人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌前病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌前病变两者之间的相关性。方法：选择2009年11月～2011年12月来我院就诊的220例宫颈病变患者为研究对象,将患者分成4组,即炎症组、CINl组、CIN2组和CIN3组,各组进行人乳头瘤病毒检出率及病毒载量的比较。结果：炎症组、CINl、CIN2和CIN34组人乳头瘤病毒的检出率分别为67．2％、80％、87．3％和91．4％且4组之间比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈O．001）。炎症组HPV感染的阳性率与CIN组比较显著降低（P〈0．005）,宫颈癌前病变各组HPV感染呈阳性的病毒载量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：宫颈癌前病变的严重程度和感染高危型HPV病毒载量呈正相关,随着感染高危型HPV病毒载量越高,宫颈癌前病变的程度越严重。     

人乳头瘤病毒分型检测在宫颈病变中的研究进展

宫颈癌是感染性疾病,HPV感染是宫颈癌发生的主要因素。宫颈上皮内留样病变(CIN)是宫颈浸润癌演变发展过程中的癌前病变阶段,研究发现大多数CIN伴有人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染,不同HPV亚型的致病力不同,因此不同亚型的HPV感染可以导致不同的宫颈病变。对CIN早诊、早治是降低宫颈癌发生率和死亡率的关键,临床上应用HPV亚型检测对宫颈病变的初筛及治疗追踪具有重要意义。     

宫颈癌患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)主要型别及其感染研究

本文探讨了江西省和广东省宫颈癌患者人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)感染及其型别分布,分析了高危型HPV对各种宫颈病变的感染情况,为宫颈癌的早期发现和临床诊治提供科学依据。首先采用细胞学、HPV DNA检测(第二代杂交捕获法,HC2)、电子阴道镜和宫颈化学着色方法筛查宫颈癌患者,经病理镜检确诊,然后用GP PCR-SBT法对宫颈癌患者进行HPV基因分型。江西省溪口镇、古市镇及修水县城宫颈癌癌前病变发生率为5．7‰。HC2方法发现宫颈癌患者13种高危型HPV DNA阳性率为89．9％,宫颈上皮内瘤样病变的为84．8％,对照组为24．5％。采用GP PCR-SBT方法进行基因分型发现,江西省宫颈癌患者存在HPV16、58、31、33、18、66、6、11、56和81十种型别,其中HPV81型在国内外鲜有报道。据此提出生殖道高危型HPV感染是妇女宫颈癌发病的重要因素。并发现江西省宫颈癌高发区妇女高危型HPV感染率为24．5％。建立了HPV基因分型的方法,对HPV致宫颈病变的分子机制进行了分析。     

HPV病毒感染与宫颈病变发生发展关系的研究进展

宫颈病变是指在宫颈区域发生的各种病变,包括炎症、癌前病变、肿瘤等,人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是引起多种宫颈病变的主要因素之一,尤其是高危型HPV病毒的持续感染更是宫颈病变的重要病因,目前高危型HPV病毒的检测已成为筛查宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的重要手段。现将近年来HPV病毒感染与宫颈病变发生发展关系的研究进展作一综述。     

553 例女性宫颈高危型HPV 感染与宫颈病变的相关性研究

目的:研究女性生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papilloma virus,hrHPV)感染现状及子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CI N)的现患率,并分析该人群年龄与HPV感染及宫颈癌前病变的相关性以及hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间剂量-效应关系。方法:对553例30岁-78岁有性生活史的女性进行以人群为基础的横断面调查。对所有接受筛查的妇女均行宫颈HPV检测及电子阴道镜下病理活检,并以病理结果作为诊断子宫颈病变的金标准。资料采用EXCEL整理,利用x2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析危险因素和CI N的关系。结果:553例受检对象总体阳性检出率为18.0%。hrHPV感染情况在不同年龄段分布有显著差异,hrHPV病毒载量越高宫颈病变的程度越重。结论:不同年龄段hrHPV感染情况不同,hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间存在剂量-效应关系。     

553例女性宫颈高危型HPV感染与宫颈病变的相关性研究

目的：研究女性生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒（high risk human papilloma virus,hrHPV）感染现状及子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CI N）的现患率,并分析该人群年龄与HPV感染及宫颈癌前病变的相关性以及hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间剂量-效应关系。方法：对553例30岁-78岁有性生活史的女性进行以人群为基础的横断面调查。对所有接受筛查的妇女均行宫颈HPV检测及电子阴道镜下病理活检,并以病理结果作为诊断子宫颈病变的金标准。资料采用EXCEL整理,利用x2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析危险因素和CI N的关系。结果：553例受检对象总体阳性检出率为18.0%。hrHPV感染情况在不同年龄段分布有显著差异,hrHPV病毒载量越高宫颈病变的程度越重。结论：不同年龄段hrHPV感染情况不同,hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间存在剂量-效应关系。     

