小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿地理渐变性Ⅱ.光合特性和水分代谢特性

研究了不同地区(117.6°～105.7°E,44.6°～38.8°N)分布的小叶锦鸡儿(Caraganamicrophylla Lam.)、中间锦鸡儿(Caraganadavazamcii Sancz.)和柠条锦鸡儿(C.korshinskii Kom.)种群的光合特性和水分代谢特性.结果发现:(1)由东向西小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿净光合速率对光合有效辐射的响应增强;净光合速率达到最大值时所对应的空气湿度依次下降;净光合速率达到最大值时所对应的气温依次增加.光合日进程午前优势逐渐升高,光合速率逐渐升高,光能利用率逐渐升高,蒸腾速率逐渐降低,水分利用效率显著升高,叶含水量逐渐降低,植株逐渐采取低蒸腾、高光合的节水对策.这些生理变化与它们分布区的光、温、湿条件相适应.这是小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿发生地理替代分布的生物学基础.(2)小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿光合系统对光合有效辐射、空气湿度和气温的适应都表现出连续性,而且这种连续性与环境的梯度变化相一致.不同种、不同地点光合日进程、日净同化积累值、蒸腾日进程、日蒸腾积累值、水分利用效率以及叶含水量日变化也随经度自东向西呈连续变化.光合特性和水分代谢特性表明小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿的地理替代分布是连续过渡的,是一个连续地理渐变群.     

小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿地理渐变性 Ⅱ.光合特性和水分代谢特性(英文)

研究了不同地区(117.6o ~105.7o E,44.6o ~38.8o N)分布的小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)、中间锦鸡儿(Caragana davazamcii Sancz.)和柠条锦鸡儿(C.korshinskii Kom.)种群的光合特性和水分代谢特性。结果发现:(1)由东向西小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿净光合速率对光合有效辐射的响应增强;净光合速率达到最大值时所对应的空气湿度依次下降;净光合速率达到最大值时所对应的气温依次增加。光合日进程午前优势逐渐升高,光合速率逐渐升高,光能利用率逐渐升高,蒸腾速率逐渐降低,水分利用效率显著升高,叶含水量逐渐降低,植株逐渐采取低蒸腾、高光合的节水对策。这些生理变化与它们分布区的光、温、湿条件相适应。这是小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿发生地理替代分布的生物学基础。(2)小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿光合系统对光合有效辐射、空气湿度和气温的适应都表现出连续性,而且这种连续性与环境的梯度变化相一致。不同种、不同地点光合日进程、日净同化积累值、蒸腾日进程、日蒸腾积累值、水分利用效率以及叶含水量日变化也随经度自东向西呈连续变化。光合特性和水分代谢特性表明小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿的地理替代分布是连续过渡的,是一个连续地理渐变群。     

考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法测定柠条锦鸡儿种子中可溶性蛋白含量

目的:建立快速、灵敏的蛋白质含量测定方法,对柠条锦鸡儿种子中可溶性蛋白质含量进行测定;方法:运用超声与研磨两种方法提取柠条锦鸡儿种子中的可溶性蛋白,采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法对其进行测定;结果:超声提取与研磨提取得到可溶性蛋白含量分别为6.91%、6.87%,RSD分别为0.72%,0.67%;结论:考马斯亮蓝G-...     

基于ITS序列和trnL-F序列探讨小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿的种间关系

中间锦鸡儿Caragana davazamcii Sancz.的分类处理一直存在争议, 它与小叶锦鸡儿C. microphylla Lam.和柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii Kom.的关系尚不清楚。该种被处理为一个独立的种或后两个种的变种。本文利用ITS序列和叶绿体trnL-F序列, 综合形态和地理分布, 探讨了中间锦鸡儿的起源及与另外两个种的种间关系。结果显示, 中间锦鸡儿的trnL-F序列与小叶锦鸡儿完全一致, 而与柠条锦鸡儿有明显差异。中间锦鸡儿的ITS序列高度纯合, 不支持该种可能是杂交起源的假设。相反, 另外两个种的ITS序列均出现多个位点杂合, 克隆后均得到2种不同的序列。中间锦鸡儿的ITS序列与小叶锦鸡儿2种序列中的1种完全一致。该结果表明, 中间锦鸡儿可能作为亲本之一参与了小叶锦鸡儿的杂交起源, 或者基因流是造成这两个种形态相似的主要原因。中间锦鸡儿与柠条锦鸡儿形态上的相似可能是趋同进化的表现。     

树锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿和鹰嘴豆干旱适应能力比较

对1年生豆科作物鹰嘴豆Rupali品种和Almaz品种以及多年生植物树锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿叶相对含水量和叶水势对逐渐干旱胁迫的响应进行了分析,比较了两类植物的干旱适应能力。结果表明鹰嘴豆叶相对含水量随叶水势的下降线性下降,树锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿叶相对含水量在叶水势分别下降到-2.4MPa、-2.5MPa和-1.5 MPa之前没有下降,之后随水势的下降线性下降。树锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿这种叶相对含水量下降的滞后性表明该类植物叶具有较硬而弹性较差的细胞壁,使得植物在干旱胁迫下叶具有良好的保水能力。鹰嘴豆叶具有的最低水势为-4.5MPa,对应的土壤相对含水量为14％,锦鸡儿植物叶具有的最低水势可达-6.7MPa,对应的土壤相对含水量为6％,说明锦鸡儿植物比鹰嘴豆具有更好的干旱适应能力,这种能力可能取决于锦鸡儿植物体内大量渗透调节物质的累积。     

柠条锦鸡儿小叶解剖结构的环境分异性研究

以巴丹吉林、腾格里、乌兰布和及库布齐沙漠的柠条锦鸡儿成熟叶片为研究对象,采用石蜡切片法,观察叶的横切结构,使用Motic Images Plus 2测定叶片厚度、栅栏组织细胞长和上、下表皮厚度等指标,分析比较4个沙漠的柠条锦鸡儿小叶解剖结构差异。结果表明:(1)生长环境不同,柠条锦鸡儿小叶在表皮、叶肉和叶脉结构上都存在差异,以巴丹吉林沙漠与库布齐沙漠的差异性最为显著。(2)干旱环境下,叶片变小、变厚,栅栏组织和维管束组织更为发达,巴丹吉林沙漠最为干旱,叶片最厚,栅栏组织细胞层数最多、细胞最长,导管列数最多;库布齐沙漠水分条件最好,叶片最薄,栅栏组织细胞最短且层数最少,导管列数最少。(3)对柠条锦鸡儿小叶解剖结构的各项指标与环境参数进行相关分析发现,温度和降水是影响柠条锦鸡儿小叶解剖结构变化的主要因素。     

柠条锦鸡儿不同居群形态变异研究

结合数量统计方法对柠条锦鸡儿12个居群的12项形态特征进行了研究。结果表明：除小叶对数、叶形和荚果长外,其余形态性状在居群内或居群间都表现显著差异;以12个形态性状为基础的聚类分析将所研究的12个居群分为3类;主成分分析结果显示每荚种子、干粒重、托叶长和叶长等4个性状是造成柠条锦鸡儿表型差异的主要因素。     

