4415名新兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的:了解4415名入伍新兵的心理健康状况,预防可能出现的应激性心理问题,并进一步对新兵进行筛选,为有针对性的进行心理健康教育提供科学依据.方法:应用卡特尔16种人格因素测验(16PF)对2011年入伍的4415名普通新兵进行心理测试.结果:入伍新兵在乐群性、聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、世故性、自律性等因子上的得分高于常模,而在怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性等因子上的得分低于常模;男女新兵在乐群性、恃强性、兴奋性、幻想性、自律性因子以及内向与外向型、感情用事与安详机警型、新环境成长能力三个次级因子上存在显著性差异;不同学历的新兵在聪慧性、稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、幻想性、忧虑性、独立性因子以及适应与焦虑型、内向与外向型、怯懦与果断型、心理健康因素、专业成就个性因素、创造能力个性因素、新环境成长能力次级因子上存在显著差异.结论:2011年4415名新入伍战士整体上具有比较良好的心理品质;男女新兵在心理健康状况方面各有优劣;高学历新兵的心理健康状况优于低学历者.列出91名心理调节能力较差者,若干疑似精神病患者送往专业医院进行鉴定,最终对16名新兵做出退兵处理.     

某部1366名新人伍战士性格特征和心理健康特点的追踪研究

目的：探讨并系统追踪研究新入伍战士在两年军营生活期间性格特征以及心理健康发展特点,揭示新兵入伍初期个性发展规律,为进一步筛查精神障碍易感新兵提供理论依据。方法：选取2010年某部冬季应征入伍新兵,采用问卷法对1366名新入伍男性战士在入伍第一年和第二年分别进行卡特尔十六种个性因素测验（16PF）的测试,采用分组测试和配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果：研究表明,新入伍战士在第一年和第二年之间在稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、自律性和紧张性13种初级因素存在显著性变化,在适应焦虑型、内向外向型、感性用事与安详机警性、怯懦与果敢型、心理健康因素以及新环境成长能力因素等六项次级因素也有显著性差异,不同的学历和家庭背景也存在显著的变化。结论：本研究结果提示,入伍战士在两年军营生活期间其性格特征和心理健康特点均发生明显变化,而随着战士入伍时间的变化,对于部队生活的逐渐适应,其个性特征以及心理健康特点都出现了一定的变化规律,了解掌握这些心理健康发展的变化规律将有助于更科学地指导部队心理卫生服务工作,保证和提高军队战斗力。     

某部1366名新入伍战士性格特征和心理健康特点的追踪研究

目的:探讨并系统追踪研究新入伍战士在两年军营生活期间性格特征以及心理健康发展特点,揭示新兵入伍初期个性发展规律,为进一步筛查精神障碍易感新兵提供理论依据。方法:选取2010年某部冬季应征入伍新兵,采用问卷法对1366名新入伍男性战士在入伍第一年和第二年分别进行卡特尔十六种个性因素测验(16PF)的测试,采用分组测试和配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果:研究表明,新入伍战士在第一年和第二年之间在稳定性、恃强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、怀疑性、幻想性、世故性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、自律性和紧张性13种初级因素存在显著性变化,在适应焦虑型、内向外向型、感性用事与安详机警性、怯懦与果敢型、心理健康因素以及新环境成长能力因素等六项次级因素也有显著性差异,不同的学历和家庭背景也存在显著的变化。结论:本研究结果提示,入伍战士在两年军营生活期间其性格特征和心理健康特点均发生明显变化,而随着战士入伍时间的变化,对于部队生活的逐渐适应,其个性特征以及心理健康特点都出现了一定的变化规律,了解掌握这些心理健康发展的变化规律将有助于更科学地指导部队心理卫生服务工作,保证和提高军队战斗力。     