发展中国家接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的影响因素

当前,宫颈癌仅次于乳腺癌成为威胁全世界女性健康的第二大恶性肿瘤。宫颈癌的产生和发展与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染密切相关,在宫颈癌患者中几乎100%能检测到HPV感染。接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗是预防宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的主要方法。欧美等发达国家宫颈癌死亡率相对较低,主要是因为他们建立了完善的宫颈癌筛查项目和HPV疫苗接种项目。而发展中国家的宫颈癌死亡率较高,发展中国家缺乏自主研发的HPV疫苗,人们对HPV和宫颈癌认知水平偏低,直接影响HPV疫苗的接受度。本文综述了影响发展中国家接种HPV疫苗的因素,主要包括人们的宫颈癌和HPV感染相关知识水平、文化背景、HPV疫苗安全性与局限性、接种费用等方面。通过加大宣传HPV感染和HPV疫苗的相关知识,由政府和正规医疗机构提供疫苗渠道,同时国家承担全部或部分接种费用,将会大大提高发展中国家人群接种HPV疫苗,有效降低宫颈癌的死亡率。     

生殖道感染与宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变的相关性研究

目的:探讨生殖道感染与宫颈癌、宫颈癌前病变的相关性及危险因素分析。方法:选取我院收治的185例宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变患者和同期206例健康体检者分为两组,对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、沙眼衣原体(CT)、细菌性阴道病(BV)、阴道滴虫进行检测,观察分析相应病原微生物导致的生殖道感染与宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变的关系,同时根据HPV不同基因型在宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变中的致癌作用和程度,判定危险程度。结果:宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变患者上述指标感染检出率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.001、0.000、0.037),其中高危HPV感染率随宫颈上皮内瘤变级别的升高而呈明显上升趋势,CINⅠ～Ⅲ级感染率分别为57.1%、78.6%和82.9%,宫颈癌感染率最高达91.1%,高危HPV为高危因素。结论:生殖道HPV、CT、BV、滴虫感染与宫颈癌及CIN存在必然或一定相关性,加强对妇女生殖道病原体感染的重视和检测对防治宫颈癌及CIN具有积极意义。     

广西柳州18～45岁女性人乳头瘤病毒16/18型中和抗体流行率及其与宫颈病变相关性的研究

阐明广西柳州地区自然人群中18~45岁女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16/18型中和抗体和DNA流行情况,并探讨其与子宫颈癌癌前病变的相关性。2013年3月至7月在柳州市招募2 300名18~45岁女性,采集血清以假病毒中和试验(PBNA)法检测HPV16/18型中和抗体,同时采集宫颈脱落细胞进行液基细胞学诊断和HPV DNA检测,对细胞学异常者进行阴道镜检查,并对采集的组织学标本进行病理诊断。采用趋势性χ2检验分析不同年龄段HPV DNA阳性率及HPV中和抗体阳性率的差异,Logistic回归分析筛选宫颈癌前病变的影响因素。广西柳州地区18~45岁女性自然人群中,HPV16DNA或中和抗体阳性364例(15.8%,95%CI:14.4,17.4),HPV18DNA或中和抗体阳性164例(7.1%,95%CI:6.1,8.3)。CIN3在不同年龄组的卡方趋势检验有统计学意义(P=0.005),HPV16和HPV18型DNA阳性是CIN1+(宫颈上皮内瘤变1级及以上)、CIN2+(宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上)的主要危险因素,而自然感染产生的中和抗体与癌前病变未发现统计学相关性。HPV16/18型感染是宫颈癌癌前病变的主要危险因素,并未发现自然感染产生的中和抗体与其相关,表明接种疫苗仍是18~45岁女性预防HPV感染及癌前病变的主要方式。     

