一株裂解性奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

【目的】从新疆石河子地区奶牛粪样中分离裂解性大肠杆菌噬菌体(Escherichia coli phage),对其进行纯化及生物学特性分析。【方法】利用双层平板法从奶牛粪样中分离、纯化噬菌体,将纯化后的噬菌体浓缩液用醋酸双氧铀负染后通过透射电子显微镜观察其形态特征。对该噬菌体进行全基因组测序和遗传进化分析,同时测定噬菌体的宿主谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、热稳定性及酸碱稳定性。【结果】分离并纯化出一株裂解性噬菌体vB_EcoM_XJ2,噬菌斑圆形不透明,直径0.7 mm–1.2 mm;电镜显示其头部呈正多面体对称,有可伸缩性尾部;核酸类型为双链DNA,基因组大小为75.617 kb,G+C%含量为42.09%;其核酸序列与大肠杆菌噬菌体NJ01和vB_EcoP_SU10相似性高达94%。生物学特性研究显示该噬菌体能裂解多株临床分离的大肠杆菌;能耐受60°C左右高温,在pH 5.0–11.0范围内效价稳定;最佳感染复数为0.1,潜伏期为15 min,暴发期为95 min,裂解量约为10.6 PFU/cell。【结论】vB_EcoM_XJ2是一株在不同温度、不同酸碱性环境中有较强适应能力的裂解性肌尾科大肠杆菌噬菌体。     

屎肠球菌噬菌体vB_EfaS_29生物学特性及基因组分析

【背景】随着屎肠球菌耐药性越来越严重,亟需筛选获得新的、裂解效率高且遗传背景清晰的裂解性噬菌体,丰富噬菌体资源,为噬菌体疗法提供可用的菌株。【目的】从江苏省南京市西岗奶牛场粪便样品中分离出一株裂解性屎肠球菌噬菌体,研究其生物学特性及分析基因组学特征。【方法】通过双层平板法对其进行纯化,观察噬菌斑特征,透射电镜观察噬菌体形态,测定一步生长曲线、pH耐受性、温度耐受性以及最佳感染复数,对噬菌体进行全基因组测序及遗传进化分析。【结果】分离并纯化的一株裂解性屎肠球菌噬菌体命名为vB_EfaS_29,其噬菌斑圆形透亮,外周无晕环。该噬菌体头部呈二十面体,头部直径约52.4 nm,尾长约157.1 nm,为长尾噬菌体科。该噬菌体的最佳感染复数为0.1,最高耐受温度为70℃左右,当pH值在6.0-9.0时其效价稳定。一步生长曲线表明,其潜伏期为10 min,暴发期约为50 min,暴发量为80。基因组全长41 014 bp,GC含量为34.99%,共有63个开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF),其中36个被注释出已知基因,基因组中不含毒力基因、耐药基因及整合基因。进化分析显示以裂解酶编码氨基酸为靶标对比,该噬菌体与GenBank上的粪肠球菌噬菌体vB_EfaS_DELF1相似性大于99%,但是以噬菌体衣壳蛋白编码氨基酸为靶标比对发现,该噬菌体肠球菌与其他噬菌体遗传距离均较远。【结论】分离出一株裂解性屎肠球菌噬菌体,对其进行生物学特性及基因组分析,为噬菌体研究和应用提供理论依据及研究基础。     