医学研究生心理健康状况分析

目的:调查研究医学研究生群体的心理健康状况并探索行之有效的心理评估方法。方法:采用卡特尔16种个性因素测验和SCL-90症状自评量表两个测验工具对某医科大学600名硕士研究生进行测试,结合访谈法调查医学研究生心理健康状况。结果:(1)医学研究生16PF测验与原常模进行单样本t检验,结果显示存在显著性差异的有乐群性(t=2.619,P0.01)、聪慧性(t=3.223,P0.01)、稳定性(t=-18.660,P0.001)、恃强性(t=9.23,P0.001)、兴奋性(t=19.732,P0.001)、敢为性(t=11.471,P0.001)、敏感性(t=-8.935,P0.001)、怀疑性(t=-23.101,P0.001)、幻想性(t=3.800,P0.001)、忧虑性(t=10.801,P0.001)、实验性(t=-5.788,P0.001)、独立性(t=-6.814,P0.001)、自律性(t=2.549,P0.01)、紧张性(t=-7.949,P0.001)、适应与焦虑型(t=17.262,P0.001)、内向与外向型(t=14.596,P0.001)、感情用事与安详机警型(t=11.259,P0.001)、心理健康(t=-16.301,P0.001)、专业成就(t=4.182,P0.001)、创造能力(t=-11.600,P0.001)及新环境成长能力(t=-9.882,P0.001)21个因子;而与常模不存在显著性差异的是有恒性、世故性、怯懦与果断型三个因子。效果量检验显示稳定性(d=-1.14)、恃强性(d=0.57)、兴奋性(d=1.3)、敢为性(d=0.75)、敏感性(d=-0.53)、怀疑性(d=-1.41)、幻想性(d=0.21)、忧虑性(d=0.65)、实验性(d=-0.32)、独立性(d=-0.4)、紧张性(d=-0.47)、适应与焦虑型(d=0.99)、内向与外向型(d=0.88)、感情用事与安详机警型(d=0.63)、心理健康(d=-0.91)、专业成就(d=0.23)、创造能力(d=-0.63)及新环境成长能力(d=-0.52)18个因子效果值均大于0.2,而乐群性、聪慧性、自律性效果值d分别为0.16、0.18、0.14,均小于0.2。(2)SCL-90各项指标与国内常模进行单样本t检验,结果显示医学研究生在强迫(t=3.415,P0.001)、抑郁(t=2.776,P0.01)、焦虑(t=3.292,P0.01)、恐怖(t=3.795,P0.001)、偏执(t=2.451,P0.01)与国内常模有显著性差异。效果量检验结果显示强迫(d=0.36)、焦虑(d=0.56)、偏执(d=0.41)3个因子效果值处于(0.2,0.7)之间,而抑郁、恐怖两个因子维度d值分别为0.12、0.17。结论:医学研究生具有良好的个性特点,但心理健康状况不容乐观,应及早提出并实施行之有效的心理干预对策。16PF与SCL-90两者结合使用一定程度上可以提高心理评估的准确性。     

某军校学员心理健康情况调查分析

目的：了解军校学员心理健康状况,为军校心理辅导工作提供理论依据,提高军校教育管理水平,有效预防学员在校期间由于压力、情绪等因素造成的心理问题。方法：使用DXC-6型多项群体心理测评仪,对某军校不同年级1332名学员进行卡特尔16种人格个性因素测验。结果：①1332名被测试学员16PF得分总体呈现”五高三低”。②不同年级的学员在16PF多项因子上得分有差异（P〈0．05）。研究生在C、M、O等因子得分明显高于大三学员,而在A、F、H等得分明显低于大三学员（P〈0．05）;研究生在C因子得分明显高于大四学员（P〈0．05）,F、G、Y2因子得分明显低于大四学员（P〈0．05）,而在A、M、O、H这些因子的得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;大三学员在A、H、X2等得分明显高于大四学员,而在M、O、Q1等得分明显低于大四学员（P〈0．05）。结论：军校学员的整体心理健康水平良好;本科学员（尤其是大三学员）的心理健康水平明显优于研究生;大三的学员在乐群性、敢为性、实验性、忧虑性等方面优于大四学员,和大四学员相比,大三学员更喜欢探索新生事物。     