小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的光合特性及保护酶系统比较

对锦鸡儿属羽状叶类群的代表植物--小叶锦鸡儿(Carag ana microphylla)和假掌状叶类群的代表植物--狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophyll a)的光合特性和保护酶系统进行了比较研究.小叶锦鸡儿的光补偿点(217 μmol photo n/(m2·s))、光饱和点(1107μmol photon/(m2·s))、光合最适温度(25.65℃) 均低于狭叶锦鸡儿(光补偿点,342μmol photon/(m2·s);光饱和点,1444μmol phot on/(m2·s);光合最适温度,32.89℃),前者在低温、低光强下表现出更高的光合速率 .小叶锦鸡儿净光合速率表现出随空气相对湿度增大而升高趋势,而狭叶锦鸡儿则在空气相对湿度为80%～90%时,净光合速率达到最大.这说明狭叶锦鸡儿光合系统对强辐射、高温和干旱环境的适应能力大于小叶锦鸡儿,小叶锦鸡儿对低辐射的利用能力高于狭叶锦鸡儿.狭叶锦鸡儿净光合速率和光能利用效率日进程午后高于小叶锦鸡儿,表明狭叶锦鸡儿的保水能力好于小叶锦鸡儿.小叶锦鸡儿LUE日平均值(8.17mmolCO2/mol photon)大于狭叶锦鸡儿(7.08 mmolCO2/mol photon),表明小叶锦鸡儿对低光强环境适应能力强.这些光合特性正好与它们分布区的光、温、湿条件相适应.从光合特性来看,狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿更适于在光辐射充足、气温较高、降水更少的环境下生长.狭叶锦鸡儿有较高的POD和S OD活性,导致其自由基含量、MDA含量和细胞膜相对透性小于小叶锦鸡儿,这是狭叶锦鸡儿适应其干旱、高温、强辐射环境的重要特性.狭叶锦鸡儿叶细胞游离脯氨酸含量小于小叶锦鸡儿,也说明狭叶锦鸡儿对干旱的适应性强.结果表明(1)锦鸡儿属植物是以光合特性和抗氧化系统的变异来适应它们的光、温、湿环境的.(2)假掌状叶的代表植物--狭叶锦鸡儿比羽状叶的代表植物--小叶锦鸡儿对干旱、高温、强辐射的适应性强.这一研究结果似可以作为羽状叶是原始类群、假掌状叶是较进化类群观点的证据.     

胡萝卜种子萌发过程中生理生化变化的研究

以辽宁园艺当年生胡萝卜种子为试验材料,置于28℃±1℃培养箱中进行培养,分别于萌发的0h、24h、48h、72h、96h取材,观察胡萝卜种子吸水量、膜透性、淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量等各项生理指标的变化。试验结果表明,胡萝卜种子萌发过程中,吸水量逐渐增加,膜透性降低,膜系统逐渐被修复,淀粉酶活性逐渐升高,淀粉含量降低,可溶性糖含量逐渐升高。     

内蒙古高原不同生境三种锦鸡儿属植物的水力结构特征及其对环境因子的响应

以生长在内蒙古高原不同生境条件下的小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,通过定点观测1年生枝条水力结构特征在不同季节的日变化,结合气候因子的相关性分析,比较不同环境条件下3种锦鸡儿植物输水效率与调节能力的高低,进一步分析旱生植物如何通过调整水分传输来适应变化着的环境条件。结果表明,在一定范围内,3种供试植物的水力结构参数都与气温呈显著的线性负相关,与大气相对湿度呈线性正相关关系。同种锦鸡儿植物在不同季节的输水效率比较,总的趋势是夏季〉春季〉秋季;比较同一季节不同种锦鸡儿的输水效率,基本上是柠条锦鸡儿〉中间锦鸡儿〉小叶锦鸡儿;在比导率对环境因子的敏感度方面,季节之间的差异是夏季〉春季〉秋季,物种之间是柠条锦鸡儿〉中间锦鸡儿〉小叶锦鸡儿。一方面日变幅的差异可以体现敏感度的不同,另一方面比导率与大气温度、湿度线性回归方程的斜率也可以体现敏感度的相对高低。这些结果证实了栓塞引起的导水率的下降并不都产生负面影响,相反它具有限流节水的积极作用。     

