YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3017育性相关基因的SSH分析

以人工气候箱控温条件下YS型小麦温敏不育系A3017的不育幼穗和可育幼穗为材料,分别构建了不育和可育条件下基因特异表达的抑制消减杂交cDNA文库.在两个库中分别随机挑选100个阳性克隆进行测序,经BLAST序列比对分析,共获功能已知的EST 78条.比较发现,不育条件下与细胞质相关的基因表达数量(63.4%)远高于可育条件下的基因数量(35.1%),参与蛋白质合成、蛋白质修饰/加工/储藏、转运和信号传递过程基因的比例也均高于可育条件下的,而参与能量代谢过程基因的比例则明显偏低.分析认为,在不育和可育条件下的基因表达差异可能是导致温敏雄性不育系育性变化的关键,这为进一步从分子基础上揭示YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系育性转换机制奠定了基础.     

棉花细胞核雄性不育两用系差异表达基因分析

应用cDNA-AFLP对棉花ms5ms6双隐性核雄性不育两用系的不育株和可育株花粉发育的3个时期—造孢细胞时期、花粉母细胞时期和花粉粒时期进行对比分析,共得到17个差异表达片段,它们分别属于11种表达模式,其中14个片段可以在NCBI数据库中找到同源序列,功能分析表明这些片段所编码的基因可能参与了信号转导、转录、能量代谢、细胞壁发育等相关过程。Northern杂交结果证明检测片段的表达模式与cDNA-AFLP结果吻合。同时还在可育花药中发现了与玉米T型细胞质雄性不育恢复因子RF2基因高度同源的育性恢复因子类基因。     

YS型小麦温敏不育系育性转换基因的cDNA-AFLP分析

对YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3017不育与可育条件下不同发育时期的幼穗提取mRNA,进行cDNA- AFLP表达差异分析,64对引物组合获得差异片段1160个。统计分析表明,单核期表达的差异片段数最多,认为这一时期是育性转换的关键时期。对其中12个在不育或可育条件下表达的差异片段进行同收、克隆、测序,经 BLAST序列比对分析表明,可育条件下的4个EST与物质转运和能量代谢过程的铁转运蛋白1和ATP合酶α亚基,基因表达调控的反转录转座子跳跃多聚蛋白和转座子相似序列同源。不育条件下有5个EST与细胞内信号传导的ZCCT转录因子和光敏色素蛋白,基因表达调控的转座酶、染色体浓缩因子和亮氨酸富集蛋白的编码基因同源。结果表明YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3017的育性转换与细胞内基因表达调控、物质和能量代谢及信号传导过程有关。     

辣椒雄性不育系葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及表达分析

为了深入研究辣椒雄性不育与能量代谢之间的关系,该研究以辣椒近缘物种番茄的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因(G6PDH)同源序列为基础,采用电子克隆的方法克隆出辣椒CaG6PDH基因。利用荧光定量PCR技术,对辣椒雄性不育系9704A与其保持系9704B花蕾发育的不同阶段,以及保持系9704B不同组织(茎、叶、花、果皮、胎座、种子)中CaG6PDH基因进行表达分析。结果表明:两系中获得的CaG6PDH基因的编码序列一致,全长1 533bp,编码510个氨基酸残基;辣椒CaG6PDH基因在保持系不同组织中表达量存在差异,胎座中表达量最高,茎中表达量最低;辣椒CaG6PDH基因的表达量在花蕾发育的不同阶段雄性不育系均高于保持系,此种差异在小孢子发育的单核期与成熟期尤为明显,这种差异可能使雄性不育系能量代谢供应出现异常,从而影响小孢子的正常发育而导致雄性败育。     

大白菜碳酸酐酶基因的克隆与序列分析

以大白菜雄性不育系和保持系花蕾差异表达片段EST H9为信息探针,在GenBank数据库中进行同源EST序列检索,并对亲缘关系近的同源EST序列进行拼接,得到大白菜EST H9的5'-cDNA序列.根据拼接组装所得的5'-cDNA序列,进行3'-RACE引物的设计,经RACE扩增、测序,获得了大白菜α-碳酸酐酶3基因的cDNA全长序列并将其登录到GenBank(登录号为GU143061),命名为BrACA3.该cDNA全长998 bp,编码270个氨基酸.同源分析显示该cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥α-碳酸酐酶3一致性达78%.氨基酸序列分析表明,该蛋白具备跨膜功能,在第19和20个氨基酸之间存在一个信号肽序列,存在丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸磷酸化位点.在大白菜花蕾败育过程中α-碳酸酐酶3基因不表达,只在保持系B7的大花蕾时期表达.     