粪肠球菌噬菌体vB_EfaP_IME195的生物学特性及其全基因组分析

【目的】以粪肠球菌为宿主菌,从医院的污水中筛选出相应的粪肠球菌噬菌体v B_Efa P_IME195,简称IME195,研究其生物学特性;并通过高通量测序得到其全基因组,深入研究其基因组学特征。【方法】以临床的耐药粪肠球菌为宿主菌,利用医院污水筛选噬菌体并纯化;对噬菌体IME195生物学特性进行了深入研究,包括电镜观察噬菌体形态、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、噬菌体IME195对紫外线的敏感度、对温度的耐受程度、对p H的耐受程度、对氯仿是否敏感;通过蛋白酶K/SDS法提取噬菌体IME195全基因组;Ion Torrent高通量测序;测序后进行噬菌体全基因组序列组装、注释、进化分析和比较分析。【结果】通过噬菌体梯度稀释,双层培养基平板法得到噬菌斑边缘分明、斑体透明的裂解性噬菌体IME195,最佳感染复数为0.01,一步生长曲线显示IME195的潜伏期为30 min,暴发量为11。该噬菌体对紫外线比较敏感,对5%浓度的氯仿不敏感,噬菌体对高温比较敏感,该噬菌体在p H 6.0-8.0范围内具有良好的裂解活性;电镜观察结果显示该噬菌体属于尾病毒目短尾噬菌体科;全基因组分析表明:噬菌体IME195基因组大小只有18 607 bp(Gen Bank登录号为KT932700),G+C含量仅为33%。BLASTn比对结果表明,该噬菌体和Gen Bank中的噬菌体v B_Efae230P-4只有82%的相似性。对噬菌体IME195进行了全基因组功能注释和进化分析。【结论】分离鉴定了一株粪肠球菌噬菌体,进行了生物学特性、全基因组测序和生物信息学深入分析,为噬菌体治疗多重耐药细菌奠定了基础。     

林麝源铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体vB＿PaeM＿PAMD02的生物学特性与全基因组序列分析

【背景】圈养林麝一半以上的死亡是由铜绿假单胞菌引起的化脓性疾病导致。另外,由于细菌的抗性增加,噬菌体是继抗生素后的另一抗菌选择。【目的】以分离自病死林麝肺脏的铜绿假单胞菌为宿主菌分离一株噬菌体,对其进行生物学特性、全基因组序列分析与体内抑菌试验。【方法】通过双层平板法分离纯化一株裂解性噬菌体,测定其裂解谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、热稳定性、最适生长pH等生物学特性,通过电镜观察其具体形态,进行全基因组测序与序列分析,并进行小鼠体内抑菌试验。【结果】分离到一株裂解性铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体并命名为vB＿PaeM＿PAMD02,该噬菌体具有透明且边缘清晰无晕环的噬菌斑,其裂解谱较窄,最佳感染复数为0.1,裂解潜伏期为40 min,裂解暴发量较高,热稳定性较高,可耐受弱碱环境。其全基因组大小为66 264 bp,GC含量为55.59%,序列注释结果显示该噬菌体具有92个开放阅读框,不含毒力与耐药基因,属于肌尾噬菌体科。小鼠体内抑菌试验结果显示了PAMD02对其宿主菌良好的抑菌效果。【结论】本研究分离的噬菌体PAMD02有较高的裂解效率,对不利环境有较好的耐受性,不含毒力基因与耐药基因,具有应用...     

一株肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体的生物学特性及全基因组分析

【背景】随着抗生素的广泛使用甚至滥用,细菌耐药性问题日益显著,利用噬菌体治疗耐药致病菌的方法重新开始被人们关注。【目的】对一株烈性肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体vB_KpnP_IME279进行生物学特性研究及生物信息学分析。【方法】以一株多重耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌为宿主菌,从医院污水中分离噬菌体,应用双层平板法检测噬菌体效价、最佳感染复数(Optimal MOI)、一步生长曲线以及裂解谱,纯化后通过透射电镜观察噬菌体形态;应用蛋白酶K/SDS法提取噬菌体全基因组,使用Illumina MiSeq测序平台进行噬菌体全基因组测序,测序后对噬菌体全基因组序列进行组装、注释、进化和比较基因组学分析。【结果】分离到一株新的肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体,命名为vB_KpnP_IME279;其最佳感染复数为0.1,一步生长曲线显示潜伏期为20 min,平均裂解量140 PFU/cell,电镜观察显示该噬菌体属于短尾噬菌体科(Podoviridae)。基因组测序表明,噬菌体基因组全长为42 518 bp,(G+C)mol%含量为59.3%。BLASTn比对结果表明,该噬菌体与目前已知噬菌体的相似性较低,基因组仅70%区域与已知噬菌体有同源性。构建噬菌体主要衣壳蛋白的基因进化树,分析了噬菌体IME279与其他短尾科噬菌体的进化关系,结果表明该噬菌体是短尾科噬菌体的一名新成员。【结论】分离鉴定了一株新的肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体,进行了生物学特性、全基因组测序和生物信息学分析,为研究肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体与宿主之间的相互作用关系以及治疗多重耐药细菌感染奠定了基础。     

