广东省南岭新纪录种中管鼻蝠的形态测量、核型及超声波数据

2009年9月在广东省南岭采集到5只森林型蝙蝠,其鼻孔突出成短管状,背部毛棕褐色,前臂长34.3～36.8mm;核型为2n=44,FN=50.经鉴定为蝙蝠科管鼻蝠亚科的中管鼻蝠(Murina huttonii),为广东省翼手类分布新纪录.用蝙蝠超声波接收器(Anabat Ⅱ)录制并分析其回声定位声波,为FM型.中管鼻蝠...     

贵州发现毛翼管鼻蝠和华南菊头蝠及其回声定位声波特征

2017年5月分别在贵州省兴义市和安龙县用雾网采集到1只大体型雌性管鼻蝠和2只小体型雄性菊头蝠,经鉴定为毛翼管鼻蝠(Harpiocephalus harpia)和华南菊头蝠(Rhinolophus huananus),属贵州省翼手目新分布记录。所采集的毛翼管鼻蝠雌性个体可能为怀孕个体,故测量相关数据并鉴定后原地放归野外。华南菊头蝠标本保存于东北师范大学环境学院。毛翼管鼻蝠(1♀):鼻部呈短管状,全身被毛厚密而柔软,后足、翼膜和尾膜均被覆黄褐色绒毛;体重14.01 g,前臂长48.23 mm;回声定位声波为调频(FM)型,静止状态下声波峰频为(56.04±4.52)k Hz。华南菊头蝠(2♂):耳大,对耳屏相对较小;鼻叶之蹄状叶宽大,完全覆盖吻部;鞍状叶小,其高略超过其宽,近乎矩形;体毛烟褐色;2只样本体重分别为4.52 g、4.12 g,前臂长40.70 mm、40.00 mm;头骨狭长,颅全长16.35 mm、16.46 mm,颅宽8.11 mm、8.14 mm;回声定位声波属调频-恒频-调频(FM-CF-FM)型,静止状态下峰频分别为(68.48±0.08)k Hz、(67.18±0.06)k Hz。2种蝙蝠物种在贵州省为首次发现,扩大了其在国内的分布范围,丰富了生态资料,为进一步的研究和保护提供了基础资料。     

贵州6种蝙蝠的核型

采用常规骨髓细胞空气干燥法,研究了贵州6种蝙蝠的核型。白腹管鼻蝠(Murina leucogaster)2n=44,染色体臂数(FN)为58;普通长翼蝠(Miniopterus schreibersi)染色体数是2n=46,FN为50,黄大蹄蝠(Hipposideros pratti)2n=32,FN为60;角菊头蝠(Rhinolophus cornutus)2n=62,FN为60;云南菊头蝠(R.yunnanensis)2n=44,FN是60;犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)2n=34,FN=58。其中白腹管鼻蝠、云南菊头蝠和犬蝠为国内首次报道。     

湖南发现渡濑氏鼠耳蝠与中管鼻蝠

2022年7月和9月，本研究组在湖南开展翼手目多样性资源调查时，于常德市桃源县、湘西州保靖县、永州市双牌县和邵阳市绥宁县使用蝙蝠竖琴网分别采集到9只鼠耳蝠（7♂，2♀）和5只管鼻蝠（2♂，3♀），结合传统形态学和分子系统发育学方法对上述标本进行物种鉴定。该批鼠耳蝠体型中等，前臂长43.41～50.89 mm，全身毛发呈红褐色，耳廓端部、鼻孔周围、五趾与爪及尾末端均呈黑褐色，翼膜掌指间有三角形状的红褐色斑直达翼缘；头骨顶部平缓，颧弓发达，脑颅高而凸显，其形态特征和度量数据均与渡濑氏鼠耳蝠（Myotis rufoniger）相符。同时，采集的管鼻蝠标本体型中等，前臂长33.83～37.53 mm，背毛棕褐色，腹毛呈浅黄色；颅全长16.74～17.29 mm，颧弓平直而宽厚，其外形特征和度量数据均与中管鼻蝠（Murinahuttoni）相符。基于Cytb和COI基因构建的系统发育树均支持以上形态学鉴定结果。该报道为渡濑氏鼠耳蝠和中管鼻蝠在湖南省分布的新发现。标本现存于广州大学华南生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室，其中渡濑氏鼠耳蝠标本号为GZHU22429、GZHU22430、GZHU 2245...     