甜瓜雄性不育系不同发育时期雄蕊转录组分析

从分子水平探讨甜瓜雄性不育雄蕊发育不同时期差异表达基因与花粉败育的相关性,为探究甜瓜雄性不育发生机理提供依据。通过对甜瓜雄性不育系(Male sterile,MS)花蕾(直径为2和5 mm时期)雄蕊进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因,并对差异表达基因进行荧光定量分析。共发现224个差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行GO功能分析显示,全部基因均归属于生物合成、分子功能和细胞组分3大分支,其中与酶类相关的差异基因为9个,2个差异表达基因为羧酸酯酶同源基因,4个为碳水化合物相关酶类的表达基因,细胞信号传导相关表达基因和玉米素生物合成相关表达基因各1个;qRT-PCR(Quantitative realtime PCR)验证表明,与碳水化合物相关酶类的表达基因和玉米素生物合成相关表达基因在雄性不育株2 mm花蕾雄蕊中的表达量均低于5 mm花蕾雄蕊中的表达量,与细胞信号传导相关表达基因在雄性不育株2 mm雄蕊中的表达量高于5 mm雄蕊中的表达量。雄性不育的发生与能量代谢相关基因表达量的上升和细胞信号传导相关表达基因表达量的减少存在一定的相关性。     

单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜花蕾表达蛋白比较研究

以受1对显性基因控制的单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜为材料,运用蛋白双向电泳技术对初花期不育花蕾和可育花蕾中蛋白质表达差异进行分析.结果表明,可育花蕾中表达的蛋白质总点数高于不育系.不育花蕾和可育花蕾中共有的蛋白点为223个,不育花蕾特有的蛋白质点数为103个,而可育花蕾中特有的蛋白质点数为160个.可育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白质分子量主要分布在60kD以下的小分子量区域,30kD尤为丰富;不育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白按分子量分布相对均匀.两者表达特有蛋白都相对集中在pI6.0～7.5区域,多为中性蛋白.     

单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜花雷表达蛋白比较研究

以受1对显性基因控制的单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜为材料,运用蛋白双向电泳技术对初花期不育花蕾和可育花蕾中蛋白质表达差异进行分析.结果表明,可育花蕾中表达的蛋白质总点数高于不育系.不育花蕾和可育花蕾中共有的蛋白点为223个,不育花蕾特有的蛋白质点数为103个,而可育花蕾中特有的蛋白质点数为160个.可育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白质分子量主要分布在60kD以下的小分子量区域,30kD尤为丰富;不育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白按分子量分布相对均匀.两者表达特有蛋白都相对集中在pI6.0～7.5区域,多为中性蛋白.     

不结球白菜Pol胞质雄性不育系和保持系蕾期基因的差异表达

以不结球白菜Pol胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料,利用cDNA-AFLP技术分析它们蕾期基因的差异表达,以获得与胞质不育相关的差异表达基因.结果共得到7条在GenBank中有同源性的差异表达片段,5条存在于不育系中,2条存在于保持系中.序列分析发现,在不育系花蕾克隆到的5条差异片段,分别与芥菜胞质雄性不育系线粒体orf108和atpA、拟南芥焦磷酸酶基因、拟南芥的锚定蛋白家族基因、甘蓝型油菜中的水胁迫蛋白、大白菜叶绿体基因片段有较高同源性;在保持系花蕾克隆到的2条差异片段分别与拟南芥未知蛋白基因有较高同源性.采用实时定量PCR验证其中5条差异片段在不育系和保持系花蕾中的表达水平,结果表明bcA19T15、bcA7T9在不育系中特异表达,bcA6T9、bcA19T8、bcA12T19在不育中表达比保持系中略强.     

小麦光温敏雄性不育相关基因的DDRT－PCR分析及功能预测

 以小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS210为试材,分别在北京顺义（可育环境）和安徽阜阳（不育环境）两种诱导育性表现的生态环境下种植,并于雌雄蕊分化期、药隔形成期、花粉母细胞形成期、四分体期和单核期5个时期提取小穗组织的RNA,利用DDRT-PCR方法分离不育系在光、温因子诱导下的差异表达mRNA,并通过反向Northern 进行验证.对获得的20条差异表达的EST进行了测序和BLAST分析,得到了4个候选基因的片段,对其进行5′Race 扩增、序列分析及功能预测.结果表明：它们分别与水稻的DNA修复重组蛋白基因rad50、小麦穗部表达的LRR重复序列型类受体激酶基因、玉米叶片坏死斑点L1s1基因的序列相似性分别为89%、89%和88%,另外还筛选到1个未知功能的新基因片段,它和rad50分别在可育和不育环境下表达的mRNA具有相同的5′端编码区,但3′端非编码区     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.