、效益导向清晰,激励科室积极性,有利于发展公益性医院文化。     

公立医院院长绩效考核与评价研究

目的 通过对哈尔滨市14家公立医院院长2010年工作绩效进行考核和评价,完善公立医院院长绩效评价工具和方法。方法 运用专家咨询法构建院长绩效考核评价指标体系,运用专题小组法制订评价方案,采用直接评分法对14家医院的绩效进行评价。结果 构建了包含6个关键维度、27个指标的公立医院院长绩效考核指标体系,通过绩效评价发现薄弱环节,对体系的适用性与可操作性进行验证。结论 考核体系具有良好的适用性与可操作性。     

北京三级公立医院专业型行政管理人员工作满意度调查

目的 研究北京三级公立医院专业型行政管理人员工作满意现状,提出改进建议。方法 对北京市三级公立医院184名行政管理人员进行问卷调查。结果 北京三级公立医院专业型行政管理人员对工作整体较满意,且其综合满意度高于业务转型,但对福利、薪酬、晋升、工作流程不满意。结论 （1）医院应鼓励行政管理人员进修管理专业,并对其进行职业规划管理;（2）建立独立的管理职称晋升系列和合理的行政管理人员绩效考核制度;（3）进行工作流程再造;（4）提高行政管理人员工资待遇,构建良好的薪酬管理体系。     

公立医院绩效评价PATH优化模型实证研究 ——基于齐齐哈尔市第一医院的实践

目的 验证公立医院绩效考核“PATH优化模型”指标体系的可行性。方法 按照指标要求进行数据采集与测算,根据实证医院实际情况确定指标值,进行模型模拟,测算结果,论证模型的可操作性。 结果 公立医院绩效考核“PATH优化模型”在稳定的评价维度下,指标设计具有一定的灵活性,医院可根据阶段性目标的达成情况对指标进行动态调整;在规范化管理基础较好、绩效管理信息系统建设完善的医院,指标数据的收集可实现准确、便捷。结论 公立医院绩效考核“PATH优化模型”具有较好的可行性。     

数据包络分析在临床科室绩效管理中的应用

目的 通过总结数据包络分析在临床科室效率测算中的应用,为医院绩效管理提供一种量化管理技术。方法 应用数据包络分析测算临床科室的相对效率、生产率变化率。通过对测算结果的描述分析,得到临床科室的效率评价结果。将数据测算及分析结果与职能科室管理者对临床科室效率的定性评价进行比较。结果 测算数据的描述分析结果与临床科室绩效的管理者评价具有一致性。结论 数据包络分析在医院临床科室绩效管理中具有实际应用价值、是绩效管理者的有效管理技术。     

北京市公立医院管理行为现状调查

???????? 目的 调查北京市公立医院管理行为的现状,为公立医院法人治理结构改革政策的完善和评价提供依据。方法 以北京市500张床以上的三级公立医院以及区县级综合医院作为调查对象,根据研究框架设计调查问卷对51家医院高层管理者进行调查。结果 北京市大型公立医院管理者对财务指标的熟悉程度较低,对医院收入支出、医院发展目标、患者满意度、医疗事故差错发生率等指标利用率较高,但对于成本相关指标特别是不同支付方式下成本核算方法,以及效率、效果相关指标的熟悉程度和使用程度均较低。结论 目前公立医院的治理结构未能激励医院管理者从医院长远发展角度考虑医院的管理,以及关注公立医院资源的效率和效果。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。