某军校新生人格特征分析及建议

目的:调查某军校大一新生的人格特征及心理健康状况,为开展军校学员心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用卡特尔16种个性因素测验(16PF)对1224名大一学员进行测试。结果:除乐群性和世故性外,在剩余14个因素上,新学员的结果与全国成年人常模均存在显著差异;其中,来自城市的学员与农村学员在乐群性、兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性和世故性因子有显著差异;独生子女与非独生子女在兴奋性、怀疑性、实验性和独立性上,表现出显著差异。结论:该校大一学员整体心理健康状况良好,但在恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性、幻想性因子得分偏高,应进行系统教育和调控;同时,也要注重城市学员与农村学员、独生子女与非独生子女之间的心理差距,因材施教,共同提高。     

医学院新生心理健康调查与分析

目的:调查某医学院校大学新生的心理健康状况.方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对1282名新生进行调查.结果:各因子中有轻度心理问题的学生所占比例最高是48.7%,各因子中有明显心理问题的学生所占比例最高是6.8%;新生强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分高于全国常模,差异存在统计学意义;女生抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分高于男生,城市学生恐怖和总分因子分高于农村学生.在性别和生源地上的差异有统计学意义.在抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、偏执、其它这6个因子,新生的满意、比较满意、不太满意、很不满意、无所谓的意愿之间比较存在统计学意义.结论:医学院新生存在不同程度的心理健康问题.高校应重视新生心理健康教育并有针对性的开展工作.     

高职院校中专学生SCL-90评定结果分析

目的:分析影响高职院校中专学生的心理健康状况的相关因素.方法:对抽取的江苏省某职业院校437名学生,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查,以因子分≥3筛查阳性个体进行检出率及年级差异的比较.结果:低年级学生SCL-909个因子得分均高于全国常模值,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).心理健康阳性检出率的排序,其中排在前3位的分别为敌对、人际关系敏感以及强迫症状,它们的阳性检出率分别为6.86％、5.95％和5.03％,高于其他因子,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2009级学生的阳性率高于2010级,但心理健康阳性检出率年级差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:高职院校的中专学生心理健康状况不容乐观,敌对、人际关系敏感、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑是其面临的主要心理问题,学校应该针对性的开展心理干预措施.     

二炮某部夏秋入伍新兵应对方式、社会支持及心理健康状况调查

目的:调查分析夏秋入伍新兵心理健康状况及其与应对方式、社会支持的关系,为针对性开展新兵心理卫生服务,提高新兵心理健康水平提供参考依据。方法:采用自编心理需求调查问卷、简易应对方式、社会支持以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对二炮某部首次夏秋季入伍新兵进行心理测试,并进行相关回归分析。结果:新兵在应对方式上的得分与全国成人常模存在显著差异;在社会支持量表的得分与军人常模存在显著差异;在SCL-90中,与2010年新兵比较在躯体化、强迫症状、忧郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性6个因子之间存在显著差异,与军人常模比较在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性8个因子之间均存在显著差异。简易应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的相关分析显示,消极应对与心理健康各因子间均存在显著相关关系;主观支持与强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁和敌对4个因子间存在显著相关,客观支持与人际关系敏感、敌对2个因子间存在显著相关,对支持的利用度与人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性5个因子间存在显著相关。以新兵心理健康作为因变量,社会支持与应对方式作为自变量,进行逐步回归分析,最终进入回归的因子为对支持的利用度和消极应对。结论:本年度新兵整体心理健康状况良好,他们多采用积极应对方式应对应激事件,所得到的社会支持以及对支持的利用度良好,愿意在新训期间通过心理素质训练,提高心理健康水平。     

医学生循证医学PBL教学方法的教学效果评估研究

目的:分析医学生循证医学PBL教学方法的教学效果,为改进教学方法、提高教学效果提供依据。方法:随机抽取第四军医大学2008、2009和2010级五年制、八年制临床医学学生696人,统一组织填写"教学效果评估调查问卷"。分别计算各指标的平均分,采用方差分析,检验不同年级学生的各指标得分是否存在差异;采用t检验,分析不同专业学生的各指标得分是否存在差异。结果:问题设置、自学过程、学习效果、教学方式四个一级指标的平均得分分别是3.6、3.2、3.7和3.8。2010级学生各指标的得分高于2008和2009级学生,其中自学过程(Q2)、学习效果(Q3)得分存在显著差异(Q2:F=3.28;Q3:F=4.25;P值均0.05)。八年制学生各指标的得分高于五年制学生,其中Q2、Q3得分存在显著差异(Q2:t=2.33;Q3:t=2.08;P值均0.05)。结论:PBL教学取得了较好的教学效果;随着时间的推移,学生对PBL教学的认可度和学习效果均有提高;PBL教学在八年制学生中的教学效果优于五年制学生。     