几种旱生灌木种子萌发对干旱胁迫的响应

以不同渗透势的PEG(6 0 0 0 )溶液 (- 0 .3～ - 2 .7MPa)为模拟干旱胁迫条件 ,研究了柠条 (Caraganakorshinskii)、花棒 (Hedysarumscoparium)和白沙蒿 (Artemisiasphaerocephala)种子发芽、幼苗生长和累积吸水率对干旱胁迫的响应 ,讨论了参试种子发芽特性、初生根长度与幼苗建植成活率的关系 .结果表明 ,干旱胁迫下柠条发芽率最高 ,其次为花棒 ,白沙蒿最低 . - 0 .3～ - 0 .6MPa渗透势下白沙蒿发芽 10d的初生根长度显著大于花棒和柠条 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,三者的测量值依次为 7.9、4 .5和 3.1cm .干旱胁迫条件下参试种子发芽率与种子 72h累积吸水率均呈极显著的正相关 (P <0 .0 1) .     

Interspecific relationships of Caragana microphylla,C. davazamcii and C. korshinskii (Leguminosae) based on ITS and trnL-F data sets

The taxonomic treatment of Caragana davazamcii Sancz. has been a controversial matter, as its relationship with C. microphylla Lam. and C. korshinskii Kom. is not clear. It was treated as an independent species, or a variety under C. microphylla or C. korshinskii. This study is to examine the interspecific relationship of these three species and the origin of C. davazamcii based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F, combined with morphological data and geographical distribution. The trnL-F sequence of C. davazamcii is identical to that of C. microphylla but differs distinctly from that of C. korshinskii. The high congruence of ITS copies through both direct and cloning sequencing rejects the recent hybridization hypothesis of C. davazamcii between C. microphylla and C. korshinskii. In contrast, two different ITS sequence copies were found respectively in each individual of C. microphylla and C. korshinskii. One of the two ITS sequences in C. microphylla is identical to that of C. davazamcii. This result indicates that C. davazamcii might have taken part in the hybridization of C. microphylla as one parent , or that extensive gene flow might have occurred between these two species, thus resulting in the morphological similarity of them. However, the similarity of some morphological characters of C. davazamcii to those of C. korshinskii might result from the convergent adaptation to their common ecological environment.     

中国北方温带地区5种锦鸡儿植物的分布模拟

全面收集中国北方温带干旱–半干旱地区5种主要锦鸡儿植物的地理分布资料, 利用ArcGIS 9.0软件绘制现状分布图, 发现小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)、中间锦鸡儿(C. intermedia)和柠条锦鸡儿(C. korshinskii)在空间上呈现出从东到西的地理替代分布格局, 继续向西南方向则分布有藏锦鸡儿(C. tibetica), 向西北方向分布有狭叶锦鸡儿(C. stenophylla), 但它们的分布范围又有一定的重叠。整理5种锦鸡儿分布区内的气象台站长期记录, 选择计算15个具有重要生物学意义的水热指标值; 进而用方差分析、多重比较和因子分析相结合的方法, 研究控制这5种锦鸡儿地理分布的主导驱动因子。结果表明: 控制小叶锦鸡儿和中间锦鸡儿间地理分布差异的主导因子是水分因子, 特别是湿度; 水分因子同样是控制中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿间地理分布差异的主导因子, 特别是生长季及年降水量; 控制柠条锦鸡儿和藏锦鸡儿间地理分布差异的主导因子是夏季高温, 控制柠条锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿地理分布差异的是冬季低温。运用耦合BIOCLIM模型的软件包“DIVA-GIS”模拟预测这5种锦鸡儿的现状潜在分布区及未来气候变化的影响, 结果表明: 现状潜在分布区与实际分布区均有很好的一致性; 在CO₂浓度加倍的未来气候情景下, 5种锦鸡儿植物都会向北大幅度迁移, 在我国的分布范围均缩小, 分布格局发生显著变化。用ROC曲线和Kappa统计值法验证模型表明, BIOCLIM的模拟精度较高。     