粪肠球菌噬菌体vB_E. faecalis_IME196的生物学特性及其全基因组分析

【目的】从医院污水中分离一株能裂解多耐药粪肠球菌的噬菌体,分析该噬菌体的生物学特性,并进行全基因组测序和分析,为治疗和控制多耐药粪肠球菌感染提供基础。【方法】以耐药粪肠球菌为宿主,从医院污水分离噬菌体,双层平板法检测噬菌体效价、最佳感染复数(MOI)和一步生长曲线,纯化后负染法电镜观察噬菌体形态;蛋白酶K/SDS法提取噬菌体全基因组,酶切处理后琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,使用Ion Torrent测序平台进行噬菌体全基因组测序,测序后进行噬菌体全基因组序列组装、注释、进化分析和比较分析。【结果】分离到一株粪肠球菌噬菌体,命名为v B_E.faecalis_IME196(IME196);其最佳感染复数为0.01,一步生长曲线显示IME196的潜伏期为30 min,暴发量为50 PFU,电镜观察该噬菌体为长尾噬菌体,结合BLASTp分析确定其属于尾病毒目长尾噬菌体科,基因测序表明,噬菌体IME196核酸类型为DNA,基因组全长为38 895 bp,G+C含量为33.9%。【结论】分离鉴定一株粪肠球菌噬菌体,进行了全基因组测序和分析,为以后预防和控制粪肠球菌的感染提供了一个新的途径,为噬菌体治疗多重耐药细菌奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌K99噬菌体的分离鉴定及在小鼠上的防治效果

【背景】产肠毒素大肠杆菌K99是引起仔猪腹泻的主要致病菌之一,目前对该病的治疗主要依赖于抗生素,但大量抗生素的长期使用造成了病原菌耐药性的增强,亟待寻求一种新的产品来解决这一问题。【目的】以一株产肠毒素大肠杆菌K99为宿主菌,从畜禽粪水中分离噬菌体并对其基本生物学特性进行研究,同时在小鼠上检验噬菌体对小鼠大肠杆菌感染的防治效果。【方法】双层平板法分离筛选烈性噬菌体并观察噬菌斑形态;纯化后进行电镜观察、核酸类型鉴定;测定噬菌体热稳定性、p H稳定性、最佳感染复数及一步生长曲线;通过小鼠体内实验检测噬菌体对小鼠大肠杆菌感染的防治效果。【结果】从畜禽粪水中分离出1株产肠毒素大肠杆菌K99强裂解性噬菌体,命名为ФK99-1,经电镜观察及核酸类型鉴定,应属于肌尾噬菌体科(Myoviridae)。噬菌体能耐受50°C左右的高温,在p H 3.0-10.0范围内效价稳定。最佳感染复数为0.000 01,暴发量为108 333 PFU/cell;运用噬菌体ФK99-1预防和治疗小鼠产肠毒素大肠杆菌K99感染,结果显示小鼠发病症状较阳性对照组明显减轻,小鼠血液内大肠杆菌K99含量也显著低于阳性对照组,通过病理切片观察显示脏器发病情况也较阳性对照组减轻。【结论】ФK99-1是一株在不同温度、不同酸碱性环境中有较强适应能力,且在小鼠大肠杆菌感染上表现出良好防治效果的裂解性肌尾科大肠杆菌噬菌体。     

