4415名新兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的:了解4415名入伍新兵的心理健康状况,预防可能出现的应激性心理问题,并进一步对新兵进行筛选,为有针对性的进行心理健康教育提供科学依据.方法:应用卡特尔16种人格因素测验(16PF)对2011年入伍的4415名普通新兵进行心理测试.结果:入伍新兵在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、世故性、自律性等因子上的得分高于常模,而在怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性等因子上的得分低于常模;男女新兵在乐群性、恃强性、兴奋性、幻想性、自律性因子以及内向与外向型、感情用事与安详机警型、新环境成长能力三个次级因子上存在显著性差异;不同学历的新兵在聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、幻想性、忧虑性、独立性因子以及适应与焦虑型、内向与外向型、怯懦与果断型、心理健康因素、专业成就个性因素、创造能力个性因素、新环境成长能力次级因子上存在显著差异.结论:2011年4415名新入伍战士整体上具有比较良好的心理品质;男女新兵在心理健康状况方面各有优劣;高学历新兵的心理健康状况优于低学历者.列出91名心理调节能力较差者,若干疑似精神病患者送往专业医院进行鉴定,最终对16名新兵做出退兵处理.     

某军校新生人格特征分析及建议

目的:调查某军校大一新生的人格特征及心理健康状况,为开展军校学员心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用卡特尔16种个性因素测验(16PF)对1224名大一学员进行测试。结果:除乐群性和世故性外,在剩余14个因素上,新学员的结果与全国成年人常模均存在显著差异;其中,来自城市的学员与农村学员在乐群性、兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性和世故性因子有显著差异;独生子女与非独生子女在兴奋性、怀疑性、实验性和独立性上,表现出显著差异。结论:该校大一学员整体心理健康状况良好,但在恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性、幻想性因子得分偏高,应进行系统教育和调控;同时,也要注重城市学员与农村学员、独生子女与非独生子女之间的心理差距,因材施教,共同提高。     

某军校2014级与2010级新生16PF的比较分析

目的:比较某军校2014级与2010级本科新生以及14级新生内部的人格特点,为改善和提高军校的教育管理水平提供有效依据。方法:对2个年级新生进行16PF测试,对测查结果进行比较分析。结果:2014级新生在B、C、E、G、H、L、O、Q1、Q3、Q4、适应与焦虑性、内向与外向、心理健康因素、专业成就个性因素和新环境成长能力因素的得分与2010级新生得分有显著差异(P0.01)。从效果量角度分析,两级新生在A乐群性,适应与焦虑性,专业成就个性因素以及新环境成长能力因素等方面得分差异的效果量d大于0.2。2014级本科新生在A、B、C、E、I、L、M、O、Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、感情用事与安详机警型、怯懦与果断型、心理健康因素、专业成就个性因素、创造能力个性因素以及新环境成长能力因素方面以及适应与焦虑性的得分与士官新生存在显著差异(P0.01)。从效果量角度分析,14级本科新生与士官新生在B,E,I,L,M,O,Q2,Q4,适应与焦虑性以及心理健康因素等方面得分差异的效果量d大于0.2,在数字搜索成绩,A,Q1,感情用事与安详机警型以及怯懦与果断型等方面得分差异的效果量d大于0.5。结论:14级不同身份学生存在各自特点,军对院校在对其教育管理上要注重方式方法,因材施教,合理引导,培养合格的军校学员,为我国培养优秀的军官。     

