来曲唑片联合放疗对耐药性子宫内膜癌患者血清VEGF, IL-6及肿瘤标志物水平的影响

目的:探讨来曲唑片联合放疗对耐药性子宫内膜癌患者血清VEGF、IL-6及肿瘤标志物水平的影响及临床疗效。方法:选取前来我院就诊的已产生耐药性的术后子宫内膜癌患者68例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组34例。对照组在术后联合放射疗法进行治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上采用芙瑞来曲唑片治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血清VEGF、IL-6、CA125、HE4水平及ROMA指数的变化,两组患者临床疗效及生存率。结果:对照组总有效率及八年后生存率均显著低于治疗组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清VEGF、IL-6、CA125、HE4水平及ROMA指数均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,治疗组患者血清VEGF、IL-6、CA125、HE4水平及ROMA指数较低(P0.05)。结论:来曲唑片联合放疗对耐药性子宫内膜癌术后患者的治疗效果良好,可能与其降低患者血清VEGF、IL-6、CA125及HE4水平有关。     

紫杉醇与地西他滨对晚期胃癌患者血清CEA、CA19-9 及CA72-4水平的影响

目的：探讨紫杉醇联合地西他滨对晚期胃癌患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)水平 的影响。方法：收集2013 年10 月-2015 年1 月于我院住院治疗的晚期胃癌患者122 例,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组患者给 予紫杉醇和地西他滨化疗,对照组患者给予紫杉醇和安慰剂化疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后卡氏积分、血常规、血尿素氮、肌 酐、转氨酶含量以及血清CA199、CEA及CA724 水平的变化情况。结果：治疗后,两组患者的卡氏积分均较治疗前明显升高,血清 CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平均较治疗前显著降低,且实验组的卡氏积分显著高于对照组,血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4 水平明显低 于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗前后,两组患者的白细胞、血红蛋白及血小板水平比较均无统计学差异（P＞ 0.05）。结论：紫杉醇联合地西他滨能有效降低晚期胃癌患者血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4 水平,并提高患者的生存质量,且安全性 较好。     

伊立替康联合阿帕替尼治疗术后转移性胃癌患者临床疗效和安全性分析

摘要 目的：探讨伊立替康联合阿帕替尼治疗术后转移性胃癌患者临床疗效和安全性。方法：选取我院2017年5月-2018年10月期间收治的术后一线化疗失败转移性胃癌患者105例,根据随机数字表法分为研究组（53例）和对照组（52例）,对照组患者给予伊立替康静脉滴注治疗,研究组在此基础上使用阿帕替尼进行联合治疗,4周为一个周期,连续治疗两个周期。比较两组患者疾病控制率、生存情况,并对治疗前后两组患者肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）和糖类抗原199（CA199）]水平、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平进行比较,观察治疗过程中两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,研究组疾病控制率、中位生存时间和中位进展时间均优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组肿瘤标志物、MMP-9和VEGF水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：伊立替康联合阿帕替尼治疗术后转移性胃癌患者临床疗效确切,可延长患者生存时间,延缓疾病进展,且安全性较好,其作用机制可能与降低肿瘤标志物及MMP-9、VEGF水平有关。     

肺癌患者血清CEA，CA19-9，CA125 及CA153 围手术期动态监测的临床 意义

目的:探讨动态监测肺癌患者围手术期血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125及CA153水平变化的临床意义。方法:随机选取2014年5月至2015年5月收治的肺癌患者58例为研究对象,另选取同期在我院接受体检的健康人群15例为对照组。分别测定肺癌患者手术前及术后1天、1周、1个月、3个月的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153水平,并与对照组的上述各血清肿瘤标志物进行比较。结果:肺癌患者术前空腹血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。肺癌患者术后1天、1周、1个月及3个月的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153水平明显低于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。肺癌患者术后1个月的平均空腹血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153水平高于术后3个月平均水平,但差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对肺癌患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA125、CA153水平进行围手术期动态监测有助于评估手术治疗效果。     