一株粪肠球菌噬菌体的分离及其生物学特性研究

目的:利用临床耐药粪肠球菌分离裂解性噬菌体,为应用噬菌体治疗耐药粪肠球菌感染提供基础。方法:利用噬菌斑实验分离噬菌体并观察噬菌斑形态;双层平板培养法测定噬菌体效价、最佳感染复数及一步生长曲线;负染法电镜观察噬菌体形态;蛋白酶K/SDS法提取噬菌体基因组,酶切处理后琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果:分离出一株噬菌体IME-EF1,该噬菌体能裂解多株临床分离的粪肠球菌;电镜观察呈蝌蚪形,最佳感染复数为1;通过绘制一步生长曲线,证明该噬菌体感染后的潜伏期为25 min,爆发期为35 min,裂解量为60 pfu。结论:研究结果表明利用临床分离的耐药粪肠球菌分离裂解性噬菌体是可行的,有望为耐药粪肠球菌的抗生素替代疗法奠定基础。     

一株沙门氏菌裂解性噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性

【目的】从贝类样品中分离到一株沙门氏菌裂解性噬菌体SLMP1,对其进行鉴定及生物学特性分析。【方法】采用双层平板法从贝类样品中分离沙门氏菌噬菌体SLMP1,观察噬菌斑特征,分析SLMP1的宿主范围;利用聚乙二醇8000沉淀浓缩SLMP1颗粒,用氯化铯等密度梯度离心纯化;采用透射电子显微镜观察纯化的SLMP1颗粒;采用酚-氯仿法提取SLMP1核酸,通过核酸酶处理分析核酸类型;分析SLMP1的热稳定性、pH稳定性、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线及裂菌效果。【结果】SLMP1噬菌斑直径约2–3 mm,圆形透明、边缘清晰;SLMP1能裂解肠沙门氏菌肠亚种和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;SLMP1头部呈二十面体,直径约62 nm,含非收缩性尾部,尾长约110 nm,属于长尾病毒科;SLMP1核酸为双链DNA;SLMP1在30–60 °C稳定,在pH 4.0–11.0稳定,最佳感染复数为0.001,感染宿主菌潜伏期为10 min、裂解期为120 min、裂解量为51;SLMP1在液体环境中具有良好的裂菌效果。【结论】SLMP1属dsDNA长尾科裂解性噬菌体,具有沙门氏菌生物抑菌剂的应用潜力。     

一株新型牛源肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体的分离鉴定

【背景】肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)是一种广泛分布于环境中的重要致病菌,该菌较高的耐药性致其在养殖业中治疗较为困难。【目的】分离一株裂解性肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体,对分离株进行生物学特性鉴定和基因组学分析。【方法】使用双层平板法从四川省某奶牛场中分离、纯化出一株裂解性噬菌体,测定其裂解谱、热稳定性、酸碱耐受度、最佳感染复数及一步生长曲线等生物学特性,并进行全基因组的测序及注释分析。【结果】得到一株裂解性肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体vB_Kpn_B01,该噬菌体拥有透明且无晕环的噬菌斑,热稳定性较高,在极酸或极碱环境下不进行裂解活动,特异性较强,属长尾噬菌体科(Siphoviridae)。vB_Kpn_B01全基因组大小为113 227 bp,GC含量为47.97%。注释结果显示噬菌体拥有149个编码序列和25个tRNAs,不含耐药基因及毒力基因。通过噬菌体的进化树分析发现,该噬菌体为Sugarlandvirus。【结论】vB_Kpn_B01拥有高效的生长特性和对不利环境的低耐受性,拥有裂解宿主菌的必备基因,并不含耐药基因及毒力基因,具有应用于畜牧业中防治多重耐药细菌的潜力。     