某部1366名新入伍战士性格特征和心理健康特点的追踪研究

目的:探讨并系统追踪研究新入伍战士在两年军营生活期间性格特征以及心理健康发展特点,揭示新兵入伍初期个性发展规律,为进一步筛查精神障碍易感新兵提供理论依据。方法:选取2010年某部冬季应征入伍新兵,采用问卷法对1366名新入伍男性战士在入伍第一年和第二年分别进行卡特尔十六种个性因素测验(16PF)的测试,采用分组测试和配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果:研究表明,新入伍战士在第一年和第二年之间在稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、自律性和紧张性13种初级因素存在显著性变化,在适应焦虑型、内向外向型、感性用事与安详机警性、怯懦与果敢型、心理健康因素以及新环境成长能力因素等六项次级因素也有显著性差异,不同的学历和家庭背景也存在显著的变化。结论:本研究结果提示,入伍战士在两年军营生活期间其性格特征和心理健康特点均发生明显变化,而随着战士入伍时间的变化,对于部队生活的逐渐适应,其个性特征以及心理健康特点都出现了一定的变化规律,了解掌握这些心理健康发展的变化规律将有助于更科学地指导部队心理卫生服务工作,保证和提高军队战斗力。     

便秘型肠易激综合征患者血清神经肽Y、P物质和5-羟色胺水平与焦虑抑郁的相关性

为探讨便秘型肠易激综合征(constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, C-IBS)患者血清神经肽Y (neuropeptide Y, NPY)、P物质(substance P, SP)以及5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)水平与焦虑抑郁的相关性,本研究选取确诊为C-IBS的患者35例,健康对照组35例,采用焦虑自评表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)和抑郁自评表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)评定C-IBS患者和健康对照组的焦虑和抑郁状况。酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测C-IBS患者和健康对照组血清NPY、SP以及5-羟色胺含量变化。结果表明,IBS-C中出现抑郁、焦虑或者无抑郁、焦虑的患者在各方面(性别,年龄以及病程)无统计学意义。与健康对照组相比,C-IBS组NPY和SP水平显著降低(t=7.96, p<0.01; t=5.63, p<0.01),5-HT则表现出显著性升高(t=8.06, p<0.001)。C-IBS组SAS和SDS评分结果与健康对照组相比有着显著性的升高(t=12.13, p<0.001; t=11.34, p<0.001)。C-IBS患者血清NPY与SAS和SDS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.62, p<0.001; r=-0.69, p<0.001)。C-IBS患者血清SP水平与SAS和SDS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.63, p<0.001; r=-0.57, p<0.001)。C-IBS患者血清5-HT与SAS和SDS评分均呈正相关(r=0.74, p<0.001; r=0.68, p<0.001)。本研究初步表明,C-IBS患者血清中NPY和SP水平降低,并与焦虑、抑郁评分呈负相关性,5-HT在C-IBS患者血清中升高,与焦虑、抑郁评分呈正相关性,NPY、SP以及5-HT可能在便秘型肠易激综合征出现焦虑、抑郁的过程中发挥重要作用。     

某部1366名新人伍战士性格特征和心理健康特点的追踪研究

目的：探讨并系统追踪研究新入伍战士在两年军营生活期间性格特征以及心理健康发展特点,揭示新兵入伍初期个性发展规律,为进一步筛查精神障碍易感新兵提供理论依据。方法：选取2010年某部冬季应征入伍新兵,采用问卷法对1366名新入伍男性战士在入伍第一年和第二年分别进行卡特尔十六种个性因素测验（16PF）的测试,采用分组测试和配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果：研究表明,新入伍战士在第一年和第二年之间在稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、自律性和紧张性13种初级因素存在显著性变化,在适应焦虑型、内向外向型、感性用事与安详机警性、怯懦与果敢型、心理健康因素以及新环境成长能力因素等六项次级因素也有显著性差异,不同的学历和家庭背景也存在显著的变化。结论：本研究结果提示,入伍战士在两年军营生活期间其性格特征和心理健康特点均发生明显变化,而随着战士入伍时间的变化,对于部队生活的逐渐适应,其个性特征以及心理健康特点都出现了一定的变化规律,了解掌握这些心理健康发展的变化规律将有助于更科学地指导部队心理卫生服务工作,保证和提高军队战斗力。     