乳腺疾病患者血清中肿瘤标志物、细胞因子及唾液酸水平的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺疾病患者血清肿瘤标志物、细胞因子及唾液酸(Sialic acid,SA)水平的变化及临床意义。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年12月本院收治的乳腺疾病患者136例,包括乳腺癌患者(乳腺癌组)81例、良性乳腺疾病患者(良性组)55例,另选同期在本院体检的健康女性(对照组)50例,分别检测3组研究对象的血清肿瘤标志物[Carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA)、Carbohydrate antigen(CA)125、CA153、Tumor Supplied Group of Factors(TSGF)]、血清细胞因子[Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)、Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)1]及血清SA水平。结果:(1)乳腺癌组血清CEA[(23.12±10.04)μg/L]、CA153[(57.63±18.55)U/m L]、CA125[(48.50±16.44)U/m L]、TSGF[(93.25±15.65)U/m L]、VEGF[(136.80±14.95)ng/L]、TGF-β1[(107.29±13.85)ng/L]及SA[(863.40±132.48)mg/L]水平均显著高于良性组和对照组(P0.05);良性组血清VEGF水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),其余指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)乳腺癌Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者血清CEA、CA153、CA125、TSGF、VEGF、TGF-β1及SA水平均明显高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者(P0.05);其中乳腺癌Ⅰ期患者血清TSGF、VEGF及TGF-β1水平均明显低于Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者(P0.05)。(3)乳腺癌患者治疗后3个月且无转移复发者血清CEA、CA153、CA125、TSGF、VEGF、TGF-β1及SA水平均显著低于治疗前(P0.05);转移复发者治疗后各观察指标水平无明显降低或反升。结论:血清肿瘤标志物、血清细胞因子及血清SA水平联合检测有助于鉴别诊断乳腺良、恶性疾病,其中血清TSGF、VEGF及TGF-β1检测对乳腺癌的早期诊断、病情评价及预后具有重要的参考价值。     

血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究。方法：选择2015年1月至2017年12月来我院诊治的宫颈癌患者82例作为观察组,选择同期来我院体检的健康女性者50例,两组均使用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清中的CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,观察组患者随访时间截至2022年12月。对比两组血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,分析观察组患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平与临床病理特征的关系,分析观察组患者术后随访复发情况,宫颈癌根治术后患者复发的单因素与多因素Cox回归结果,血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对宫颈癌根治术后复发的预测价值。结果：观察组的血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平明显较对照组高（P<0.05）。宫颈癌患者不同FIGO分期、间质浸润深度及是否存在淋巴结转移间血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）。82例患者随访时间为13~60个月,中位生存时间为39个月,截止2022年12月末次随访,82例患者术后复发18例（21.95%）。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析表明,FIGO分期在ⅡA期、间质浸润深度≥1/2、有淋巴结转移、CA125≥307.41 U/mL、CA153≥185.89 U/mL、CA199≥153.23 U/mL、CEA≥30.15 ng/mL是影响宫颈癌术后复发的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,CA125+CA153+CA199+CEA预测宫颈癌术后复发的AUC明显较CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA单独指标预测价值高（P<0.05）。结论：宫颈癌患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA高表达,其与间质浸润深度、FIGO 分期、淋巴结转移、术后复发有关,四者联合可作为宫颈癌术后复发的预测指标。     

多层CT灌注成像参数与胃癌患者病理分化程度和血清CEA、AFP、CA72-4的关系研究

目的:探讨多层CT灌注成像参数与胃癌患者病理分化程度和血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖抗原72-4(CA72-4)的关系。方法:选取2016年5月到2018年5月期间在我院接受治疗的胃癌患者60例作为胃癌组,根据患者肿瘤细胞不同病理分化程度将患者分成中高分化组(34例)和低分化组(26例),另选取同期于我院进行健康检查的60例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较不同病理分化程度的胃癌患者多层CT灌注成像参数[血流量(BF)、达峰时间(TTP)、Patlak血容量(PBV)、Patlak表面通透性(PPS)],比较胃癌组和对照组血清CEA、AFP、CA72-4水平,分析胃癌患者多层CT灌注成像参数与血清肿瘤标志物的相关性。结果:胃癌组血清CEA、AFP、CA72-4水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。中高分化组PBV、PPS均明显低于低分化组,TTP明显高于低分化组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),中高分化组和低分化组的BF比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson法分析显示,胃癌患者的BF、TTP、PBV与CEA、AFP、CA72-4无明显的相关性(P0.05),PPS与CEA、AFP、CA72-4呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:胃癌患者的多层CT灌注成像参数与患者的病理分化程度有关,且部分参数还与血清肿瘤标志物CEA、AFP、CA72-4呈正相关。     