医学院校新生适应性问题的研究

目的:在教育理论的指导下,通过问卷调查的形式对一年级学生的生活、学习、心理健康状况等方面的适应性问题进行调研。方法:采用随机抽样的原则,以抽到的班级所有符合条件的大学新生作为调查对象。采用自制的一般人口学特征问卷、高考志愿填报情况调查表、教学软硬件建设满意度调查表、目前学习状况及未来就业去向调查表、症状自评量表对46名大学新生进行调查。结果:调查班级学生中,多数学生来自农村家庭;与"70版、80后"相比,"90后"学生在职业选择方面具有更多的自主选择权;对学校在软硬条件方面亦提出更高的要求;受限于近期个人目标,缺乏长远人生目标,可持续发展能力差。心理问题阳性检出率为24%,排名在前4位的心理健康问题依次是:强迫、抑郁、焦虑、躯体化,男女生表现个有不同。结论:传统教育思维仍试图在极短时间里完成适应性教育工作,致使抽象理论与学生现实需求相脱节。陌生的环境、迥然不同的学习方式、全方位转变的人际关系使得新生心理问题出现叠加性、多重性的特点。相关部门应改变适应教育模式,建立新生适应教育活动的长期反馈机制和评估体系,才能更好的服务于新生教育工作。     

Gender differences in behavioural changes induced by latent toxoplasmosis

There is growing evidence that the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii modifies behaviour of its intermediate hosts, including humans, where it globally infects about 20–60% of the population. Although it is considered asymptomatic in its latent stage, it was previously found to have remarkable and gender different effects on the personality factors A (warmth), G (rule consciousness), L (vigilance, mistrust) and Q3 (self-control, self-image) from Cattell’s 16PF Questionnaire. We performed a double blind experiment testing 72 and 142 uninfected men and women, respectively, and 20 and 29 infected men and women, respectively, in order to verify these gender differences using behavioural experiments. Our composite behavioural variables Self-Control and Clothes Tidiness (analogue to the 16PF factors G – conscientiousness and Q3 – self-control) showed a significant effect of the toxoplasmosis–gender interaction with infected men scoring significantly lower than uninfected men and a trend in the opposite direction in women. The effect of the toxoplasmosis–gender interaction on our composite behavioural variable Relationships (analogue to factor A – warmth) approached significance; infected men scored significantly lower than uninfected men whereas there was no difference in women. In the composite behavioural variable Mistrust (analogue to factor L), the pattern was affected by environment (rural versus urban). Possible interpretations of the gender differences are discussed.     

Anxiety as an enhancing phenomenon in origin of stress, CAN and PTSD in disabled children. Contribution to the ICD-10 re-classification

This paper studies the contribution of anxiety in origin of functional behavioural disorders of children. The intense sensing of anxiety attributes to the shaping of one's personality. Adaptation and adjustment, accommodation and assimilation to stressful conditions producing anxiety are analyzed. There are diagnosed reactions of organism to the circumstances of the CAN syndrome and trauma. In these circumstances, a primary perception of reality is at stake that consequently leads to sociopathological features. This paper also provides the authors' opinions of psychoanalytical and behavioural schools on origin of personal decompensation and neurotic disorders. Causes of panic disorder and other diseases, in which a stress trauma plays a role, are considered. For these reasons the authors suggest classifying the CAN syndrome as a separate nosologic unit in the future ICD-11.     