一株新型裂解K63荚膜型肺炎克雷伯菌的噬菌体分离鉴定和生物学特性研究及全基因组分析

[背景]噬菌体具有特定的杀菌能力,对生态和细菌的进化具有重要影响。近年来由于多重耐药细菌的全球出现,噬菌体疗法逐渐引起了人们的关注。[目的]对一株新型裂解K63荚膜型肺炎克雷伯菌的噬菌体vB_KpnP_IME308进行生物学特性研究、测序和比较基因组学的分析。[方法]以一株从临床分离到的肺炎克雷伯菌为宿主菌分离噬菌体,应用双层平板法进行噬菌体最佳感染复数(optimal multiplicity of infection)、一步生长曲线(one-step growth curve)、温度以及pH敏感性实验测定,纯化噬菌体并通过透射电镜观察噬菌体形态;应用标准的苯酚-氯仿提取方案提取噬菌体全基因组,使用Illumina MiSeq测序平台进行噬菌体全基因组测序,测序后对噬菌体全基因组序列进行组装、注释、进化和比较基因组学分析。[结果]分离到一株新型的肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体,命名为vB_KpnP_IME308;其最佳感染复数为0.001,一步生长曲线结果显示,其感染宿主菌的潜伏期约为20 min,裂解期约为80 min,平均裂解量330PFU/cell;噬菌体vB_KpnP_IME308在4-50℃和pH 5.0-10.0范围内稳定;电镜观察该噬菌体属于短尾噬菌体科(Podoviridae)。基因组测序结果表明,噬菌体基因组全长为43 091bp,(G+C)mol%含量为53.9%,(A+T)mol%含量为46.1%。BLASTn比对结果表明,该噬菌体与目前已知噬菌体基因组仅84%区域有相似性。噬菌体进化树结果表明该噬菌体属于Autographivirinae亚科的Drulisvirus属的成员。[结论]从医院污水中分离鉴定了一株新型的肺炎克雷伯菌噬菌体,表征并分析了噬菌体全基因组序列,这些结果均表明该噬菌体具有开发为抗肺炎克雷伯菌制剂的潜力,为噬菌体治疗多重耐药细菌感染奠定了基础。     

Application of bacteriophages to control intestinal Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in ruminants

A previously characterized O157-specific lytic bacteriophage KH1 and a newly isolated phage designated SH1 were tested, alone or in combination, for reducing intestinal Escherichia coli O157:H7 in animals. Oral treatment with phage KH1 did not reduce the intestinal E. coli O157:H7 in sheep. Phage SH1 formed clear and relatively larger plaques on lawns of all 12 E. coli O157:H7 isolates tested and had a broader host range than phage KH1, lysing O55:H6 and 18 of 120 non-O157 E. coli isolates tested. In vitro, mucin or bovine mucus did not inhibit bacterial lysis by phage SH1 or KH1. A phage treatment protocol was optimized using a mouse model of E. coli O157:H7 intestinal carriage. Oral treatment with SH1 or a mixture of SH1 and KH1 at phage/bacterium ratios > or = 10(2) terminated the presence of fecal E. coli O157:H7 within 2 to 6 days after phage treatment. Untreated control mice remained culture positive for >10 days. To optimize bacterial carriage and phage delivery in cattle, E. coli O157:H7 was applied rectally to Holstein steers 7 days before the administration of 10(10) PFU SH1 and KH1. Phages were applied directly to the rectoanal junction mucosa at phage/bacterium ratios calculated to be > or = 10(2). In addition, phages were maintained at 10(6) PFU/ml in the drinking water of the phage treatment group. This phage therapy reduced the average number of E. coli O157:H7 CFU among phage-treated steers compared to control steers (P < 0.05); however, it did not eliminate the bacteria from the majority of steers.     

