兰州百合鳞茎发育及低温解除休眠过程中内源激素的变化

以兰州百合为试材,研究了鳞茎发育过程中以及2、6、10℃条件下保湿贮藏101 d内母鳞茎与新鳞茎中内源激素的变化。结果表明：鳞茎发育过程中内源ABA含量以及母鳞茎的GA₃与ZR含量增加,而内源IAA含量以及新鳞茎的GA₃与ZR含量下降。低温贮藏期间,母鳞茎与新鳞茎的GA₃、IAA含量均有升高过程,而ABA含量呈下降趋势;新鳞茎的ZR含量呈下降趋势,母鳞茎的ZR含量也有升高过程。低温处理初期的34 d内,内源激素变化最为显著。不同贮藏温度相比较,ABA含量差异不大,GA₃含量随温度升高而下降。在富含淀粉的新鳞茎中,GA₃和ABA表现出极显著的负相关关系,而在淀粉含量较低的母鳞茎中GA₃和ABA无相关性。通径分析结果表明,母鳞茎与新鳞茎的物质代谢机制不同,母鳞茎的物质变化受内源GA₃的调控,新鳞茎主要是ABA作用的结果。     

不同温湿条件下贮藏的3种禾本科植物花粉的一些生理变化

测定了水稻、玉米和狼尾草花粉在低温(4℃),低湿(RH45％),低温(4℃)高湿(RH90％),高温(35℃),低湿(RH45％)和高温(35℃),高湿(RH90％)4种贮藏条件下的蛋白酶活性,蛋白质含量,游离氨基酸含量的变化,结果表明：在低温高湿条件下,蛋白质降解和游离氨基酸含量上升慢;在高温条件下蛋白质降解快,游离氨基酸含量迅速上升。3种植物花粉中,水稻花粉蛋白酶活性强,在贮藏过程中蛋白质降解速率和游离氨基酸含量上升快：狼尾草花粉蛋白酶活性低,在贮藏过程中蛋白质降解速率和游离氨基酸含量上升慢;玉米花粉的蛋白酶活性、蛋白质降解速率和游离氨基酸含量上升速率居两者之间。     

大熊猫乳汁中富含游离精氨酸

采用高效液相色谱法测定了8只圈养大熊猫20个乳样中游离氨基酸的含量。结果显示:大熊猫初乳和常乳中均含有丰富的游离精氨酸,并且是含量最高的游离氨基酸;泌乳2-10d的大熊猫初乳中总游离氨基酸含量约为82mg/100ml,其中游离精氨酸平均含量达61mg/100ml,常乳中游离精氨酸含量约为54mg/100ml,均明显高于人、牛和藏绵羊乳;游离精氨酸在大熊猫干乳期乳腺分泌物中含量显著下降。推测乳中高水平的游离精氨酸在大熊猫幼仔生长发育中可能发挥重要作用[动物学报52(2):309-315,2006]。     

施用磷对王桉 (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.)幼苗生长及其氨基酸组

王桉 (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) 是澳大利亚桉树中最重要的商业用材和人工造林树种之一.研究王桉的施肥与其体内氨基酸的积累和转化及与食叶虫害之间的相关性具有重要的经济和生态意义.在温室内利用2种不同来源的土壤对王桉幼苗进行了不同磷施用量(100 kg hm~(-2)和 200 kg hm~(-2))处理.结果显示,不同土壤和不同磷施用量对苗木生长影响显著,但均未显著影响苗木各部分的氮和磷含量水平.苗木木质部渗出液中的氨基酸含量以谷氨酰胺为主,并与苗木生长和磷施用量呈反相关.不同土壤和磷施用量对苗木组织中游离氨基酸组分和含量的影响不显著,但游离氨基酸的组分和相对水平随叶龄变化明显,尤其是精氨酸在嫩叶氨基酸总量中只占2%～3%,但在老叶中占到20%多;精氨酸在老叶中的积累极有可能是某些蛋白质降解而精氨酸即时合成所致,因为精氨酸一般不在韧皮部转运.谷氨酰胺在树液中含量最高并与苗木生长呈反相关或许可以作为预测桉树发生食叶昆虫危害的一个有用指标.     