胃癌根治术后腹腔热灌注化疗对患者血清CEA、CA19-9水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨胃癌根治术后腹腔灌注化疗对患者血清CEA(血清癌胚抗原,carcinoembryonic antigen)、CA19-9(糖链抗原19-9,carbohydrate antigen19-9)水平及免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾性2015年2月至2017年4月我院收治的胃癌患者临床资料,依据接受治疗方案不同分为全身静脉化疗组(对照组)和全身静脉化疗联合腹腔热灌注化疗组(观察组),每组各41例。检测和比较两组患者化疗前(治疗前)与化疗1个月后(治疗后)血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9与免疫功能指标水平的变化,治疗后毒副作用发生情况及治疗前后生活质量的改善情况。结果:治疗前,两组间血清CEA、CA19-9、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4+/CD8~+水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清CEA、CA19-9及CD8~+水平显著低于对照组,CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻及肠梗发生率比较差异均不显著无统计学意义(P=0.478,0.668,0.315,0.552);观察组生活质量改善总有效率为85.37%,显著高于对照组(70.73%,P=0.017)。结论:与单纯全身化疗相比,胃癌根治术后腹腔灌注化疗可更有效降低患者血清CEA、CA19-9水平,改善患者免疫功能,提高其生活质量,且安全性较高。     

CRP联合CA72-4, CEA, CA19-9检测对胃癌早期诊断的临床价值

目的:探究C反应蛋白(CRP)联合胃癌抗原(CA72-4)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA19-9)检测对胃癌早期诊断的临床价值。方法:选择2014年3月~2016年6月我院收治的胃癌患者(103例)为胃癌组,包括早期胃癌患者30例,中晚期患者73例;同期就诊于我院的良性胃病患者为良性胃病组(61例),另选择20例年龄、性别相匹配的健康体检人群为健康对照组。比较三组人群血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9水平,并探讨其表达与胃癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:早期胃癌组、良性胃病组患者的血清CRP、肿瘤标志物CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9的表达水平及阳性检测率均显著高于健康对照组(P0.05);早期胃癌组的上述指标显著高于良性胃病组(P0.05)。肿瘤分化程度低、发生转移、临床分期为Ⅲ,Ⅳ期胃癌患者的血清CRP、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9阳性检测率显著高于肿瘤高分化、未发生转移、临床分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的胃癌患者(p0.05)。血清CRP、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9联合检测胃癌的敏感度92.23%,特异度为90.85%,联合检测敏感度显著高于CRP(68.93%)、CA72-4(71.84%)、CEA(77.67%)、CA19-9(59.22%)单项检测(p0.05)。结论:血清CRP、CA72-4、CEA、CA19-9水平与胃癌的临床病理特征密切相关,联合检测能显著提高检测灵敏度,有利于胃癌早期诊断。     

消水散联合利尿剂治疗癌性腹水的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨自拟消水散联合利尿剂治疗癌性腹水的临床疗效。方法:选取恶性肿瘤伴癌性腹水患者84例,按随机数字表法分组,分别为42例,对照组予以常规利尿剂治疗,研究组予以自拟消水散联合利尿剂治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清TNF-α,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,CD3~+,CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+含量的变化情况以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前对比,两组治疗后血清TNF-α,IL-2,IL-4及IL-6均降低,CD3~+,CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+均升高,CD8~+均降低,CEA,CA125,CA153及CA199均降低(P0.05);与对照组对比,研究组治疗后血清TNF-α,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6较低,CD3~+,CD4~+及CD4~+/CD8~+较高,CD8~+较低,CEA,CA125,CA153及CA199较低(P0.05);研究组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:消水散联合利尿剂治疗癌性腹水的疗效确切,能显著降低炎症指标及肿瘤标志物,提高机体免疫功能。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.