一株产L-天冬氨酸酶大肠埃希氏菌的噬菌体分离和生物学特性

【目的】从大肠埃希氏菌CICC 11021S发酵液中分离一株噬菌体,对其生物学特性进行研究。【方法】采用双层平板法分离噬菌体CICC 80003;利用透射电镜观察噬菌体形态;提取噬菌体基因组,核酸内切酶处理并进行凝胶电泳;分析噬菌体最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、p H和温度稳定性、宿主谱。考察CICC 80003对CICC 11021S生长和L-天冬氨酸酶活力的影响。【结果】CICC 80003噬菌斑圆形透明,有明显晕环;头部规则,直径约50-60 nm,尾部长约120-130 nm;基因组能被核酸内切酶Bam H I和Mlu I切开;最佳感染复数0.1,潜伏期5 min,裂解期25 min,平均裂解量约86个;最适p H值8.0;90°C温育15 min,噬菌体全部失活;能裂解大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌的部分菌株。发生噬菌体污染时,CICC 11021S无法正常生长,基本检测不到L-天冬氨酸酶活力。【结论】CICC 80003属于长尾噬菌体科ds DNA噬菌体,液体环境中能够彻底裂解大肠埃希氏菌CICC 11021S。     

A New Microviridae Phage Isolated from a Failed Biotechnological Process Driven by Escherichia coli

Bacteriophages are present in every environment that supports bacterial growth, including manmade ecological niches. Virulent phages may even slow or, in more severe cases, interrupt bioprocesses driven by bacteria. Escherichia coli is one of the most widely used bacteria for large-scale bioprocesses; however, literature describing phage-host interactions in this industrial context is sparse. Here, we describe phage MED1 isolated from a failed industrial process. Phage MED1 (Microviridae family, with a single-stranded DNA [ssDNA] genome) is highly similar to the archetypal phage phiX174, sharing >95% identity between their genomic sequences. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of 52 microvirus genomes from public databases revealed three genotypes (alpha3, G4, and phiX174). Phage MED1 belongs to the phiX174 group. We analyzed the distribution of single nucleotide variants in MED1 and 18 other phiX174-like genomes and found that there are more missense mutations in genes G, B, and E than in the other genes of these genomes. Gene G encodes the spike protein, involved in host attachment. The evolution of this protein likely results from the selective pressure on phages to rapidly adapt to the molecular diversity found at the surface of their hosts.     

Partial characterization of coliphage WPK and a comparison with coliphage T3.

Coliphage WPK was originally isolated from sewage in Kiel, Germany, because its plaque diameter continued to expand for days. Electron microscopy revealed an isometric capsid with dimensions of 54 nm between opposite apices, and a short, noncontractile tail 16 nm long, placing phage WPK into morphogroup C1. The nucleic acid of phage WPK was linear double stranded DNA. The host ranges of phages WPK and T3 were identical. Of ten E. coli strains tested for host range, two were resistant and of eighteen other Enterobacteriaceae only four were susceptible. Seven gram-negative species which are not members of the Enterobacteriaceae were refractory. However, there were differences in plaque morphology and plaque expansion between the two phages. Phage T3 plaques expanded for at least seven days on E. coli B only, while phage WPK plaques expanded for at least seven days on four strains of E. coli. The buoyant density of WPK, determined by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation in CsCl, was 1,508 g/ml which was significantly different than that of T3 at 1.493 g/ml (P less than 0.05). Phage-encoded proteins were examined for each phage using [35S]methionine incorporation, SDS-PAGE, and autoradiography. Of thirty proteins identified in phage WPK and twenty-eight in phage T3, only fourteen were of the same size in both. We concluded that phage WPK was distinct, but related to T3.     

Bacteriophage X-2: a filamentous phage lysing IncX-plasmid-harbouring bacterial strains

Phage X-2, a filamentous rod about 950 nm in length, was isolated from sewage as plating on strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium or Serratia marcescens carrying either the IncX plasmid R6K, or the unique plasmid R775. Phage X-2 differs morphologically from a previously described very broad host range filamentous phage X which also lyses plasmid R6K-carrying strains and the phages differ in their resistance to inactivation by diethyl ether. Phage X-2 is serologically unrelated to phage X and the X-like phages IKe and I2-2. The adsorption site of the phage on the plasmid-bearing strains could not be determined but evidence implicating conjugative pili is presented.     