当归静脉注射液中氨基酸的含量测定

应用外标法测定当归静脉注射液中游离氨基酸和总氨基酸的含量。当归静脉注射液中含有15种氨基酸,其中游离氨基酸最高的是精氨酸,游离氨基酸最低的是甘氨酸。总氨基酸最高的是谷氨酸,总氨基酸最低的是赖氨酸。当归静脉注射液中氨基酸种类丰富,特定氨基酸如精氨酸、谷氨酸含量较高,是其临床特定一些疗效的基础之一。     

海南青牛胆中游离氨基酸的分析

对海南青牛胆(Tinospora hainanesis H.S.Lo et Z.X.Li)藤茎中游离氨基酸进行了测定。结果表明,海南青牛胆中游离氨基酸种类极其丰富,其含量总游离氨基酸为0．27％,人体必需氨基酸占总游离氨基酸选75％,精氨酸含量最高,为0．0909％。     

胡萝卜体细胞的胚胎发生与游离氨基酸含量的关系

以胡萝卜的下胚轴为外值体,诱导其胚胎发生。在继代增殖系统中选得了胚胎发生能力快和慢的 M系和 C系,并比较了两系的生长与分化情况。M系愈伤组织的总游离氨基酸含量较高,其精氨酸含量及其占总游离氨基酸的％都高于C系,故而认为内源精氨酸的水平与细胞分化有关。     

苦瓜干制前后氨基酸组分的变化

经酸水解,利用氨基酸自动分析仪测定干制加工前后的苦瓜中总氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明干制前后的苦瓜在氨基酸质量分数上有明显差别,总氨基酸质量分数分别为11.99%和10.87%,游离氨基酸分别为2.36%和0.70%。结论:干制前后的苦瓜中氨基酸质量分数差别明显,其中碱性氨基酸质量分数的变化尤其显著,总氨基酸中精氨酸质量分数下降50%,在游离氨基酸中下降78%;同时还原糖质量分数也由干制前的4.86%下降为干制后的1.86%,说明苦瓜干制过程中发生了美拉德反应,造成了氨基酸和还原糖含量的下降。     

不同抽薹性不结球白菜抽薹过程中碳氮指标的分析

以抽薹性不同的不结球白菜自交系为材料,研究了抽薹前后6个发育阶段叶片中碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量在花芽分化时不断升高,分化完成后下降,抽薹时又有所升高;还原糖仅在花芽分化中期升高;三个自交系相比,晚抽薹自交系08-1P-89在花芽分化时糖含量最高;可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸变化趋势与可溶性总糖基本一致,但游离氨基酸含量在抽薹时明显下降,整个过程中晚抽薹自交系含量都最高;在花芽分化过程和抽薹期,碳氮比呈升高趋势。     

不同生长温度对烟草叶片游离氨基酸含量及脯氨酸和苯丙氨酸代谢的影响

游离氨基酸是烟叶中的重要化合物,它很大程度上影响着烟叶的品质和风味。为了解不同生长温度对烟叶中游离氨基酸的含量及其代谢的影响,通过人工气候室设置均温18.5℃、23.5℃和28.5℃3个动态气温条件,在烟叶从早期生长至成熟的整个时期进行不同生长温度处理,用分光光度法、气相色谱-质谱法和荧光定量PCR分析,研究了不同生长温度下总游离氨基酸含量和单个游离氨基酸含量的变化规律及对脯氨酸和苯丙氨酸代谢的影响。结果表明,不同生长温度对烟叶生长发育过程中游离氨基酸总量和单一游离氨基酸含量有明显影响。其中,随着烟叶生长发育的进行,所含游离氨基酸含量逐渐下降。在不同生长温度处理下,随生长温度升高总游离氨基酸含量下降;各游离氨基酸含量基本上也随生长温度的升高而降低。对脯氨酸代谢相关酶(P5CS,OAT,ProDH)活性以及苯丙氨酸代谢相关酶(PAL,C4H)活性及其基因表达的定量研究表明,其酶活性和基因表达的变化与含量变化的趋势一致。上述研究结果表明,随着烟叶的生长发育和成熟,其游离氨基酸含量逐渐降低,而较低的生长温度有利于烟叶维持较高的游离氨基酸水平。     

Free amino acids and total nitrogen during shoot development in Scots pine seedlings