人乳头瘤病毒在宫颈病变中的感染分型及其特点

目的:了解宫颈病变中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染分型及特点,为宫颈癌筛查诊治以及HPV疫苗研制提供基础。方法:采用导流杂交技术原理对2010年06月至2016年06月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院首诊的1021例患者的宫颈脱落细胞标本进行HPV检测,并按宫颈病变程度分为对照组(正常组)(217例)、CINⅡ-Ⅲ组(222例)和宫颈癌组(582例),分析三组的HPV感染特点和型别分布情况及其在不同年龄段(≤35岁、35岁)和民族(汉族、少数民族)中的感染特点。结果:(1)62.16%的CINⅡ-Ⅲ患者处于30-49岁,66.32%的宫颈癌患者处于40-59岁。(2)对照组、CINⅡ-Ⅲ组及宫颈癌组HPV感染率分别为20.7%、86.5%、90.5%(p0.001)。其中,多重感染率分别为11.1%、29.7%、18.0%(p0.05)。(3)CINⅡ-Ⅲ组和宫颈癌组的不同年龄段HPV感染率均高于对照组,宫颈癌组中不同年龄段的感染差异有统计学意义(p0.0001),CINⅡ-Ⅲ组差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。(4)三组HPV主要感染型别都是HPV16、58、18、52、33,但是排序先后有差异。其中,HPV33感染率在CINⅡ-Ⅲ组排第3位且主要参与多重感染,而在宫颈癌中感染率低。三组中汉族与少数民族HPV感染率差异均无统计学意义(p0.05),但宫颈癌组中少数民族患者58型感染率明显高于52型。(5)宫颈癌组病理类型与HPV感染相关,鳞癌患者的HPV感染率及多重感染率均高于非鳞癌患者,其中HPV感染差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。Logistic回归分析示:宫颈鳞癌组OR=1.966(p=0.042),95%CI值为1.023-3.775。结论:随着宫颈病变程度的增加,HPV感染增加,且多重感染与宫颈病变密切相关。HPV33可能是癌前病变特殊感染亚型,HPV58可能是少数民族特有的感染亚型。HPV感染使宫颈癌患者患鳞癌的风险增加。     

Acquired immune response to oncogenic human papillomavirus associated with prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection among women and a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Oncogenic HPV types infecting the anogenital tract have the potential to induce natural immunity, but at present we do not clearly understand the natural history of infection in humans and the mechanisms by which the virus can evade the host immune response. Natural acquired immune responses against HPV may be involved in the clearance of infection, but persistent infection with oncogenic virus types leads to the development of precancerous lesions and cancer. B cell responses are important for viral neutralization, but antibody responses in patients with cervical cancer are poor. Prophylactic vaccines targeting oncogenic virus types associated with cervical cancer have the potential to prevent up to 80% of cervical cancers by targeting HPV types 16 and 18. Clinical data show that prophylactic vaccines are effective in inducing antibody responses and in preventing persistent infection with HPV, as well as the subsequent development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This article reviews the known data regarding natural immune responses to HPV and those developed by prophylactic vaccination.     

Changes in type‐specific human papillomavirus load predict progression to cervical cancer

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with the development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer (CIN3+). However, HPV infection is common and usually transient. Viral load measured at a single time-point is a poor predictor of the natural history of HPV infection. The profile of viral load evolution over time could distinguish HPV infections with carcinogenic potential from infections that regress. A case-cohort natural history study was set-up using a Belgian laboratory database processing more than 100,000 liquid cytology specimens annually. All cytology leftovers were submitted to real-time PCR testing identifying E6/E7 genes of 17 HPV types, with viral load expressed as HPV copies/cell. Samples from untreated women who developed CIN3+ (n = 138) and women with transient HPV infection (n = 601) who contributed at least three viral load measurements were studied. Only single-type HPV infections were selected. The changes in viral load over time were assessed by the linear regression slope for the productive and/or clearing phase of infection in women developing CIN3+ and women with transient infection respectively. Transient HPV infections generated similar increasing (0.21 copies/cell/day) and decreasing (−0.28 copies/cell/day) viral load slopes. In HPV infections leading to CIN3+, the viral load increased almost linearly with a slope of 0.0028 copies/cell/day. Difference in slopes between transient infections and infections leading to CIN3+ was highly significant (P < .0001). Serial type-specific viral load measurements predict the natural history of HPV infections and could be used to triage women in HPV-based cervical cancer screening.     