广西急诊儿科医生心理健康状况调查分析

目的探讨广西急诊儿科医生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法 2011年1~12月选择广西10所设置有儿科急诊的大型综合性医院和妇女儿童专科医院的89名儿科医生为研究对象,纳入儿科医生组(n=89),采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其进行调查;同时选择SCL-90全国历年正常普通人员样本常模纳入常模组(n=1388)。比较两组SCL-90评分结果。结果广西10所医院的急诊儿科医生组与全国常模组SCL-90评分及其平均分进行比较,89名急诊儿科医生SCL-90测评结果中有8项症状因子分均高于全国成人常模(P0.05)。结论急诊室紧张的工作特点和工作环境使儿科医生形成较大精神压力,急诊儿科医生心理健康水平显著低于普通人群,易引发心理问题。     

急性毛细支气管炎并心衰患儿血小板活化因子,血小板源生长因子的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血小板活化因子(PAF)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及血小板源生长因子(PDGF)水平变化在毛细支气管炎并急性心衰的变化,探讨它们在该病的发病中的作用方法:58例心衰组患儿分别于治疗前和临床症状消失后采用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测PAF、TNF-α及PDGF血清含量,设正常对照组40例比较。结果:心衰组PAF治疗前为370.57±23.6ng/L,明显高于对照组的56.78±19.6ng/L,组间比较差异具有非常显著性意义(t=15.95,P<0.001);治疗后恢复至49.63±14.5 ng/L,与正常对照差异不明显;治疗前后比较,差异具有非常显著性意义(t=3.70,P<0.001)TNF-α治疗前为457.4±40.5 ng/L,明显高于对照组的148.8±21.6ng/L,组间比较差异具有显著性意义(t=2.135,P<0.05);治疗后恢复至162.6±37.61ng/L,与正常对照差异不明显;治疗前后比较,差异具有非常显著性意义(t=7.25,P<0.01)。PDGF治疗前为596.23±199.43)ng/L,较对照组259.76±69.58ng/L增高,组间比较,差异具有非常显著性意义(t=25.52,P<0.01);治疗后降为272.83±116.96ng/L,较治疗前明显恢复,组间比较差异均具有显著性意义(t=7.66,P<0.01)结论:结果表明,PAF、TNF-α、PDGF作为炎症介质不仅参与心衰的发病过程,还提示细胞外基质的异常在心衰发病学中的重要地位     

实习护生学历与心理健康状况相关性研究

目的：了解不同学历实习护生心理健康状况及存在的心理健康问题,分析其与学历之间的关系,为实施干预提供依据。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,对100名不同学历实习护生进行问卷调查。结果：不同学历实习护生SCL-90量表测试所得强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧等因子分均高于常模组具体得分,不同学历SCL-90量表测试所得抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧精神病性等因子分有差异。结论：强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对是不同学历实习护生最主要的心理问题,研究生、本科学历实习护生更为严重,不同学历心理问题的严重程度不同。     

二炮某部夏秋入伍新兵应对方式、社会支持及心理健康状况调查

目的:调查分析夏秋入伍新兵心理健康状况及其与应对方式、社会支持的关系,为针对性开展新兵心理卫生服务,提高新兵心理健康水平提供参考依据。方法:采用自编心理需求调查问卷、简易应对方式、社会支持以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对二炮某部首次夏秋季入伍新兵进行心理测试,并进行相关回归分析。结果:新兵在应对方式上的得分与全国成人常模存在显著差异;在社会支持量表的得分与军人常模存在显著差异;在SCL-90中,与2010年新兵比较在躯体化、强迫症状、忧郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性6个因子之间存在显著差异,与军人常模比较在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性8个因子之间均存在显著差异。简易应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的相关分析显示,消极应对与心理健康各因子间均存在显著相关关系;主观支持与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁和敌对4个因子间存在显著相关,客观支持与人际关系敏感、敌对2个因子间存在显著相关,对支持的利用度与人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性5个因子间存在显著相关。以新兵心理健康作为因变量,社会支持与应对方式作为自变量,进行逐步回归分析,最终进入回归的因子为对支持的利用度和消极应对。结论:本年度新兵整体心理健康状况良好,他们多采用积极应对方式应对应激事件,所得到的社会支持以及对支持的利用度良好,愿意在新训期间通过心理素质训练,提高心理健康水平。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.