一株奥奈达希瓦氏菌烈性噬菌体的分离、纯化及鉴定

【目的】从环境中分离获得希瓦氏菌烈性噬菌体,并对其性质进行研究。【方法】以4株希瓦氏菌为宿主菌,采用双层平板法从污水样品中分离得到奥奈达希瓦氏菌MR-1烈性噬菌体M1;观察噬菌斑特征;利用超速离心法浓缩M1颗粒,进一步用氯化铯密度梯度离心纯化;采用透射电子显微镜观察纯化的M1颗粒;提取M1核酸,通过核酸酶处理分析其核酸类型及结构;绘制一步生长曲线。【结果】噬菌体M1在双层平板上形成圆形的噬菌斑,清晰透明,边缘光滑,直径为2.3 mm-2.5 mm;经电镜观察,噬菌体M1头部呈二十面体,直径约为55 nm,尾长约为170 nm,尾部可收缩,属于肌尾噬菌体科(Myoviridae);通过酶切分析表明噬菌体M1核酸为线形双链DNA;一步生长曲线显示该噬菌体感染后完成一个复制循环所需要的时间约为15-20 min。【结论】噬菌体M1属肌尾噬菌体科,研究结果为后续研究病毒在地球微生物成岩过程中所起的作用提供了实验材料。     

Isolation of new Pseudomonas tolaasii bacteriophages and genomic investigation of the lytic phage BF7

Sixteen lytic bacteriophages that infect Pseudomonas tolaasii LMG 2342(T) were isolated from smashed sporocarps of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) showing necrotic symptoms. On the basis of the host range investigation of the phages, they have wide infection abilities against the genus Pseudomonas, mainly in the case of phages Bf3, Bf7, Bf10, and Bf15. Molecular investigations have revealed that they all have dsDNA genomes about 40?kbp in size. Identical restriction patterns resulting from restriction enzyme analysis suggest that the isolates probably belong to the same phage species. However, there was a difference between these phage isolates in their infecting abilities. Phage isolate Bf7 was investigated and characterized more deeply. Morphological characterization of Bf7 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has shown that it has a short, noncontractile tail, an icosahedral phage head, and the size is about 60?nm in diameter, suggesting that it belongs to the Podoviridae family. Complete genome sequence analysis of the Bf7 phage isolate revealed a 40?058?bp genome, 58.4% G+C content, 46 open reading frames encoding different proteins showing homology to proteins of the bacteriophage Caulobacter crescentus φCd1 from the Podoviridae family. On the basis of these results and comparative genomic studies, we classified the Bf7 phage to the subfamily of Autographivirinae, φKMV-like phages.     

阪崎肠杆菌噬菌体的分离及其生物学特性

[目的]以阪崎肠杆菌模式菌株及分离菌株为指示菌,从污水中分离出该菌噬菌体,并对其基本生物学特性进行研究.[方法]以双层琼脂法从污水中分离噬菌体,通过同属和同科参考菌株测定噬菌体的特异性和宿主谱;电镜观察噬菌体颗粒形态;随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)实验分析噬菌体的分子生物学特性.[结果]从污水中分离得到5株噬菌体,表现出较窄的宿主范围,仅裂解阪崎肠杆菌,以ATCC 51329分离的噬菌体SK2可裂解27株阪崎肠杆菌中的24株(89%),负染经电镜观察,5株噬菌体都是由多面体头部和尾部组成;随机引物(5′-GAAACGGGTG-3′)扩增DNA分析,5株噬菌体DNA明显不同.[结论]分离出的5株噬菌体仅对阪崎肠杆菌敏感,在阪崎肠杆菌的分型、预防、治疗、以及生态环境的净化等方面具有潜在用途.