The concentration of free amino acids and total nitrogen was studied in needles, stems and roots of seedlings of Pinus sylvestris L. for five weeks during the second growth period ("summer"). In one group of seedlings the source/sink relation was disturbed through removal of the terminal buds. The seedlings were cultivated in artificial year-cycles in a climate chamber.
Total nitrogen increased in needles and sterns of intact seedlings in the beginning of the "summer" and decreased during shoot growth. In seedlings, from which the buds had been removed, nitrogen remained at high levels in the primary needles and accumulated in steins and roots. The results are consistent with utilization of nitrogen in older needles and in the stem during shoot elongation.
The pool of free amino acids increased in the beginning of the "summer" and decreased after bud break in primary needles, stems and roots. Arginine and glutamine, in the roots also asparagine, were the dominating amino acids (amides included). Together, these compounds (plus glutamate and aspartate) contributed about 90% of the nitrogen in the amino acid pool in all organs. In primary needles and in the stem, arginine predominated at the end of hardening (75–85% of the amino acid nitrogen). Free amino acids contributed at most ca 10% of the total nitrogen in primary needles, where the ratio of free amino acid nitrogen: total nitrogen was highest at the end of dormancy and in the early "summer". Free amino acids accumulated after bud removal in primary needles and especially in stems and roots. Glutamine became relatively more dominant than arginine in the different organs.
The observations are consistent with the role of arginine and glutamine for storage and transport of nitrogen in conifers. Because of the low concentrations of amino acid nitrogen in the primary needles, arginine is not considered a major nitrogen reserve in needles of Scots pine seedlings.     

Amino acid content in several brain regions of the active and hibernating frog, Rana esculenta

1. Total free amino acid contents in the optic lobe and diencephalon increased significantly during hibernation. 2. Free glutamate + glutamine showed significant increases in the cerebral hemisphere, optic lobe, medulla oblongata and diencephalon. 3. Free aspartate + asparagine showed significant increases in the cerebral hemisphere, optic lobe, diencephalon and olfactory lobe. 4. GABA showed a significant change only in the medulla oblongata. 5. Total protein amino acid level in the cerebellum and olfactory lobe decreased significantly during hibernation and most of the amino acids decreased significantly in these regions. 6. The amino acid metabolism during amphibian hibernation differs from that of the mammal.     

大麦籽粒及花药愈伤组织的游离氨基酸含量分析

对同一基因型大麦花药愈伤组织与籽粒中的游离氨基酸含量尤其是赖氨酸含量之间的关系进行分析,结果表明,对同一基因型而言,愈伤组织及籽粒中的同一氨基酸含量高低具有相同趋势。同时着重分析了愈伤组织中游离脯氨酸的含量与绿苗分化的关系,结果表明游离脯氨酸含量高的愈伤组织,其绿苗分化率较高,说明脯氨酸对绿苗分化具有重要作用。966259的花药愈伤组织及籽粒中的游离氨基酸总含量及游离赖氨酸含量均最高。     

Changes in accumulation of seed nitrogen compounds in maize under conditions of sulphur deficiency

Maize ( Zea mays L., hybrid INRA 260) was grown in the greenhouse with mineral nutrition of different sulphate concentrations. Mature seeds from these plants were compared for their free amino acid and protein N forms. For the most S-deficient sample, the Asx (asparagine + aspartic acid) content increased by 30% as compared with control, while methionine and cysteine decreased (by 25 and 30%, respectively), as well as glycine, lysine, histidine, arginine and tryptophan. In seeds lowest in S the non-protein N to total N ratio was 77% higher than in the control. Free asparagine dominated in starved seeds (50 mol % of total free amino acids) and was ten-fold more concentrated than in the control, where proline was the predominant free amino acid. Thus the Asx of non-protein N reached 28% of the total mol Asx of the whole starved seed. Altered S nutrition had virtually no effect on the amino acid composition of the main protein fractions, but it significantly changed their ratios. Zeins, which are poor in S-containing amino acids, showed 25% higher level than in seeds supplied with normal S. As a counterbalance, two glutelin subfractions rich in S-containing amino acids, decreased by 36–71% under limiting S nutrition.
It is concluded that the plant reacts against S deficiency by modifying its N metabolism. Significant accumulation occurred of free asparagine, which is the main form of N transportation. The biosynthesis of seed storage protein occurred through the accumulation of the highest possible protein quantity allowed by the available S-containing amino acids, i.e. proteins low in S-containing amino acids were preferentially synthesized.     

