一种植物细胞壁松驰蛋白:膨胀素

在植物细胞的生长过程中 ,多糖和蛋白质分泌到细胞壁里层 ,并形成具有一定机械强度的网络 ,这个网络是能伸展的 ,除非细胞停止生长。在细胞的生长过程中 ,一种细胞壁蛋白—膨胀素首次被鉴定出来具有使细胞壁的多糖网络疏松的能力 ,从而使膨压驱动的细胞扩大。膨胀素由两个多基因家族即α -膨胀素和 β -膨胀素多基因家族编码 ,每种基因的表达具有部位和细胞类型的特异性 ,但最新的研究也表明拟南芥中的膨胀素可以分为三个亚家族。越来越多的膨胀素基因从各种植物中鉴定出来 ,系统分析显示它们可能从一个共同的祖先基因进化而来。膨胀素的作用机理研究的还不是很清楚 ,但因为它们具有特别的功能 ,因此展现出良好的工业化应用前景。     

植物激素在植物细胞壁扩展中的作用

细胞壁不仅是植物细胞结构的重要组成部分,而且控制着细胞的大小、形状和生长。细胞经有丝分裂后,原生质体吸水膨胀,细胞壁重塑,新生壁物质合成,纤维素定向沉积等引发细胞壁生长。在这些过程中,乙烯（ethylene,ET）、生长素（auxin）、赤霉素（gibberellin,GA）、油菜素甾醇（brassinosteroids,BR）等植物激素调控细胞壁生长相关酶类如纤维素合酶复合体（cellulose synthase A,CESA）、扩展素（expansin,EXP）、木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶／水解酶（xyloglucan endotran glucosylase／hydrolase,XET／XTH）的表达活性,进而调控细胞壁扩展,促使细胞壁的生长。     

膨胀素在植物生长发育中的作用

膨胀素是一类具有非水解活性的细胞壁松弛蛋白,参与植物生长发育过程中细胞壁的修饰。大多数植物中都发现有膨胀素基因家族成员存在,其功能涉及植物生长发育的各个方面,包括营养生长、形态发生、受精授粉、果实成熟等,并表现出高度的组织、器官和细胞特异性。本文综述膨胀素在种子萌发、叶的发育、根茎生长、花的发育等生长发育过程中的作用。     

植物细胞壁松弛蛋白——膨胀素

膨胀素(expansin,也称作扩张素或扩张蛋白)是一种引起植物细胞壁松弛的蛋白质,在植物细胞伸展以及一系列涉及细胞壁修饰的生命活动中起着关键作用。膨胀素由多基因家族编码,目前的研究表明膨胀素超家族由4个基因亚家族构成。膨胀素存在于不同的种属植物中,并克隆了大量的扩张蛋白基因。综述了近年来国内外有关膨胀素基因和蛋白的结构特征及作用机制等方面的研究进展。     

细菌细胞壁生长调控机制研究进展

在细菌生长过程中,细胞壁起到维持细胞形状和完整性,抵抗内部膨胀压的作用。细胞壁的合成、分裂、再生、循环再利用等与细菌自身生长繁殖和应对环境压力息息相关。目前,细胞壁生长机理,细菌如何调控细胞壁生长及如何与其他细胞过程相协调的机制尚未研究清楚。细胞壁调控机制的解析对了解细菌细胞壁功能、确定药物的作用方式和发展新一代的治疗方法至关重要。对细菌调控细胞壁生长机制的国外研究进展进行了概述,重点阐述了支架蛋白、转录因子、非编码小RNA及蛋白相互作用调控细胞壁的合成、细胞分裂、压力响应的机制,总结了细胞壁调控机制在抗菌药物研发中的应用,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

油菜素内酯（BR）促进植物生长机理研究进展

介绍了油菜素内酯促进植物生长、提高作物产量的作用,并简述了促进生长的生理代谢基础。通过比较油菜素内酯与生长素、赤霉素促进生长作用方式的异同,提出油菜素内酯促进生长的信号传导路径不同于其它植物激素。另外从细胞的形态发生、细胞壁扩展的机制和细胞骨架在细胞伸长中的作用等几个方面对油菜素内酯促进植物生长的细胞及分子生物学机制进行了详尽的论述。     

植物细胞壁研究进展

植物细胞壁是一种复杂的网状结构,其成分包含纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和少量的结构蛋白等。在植物细胞生长过程中,细胞能产生伸展素蛋白,打断纤维素和半纤维素之间的氢键,引起细胞膨压驱动的细胞壁扩张。成熟细胞壁扩张性的丧失是由于细胞壁硬化作用而对扩张性蛋白的作用不敏感造成的,细胞壁成熟过程中很多不同的连接会同时发生,当细胞壁基质多聚体分子之间的连接增加到一定的程度。细胞壁的伸长就会被完全抑制。     

植物细胞壁松弛因子

植物细胞壁的松弛是细胞伸长必需的一个生理过程,发生于植物生长发育的各个阶段。研究发现参与细胞壁松弛的因子有多种,主要包括膨胀素（expansin）、木葡聚糖内转糖苷酶/水解酶（XTH）、糖基水解酶和羟基自由基（·OH）四大类。本文主要对这些细胞壁松弛因子的结构特征、作用机制及其在植物生理过程中的作用等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

油菜素内酯（BR）促进植物生长机理研究进展

介绍了油菜素内酯促进植物生长,提高作物产量的作用,并简述了促进生长的生理代谢基础,通过比较油菜素内酯与生长素,赤霉素促进生长作用方式的异同,提出油菜素内酯促进生长的信号传导路径不同于其它植物激素,另外从细胞的形态发生,细胞壁扩展的机制和细胞骨架在细胞伸长中的作用等几个方面对油菜素内酯促进植物生长的细胞及分子生物学机制进行了详尽的论述。     

细胞壁在植物胚胎发生中的作用

在植物的生长与发育过程中,细胞壁不仅在决定和维持细胞形态方面发挥了重要作用,而且还参与了对细胞生长与分化的调控,这种调控涉及一些细胞壁信号分子,尤其是一些细胞壁水解产物在细胞内和细胞间的转导。现对细胞壁在植物胚胎发生中的作用进行综述。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).