两种沙生植物抗旱生理指标的比较研究

以沙坡头地区自然生长和人工灌溉条件下的沙冬青（Ａｍｍｏｐｉｐｔａｎｔｈｕｓ ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃｕｓ）和柠条（Ｃａｒａｇａｎａ ｋｏｒｓｈｉｎｓｋｉｉ）为材料,对它们部分抗旱生理指标的变化进行了研究,结果表明,沙冬青对干办迫最敏感,这些生理指标随着个体发育阶段的不同变化,并具种间差异性。可溶性糖和游离氨基酸（特别是Ｐｒｏ）在干旱环境植物中均有较高含量,沙冬青有较高的热值,类黄酮水平未见差异性变化。     

生态脆弱带不同区域近缘优势灌木的生理生态学特性

小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿分别为中国北方生态脆弱带典型区域——科尔沁沙地、毛乌素沙地和腾格里沙漠的优势灌木。为了探讨生长在地理位置相距很远的不同气候类型区、但亲缘关系较近的沙漠植物种之间特性的差异及近缘种间引种成功的可能性 ,对 3种灌木在原产地和引种地 (腾格里沙漠 )的气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数、β胡萝卜素和脯氨酸累积等特性进行了对比研究 ,结果显示 :各区优势灌木的气体交换特征不同 ,主要依照区域光照和温湿条件的不同组合而变化 ,各区域的环境条件组合最利于其建群种的生长 ;引进种对引种地环境变化的反应调节较乡土种敏感 ;地理位置相距较近的近缘种间生理特性相近 ,引种易于成功     

Hydraulic architecture of three Caragana species and its relationship with environmental factors in different habitats of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China

Hydraulic architecture and its relationship with environmental factors were studied in three Caragana species, namely, Caragana microphylla Lam., C. davazamcii Sancz and C. korshinskii Kom, which were found in different habitats of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China. The improved flushing method was used in situ on one-year-old twigs for comparing the hydraulic efficiency and the regulating abilities of these three species as well as their mechanisms of regulating water transport to cope with variable environments. The relationship between hydraulic architecture and air temperature followed a linear function with negative slope, whereas the relationships between these parameters with atmospheric humidity were positive. Comparing the hydraulic efficiency among the three seasons, a descending order was given as summer>spring>autumn. In the same season, the hydraulic efficiency of C. korshinskii was higher than that of C. davazamcii, which was in turn higher than that of C. microphylla. It can be concluded from the range of Ks and the slope of two linear functions that there were significant differences in the sensitivity of specific conductivity to environmental factors, both among species and among seasons, with a descending order as summer>spring>autumn. In the same season, C. korshinskii was the most sensitive to the changes of environment, and the sensitivity of C. davazamcii was higher than that of C. microphylla. The results also supported the view that the reduction of hydraulic efficiency because of the embolism in xylem could benefit the plants subjected to water deficit by means of limiting water loss.     

Hydraulic architecture of three Caragana species and its relationship with environmental factors in different habitats of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China

Hydraulic architecture and its relationship with environmental factors were studied in three Caragana species, namely, Caragana microphylla Lam., C. davazamcii Sancz and C. korshinskii Kom, which were found in different habitats of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, China. The improved flushing method was used in situ on one-year-old twigs for comparing the hydraulic efficiency and the regulating abilities of these three species as well as their mechanisms of regulating water transport to cope with variable environments. The relationship between hydraulic architecture and air temperature followed a linear function with negative slope, whereas the relationships between these parameters with atmospheric humidity were positive. Comparing the hydraulic efficiency among the three seasons, a descending order was given as summer>spring>autumn. In the same season, the hydraulic efficiency of C. korshinskii was higher than that of C. davazamcii, which was in turn higher than that of C. microphylla. It can be concluded from the range of Ks and the slope of two linear functions that there were significant differences in the sensitivity of specific conductivity to environmental factors, both among species and among seasons, with a descending order as summer>spring>autumn. In the same season, C. korshinskii was the most sensitive to the changes of environment, and the sensitivity of C. davazamcii was higher than that of C. microphylla. The results also supported the view that the reduction of hydraulic efficiency because of the embolism in xylem could benefit the plants subjected to water deficit by means of limiting water loss.