Electrophysiological demonstration of independent olfactory receptor types and associated neuronal responses in the trout olfactory bulb

The present study attempts to highlight the principles by which peripheral olfactory information of across- and within-class odorant signals is transformed into bulbar neuron responses. For this purpose, we performed electro-olfactogram cross-adaptation and mixture experiments as well as single unit recording of olfactory bulb neurons using amino acid, bile acid and F-prostaglandin stimulants in brown and rainbow trout. The results show that amino acids, a bile acid and a F-prostaglandin activate independent receptor types. However, within the class of amino acids, different receptor types are only partially independent. Neurons responsive to bile acid and amino acids were segregated to the mid-dorsal and latero-posterior olfactory bulb, respectively. Of the 43 responsive olfactory bulb neurons studied in brown trout, 41 showed specificity for one odorant class. Olfactory bulb neurons gained responsiveness to new amino acids with increasing stimulant concentration. We conclude that different odorant classes activate specific neurons located in different regions of the trout olfactory bulb, and that information distinguishing related amino acids can be represented in a limited number of bulbar neurons with distinct response profiles under the conditions investigated.     

S3307浸球对盆栽百合生长和内源激素含量的影响

S3307浸球对百合的株高、叶片的伸长生长有抑制作用,且抑制作用随着S3307浓度的增大而增强,但植株株型丰满、叶片加宽、叶色加深、基生根增多且粗壮、鳞茎数量增多。现蕾、透色、初花时间随着S3307浓度的增加而延后1~2d,但花期和花径不受影响。S3307浸球的百合叶中IAA和GA3含量下降,ZR和ABA含量上升,(IAA GA3)/ABA、IAA/ZR及GA3/ZR比值均下降,IAA/GA3比值升高。     

百合组织中细胞内生菌的分布与传播

在百合鳞茎、根、地上茎、叶和花蕾组织细胞中观察到细菌的分布。但各组织器官之间、细胞内所含细菌的数量差异很大。鳞茎组织细胞内含菌量最多。同一鳞茎,外围鳞片细胞内含菌量高于内侧。生长锥顶端分生组织细胞内未观察到细菌的分布。在生长锥中部有少量细菌出现,而基部则含有较多的细菌。百合鳞茎最外一层鳞片的外表皮中,细胞内有许多呈树丛状分布的类似侵染线的管状结构,它们与细胞壁发生联系,推测这些细菌可能是外源的。细菌随着植株的生长发育,由已成熟的含菌细胞向幼嫩的不含菌细胞中传播。细菌在细胞之间的传播可能是通过细胞壁上纹孔间的胞间连丝孔道。     

Long term t in vitro storage of lily: effects of temperature and concentration of nutrients and sucrose

Methods for long-term preservation of lily germplasm were examined. t In vitro regenerated bulblets of 10 lily (t Lilium L.) genotypes (Asiatic hybrids, Oriental hybrids, t L. longiflorum and t L. henryi) were stored for 28 months at -2 °C and 25 °C on four different media: 1/4 or full strength Murashige and Skoog nutrients with 9% (w/v) or 6% sucrose. Sprout growth, bulb growth, and viability were determined. The combination of 1/4 strength MS nutrients and 9% sucrose gave the highest reduction in sprout and bulb growth, the highest viability and the highest percentage of regrowth after 28 months of storage. At 25 °C, all lily genotypes survived 28 months of storage under these conditions. At -2 °C, Asiatic and Oriental hybrids survived 28 months of storage, whereas genotypes of t L. longiflorum and t L. henryi survived 6 months of storage, but died during prolonged storage. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

百合中氨基酸组成测定与营养功能分析

以3种不同的百合为原料,用水浸提法提取百合中游离氨基酸,对提取条件进行研究,通过正交试验确定最适宜提取条件(即:以7.5%乙酸为提取液,料液比1:35,70℃提取3 h).同时采用氨基酸分析仪测定3种百合的水提取液样品,共检出17种游离氨基酸(其中7种为必需氨基酸).结果表明,百合中的游离氨基酸以精氨酸为主体,占总游离...