Psychophysiological Parameters of the Functional State in Adolescents at Different Stages of Puberty under Intense Informational Loading

A study of the psychophysiological reactivity of boys aged 13–14 years during mental performance at optimal and maximum rates showed that informational loading caused marked functional strain. The physiological cost of working at a comfortable rate was lower than at the maximum rate. Excessive psychophysiological reactivity was observed at the initial stages of puberty during intense mental loading. Such reactivity was responsible for a high physiological cost of adaptation and low functional capabilities of adolescents at puberty stages (PSs) II and III. Moreover, personality traits that contribute to mental strain were expressed to a greater extent in these adolescents. Comparisons indicated a tendency towards higher emotional stability and lower anxiety and frustration for the transition from PS II to PS IV. Excessive psychophysiological reactivity during intense mental work and a high psychophysiological cost of activity in adolescents at PSs II and III may decrease working efficiency, worsen the efficiency of learning, and cause adverse deviations in the state of health. This circumstance should be taken into account during elaboration of effective prophylactic measures aimed at optimizing the functional state of schoolchildren in puberty.     

Altered behavioural adaptation in mice with neural corticotrophin-releasing factor overexpression

Overproduction of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), the major mediator of the stress response, has been linked to anxiety, depression and addiction. CRF excess results in increased arousal, anxiety and altered cognition in rodents. The ability to adapt to a potentially threatening stimulus is crucial for survival, and impaired adaptation may underlie stress-related psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we examined the effects of chronic transgenic neural CRF overproduction on behavioural adaptation to repeated exposure to a non-home cage environment. We report that CRF transgenic mice show impaired adaptation in locomotor response to the novel open field. In contrast to wild-type (WT) mice, anxiety-related behaviour of CRF transgenic mice does not change during repeated exposure to the same environment over the period of 7 days or at retest 1 week later. We found that locomotor response to novelty correlates significantly with total locomotor activity and activity in the centre at the last day of testing and at retest in WT but not in CRF transgenic mice. Mice were divided into low responders and high responders on the basis of their initial locomotor response to novelty. We found that differences in habituation and re-exposure response are related to individual differences in locomotor response to novelty. In summary, these results show that CRF transgenic mice are fundamentally different from WT in their ability to adapt to an environmental stressor. This may be related to individual differences in stress reactivity. These findings have implications for our understanding of the role of CRF overproduction in behavioural maladaptation and stress-related psychiatric disorders.     

Principal dimensions of the Framingham Type A scale: differential relationships to cardiovascular reactivity and anxiety

The present investigation sought to identify the principal dimensions of the Framingham Type A scale (FTAS) and then to examine their physiological and psychological correlates. A factor analysis of the FTAS items, which was cross-validated, revealed two factors. Items concerning achievement and competitive-striving loaded primarily on the first factor. Scores on a subscale composed of these items (labeled Competitive Drive) were related to systolic blood pressure reactivity during an interpersonal task but were unrelated to anxiety. FTAS items concerning impatient, time urgent, and domineering propensities loaded primarily on the second factor. Scores on a subscale composed of these items (labeled Speed and Impatience) were not related to cardiovascular reactivity during the task but were related to anxiety. Results are discussed in terms of the psychological heterogeneity of the Type A behavior pattern and possible differences between dimensions of the overall Type A pattern and their association with different manifestations of coronary heart disease.     

Psychological Distress during Pregnancy in a Multi-Ethnic Community: Findings from the Born in Bradford Cohort Study

Purpose

Antenatal anxiety and depression are predictive of future mental distress, which has negative effects on children. Ethnic minority women are more likely to have a lower socio-economic status (SES) but it is unclear whether SES is an independent risk factor for mental health in pregnancy. We described the association between maternal mental distress and socio-demographic factors in a multi-ethnic cohort located in an economically deprived city in the UK.

Methods

We defined eight distinct ethno-language groups (total N = 8,454) and classified a threshold of distress as the 75th centile of within-group GHQ-28 scores, which we used as the outcome for univariate and multivariate logistic regression for each ethnic group and for the sample overall.

Results

Financial concerns were strongly and independently associated with worse mental health for six out of the eight ethnic groups, and for the cohort overall. In some groups, factors such as working status, education and family structure were associated with worse mental health, but for others these factors were of little importance.

Conclusions

The diversity between and within ethnic groups in this sample underlines the need to take into consideration individual social, migration and economic circumstances and their potential effect on mental health in ethnically diverse areas.