Opportunities to improve the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causal agent for approximately 5.3% of cancers worldwide, including cervical cancer, and subsets of genital and head and neck cancer. Persistent HPV infection is a necessary, but not sufficient, cause of cervical cancer. Of the >100 HPV genotypes, only about a dozen, termed "high-risk", are associated with cancer. HPV-16 is present in approximately 50% of all cervical cancers and HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31 and HPV-45 together account for approximately 80%. Most high-risk HPV infections are subclinical, and are cleared by the host's immune system. The remainder produces low or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), also called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which also may regress spontaneously. However persistent high grade SIL represents the precursor lesion of cervical cancer and carcinogenic progression is associated with integration of the viral DNA, loss of E2 and upregulation of viral oncogene expression, and chromosomal rearrangements like 3q gain. Cytologic screening of the cervix for SIL and intervention has reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in the US by an estimated 80% and HPV viral DNA and other molecular tests may improve screening further. The licensure of a preventive HPV vaccine ushers in a new era, but issues remain, including: protection restricted to a few oncogenic HPV types, access in low resource settings and impact on current cytologic screening protocols. Importantly, preventive HPV vaccination does not help with current HPV infection or disease. Here we examine the potential of second-generation preventive HPV vaccines and therapeutic HPV vaccination to address these outstanding issues.     

Association of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 and HLA class I antigen expression in cervical premalignant and malignant lesions

In the present experiment we studied the correlation between HPV16 infection and expression of HLA-I antigen in cervical premalignant and malignant lesions (cervicitis, CIN, cervical squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinoma samples). The HPV16 E7 DNA load and the expression of HLA-I antigen in the samples were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and immunohistochemical S-P staining, respectively. Our data indicate that HPV16 E7 load was highly and positively associated with the development of cervical lesions (Spearman's correlation coefficient r=0.848, p<0.001), the negative rate of HLA-I antigen was significantly distinguished among groups (p<0.001), and HPV16 E7 infection and downregulation of HLA-I antigen were highly correlated in cervical lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=-0.487, p<0.001). HPV16 E7 may play an important role in the downregulation of HLA-I antigen in cervical lesions, which results in the immune escape of the virus and the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, quantitative PCR for HPV16 E7 may play an important role in the early detection of cervical diseases and in guiding future therapy toward prevention.     

HPV分型及其高危亚型与宫颈病变的关系

目的研究HPV分型及其高危亚型与宫颈病变程度的关系。方法采用HPV基因分型技术对2014年7月至2015年8月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院妇科门诊就诊和体检的3 142例患者进行HPV分型检测,其中327例患者进行宫颈病理检查,分析高危型HPV感染与宫颈病变程度的关系。结果 3 142例受检对象中,21种HPV型别均被检测出,阳性检出者共969例,总检出率为30.80%,其中高危型741例,检出率为23.58%。随着宫颈病变级别的升高,高危型HPV阳性率也相应升高(P0.05),HPV16型感染阳性者宫颈癌发生率最高(P0.05)。高危型HPV阳性者中单一感染和多重感染与宫颈病变程度无关(P0.05)。结论高危型HPV亚型检测在宫颈病变预防和诊治中具有重要意义。     

宫颈癌中端粒酶的表达和高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染

目的：研究不同程度子宫颈病变中高危型人乳头瘤病毒HR-HPV感染和端粒酶活性的表达,以探讨两者在宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变中的作用及相关性。方法：采用第二代杂交捕获技术检测宫颈脱落细胞HPV．DNA含量,并用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测宫颈组织标本中端粒酶的表达。结果：（1）端粒酶阳性表达率在对照组、C1NI、CINII、CINⅢ和宫颈癌组分别为10．00％、16．67％、40．00％、70．00％、95．00％,宫颈癌组高于cINⅢ,CINⅢ高于C1NⅡ,C1NII高于CINI,差异均有统计学意5C（X^2=-4．329,P=0．037;xⅫ．327,P=0．038;X^2=4．022,P=0．045）。（2）随着宫颈病变级别的增加,高危型HPV的阳性率和病毒负荷量均增高。高危型HPV的阳性率在宫颈癌和CINⅢ组明显高于对照组、CINI及CINⅡ（X^2=29．501-7．414,P〈0．01）。高危型HPV的病毒负荷量在对照组与其他4组比较,差异均有统计学意K（P〈0．05）;C1NI组分别与CINⅡ、C1NⅢ及宫颈癌组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）随着宫颈病变级别的增加,高危型HPV的阳性率和端粒酶阳性表达率依次递增,两者有明显的相关性（r=0．943,P〈0．01）。结论：高危型HPV感染和端粒酶活性均与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的发生发展密切相关,有望作为子宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌筛查的监测指标。