海南岛发现长舌果蝠

2019年7月于海南岛儋州市石花水洞网捕到1只蝙蝠,形态特征、头骨特征及线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定证实其为长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea),该物种为海南岛蝙蝠分布新记录种。其主要鉴别特征为:中等体型,前臂长69.6 mm;第二指无爪;有一短尾,尾长12.9 mm,明显突出于股膜之后;肛腺发达;头骨较大,头骨和吻部相对较长,颅全长35.2 mm,吻长11.4 mm。本文报道了海南岛长舌果蝠的外部形态、头骨特征以及基于Cyt b基因序列的系统发育树结果,并与该物种已报道的数据进行了比较。     

水甫管鼻蝠在模式产地外的发现——广东和江西省新纪录

正管鼻蝠(Murina)隶属于翼手目(Chiroptera)蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae),为森林性小型蝙蝠,遍布整个亚洲大陆,从巴基斯坦东北部到西伯利亚、韩国、日本直至澳大利亚南部(Corbet and Hill,1992)。Simmons(2005)记录世界上管鼻蝠属有17种,之后陆续发表了17个管鼻蝠新种(或亚种提升为种)。其中,我国有16种,主要分布     

基于部分线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(mtCOI)DNA 序列的6种蝙蝠(翼手目:蝙蝠科)的分子系统进化关系

对贵州5种蝙蝠科蝙蝠的部分线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基ⅠDNA序列进行了测定,并结合从Genbank获得的爪哇伏翼的相应序列,以Pteropus dasymallus,P.scapulatus,Rousettus aegyptiacus为外群,运用贝叶斯法(Bayes-ian),最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood,ML)分析了这6种蝙蝠科蝙蝠的分子系统进化关系。结果表明:在贝叶斯,ML树中,这6种蝙蝠科的蝙蝠可分为3个分支:亚洲长翼蝠是第1个独立出来的分支;白腹管鼻蝠是继亚洲长翼蝠之后第2个分离出来的分支;第3个分支又分为两支,一支由大鼠耳蝠和小鼠耳蝠组成,另一支由南蝠和爪哇伏翼组成,支持将这4种蝙蝠同归于蝙蝠亚科的结论,从一定程度上否定了鼠耳蝠属和管鼻蝠亚科之间的姐妹类群关系,也不支持将鼠耳属提升为亚科。     

罗蕾莱管鼻蝠在模式产地外的发现——云南分布新纪录

罗蕾莱管鼻蝠(Murina lorelieae)为Eger和Lim(2011)发表的管鼻蝠新种,模式产地为中国广西底定。本研究小组于2014年在云南哀牢山自然保护区捕获13只管鼻蝠标本。根据其外形与头骨特征及基于680 bp的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ片段序列的系统发育学证据,将该批云南哀牢山标本鉴定为罗蕾莱管鼻蝠,为该种在模式产地外分布的新发现,同时也为云南省蝙蝠分布新纪录。     

湖南省发现艾氏管鼻蝠

2007年7月17日在湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州永顺县境内的小溪国家级自然保护区一民居屋檐下捕获1只体型较小的雄性蝙蝠,经鉴定为艾氏管鼻蝠(Murina eleryi),是在湖南省首次发现该物种。标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

广西玉林市翼手类多样性初步调查

从2006年6月至2009年11月对玉林市翼手类物种多样性进行了初步调查.玉林市共有蝙蝠15种,隶属5科7属.其中东洋型种类有13种,占86.7%,季风型(东亚伏翼Pipistrellus abramus)和南中国型(灰伏翼Pipistrellus pulveratus)各1种,分别占蝙蝠种类的6.67%.玉林市蝙蝠可分为3种栖息类型:菊头蝠属Rhinolophus、蹄蝠属Hipposideros和棕果蝠Rousettus leschenaultia为洞穴型蝙蝠;犬蝠Cynopterus sphinx为树栖型蝙蝠;东亚伏翼和灰伏翼为房屋型蝙蝠.蝙蝠在该地区自然生态系统中占有重要地位,食虫蝙蝠捕食蚊、蛾等害虫,是控制害虫的有效天敌之一,食果蝙蝠对荔枝、龙眼、香蕉等水果造成一定危害.目前,由于栖息环境破坏和乱捕滥杀,蝙蝠种类和种群数量均有所下降,应加大保护力度.     

Middle Pleistocene fossil Cercopithecidae from Asbole, Afar Region, Ethiopia

A sample of 117 fossil cercopithecids has been collected from the Middle Pleistocene site of Asbole, Afar Region, Ethiopia. A minimum of five species is present. There are two species of Cercopithecini, here recognized as cf. Chlorocebus aff. aethiops, and cf. Chlorocebus cf. patas. There are also two species of Papionini: Papio hamadryas ssp. indet. and Theropithecus oswaldi leakeyi. Finally, there is a single species of colobine present, Colobus sp. indet. The assemblage is chronologically constrained and is derived from sediments dated to approximately 600 ka. Within this sample Colobus sp. is by far the most common species present, outnumbering the other four species combined. The cercopithecid assemblage is most consistent with a woodland habitat, corroborating an earlier interpretation based on the non-primate fauna. Taxonomic, biogeographic, and evolutionary implications of the assemblage are also discussed.     

Systematics of Australian Thrasorinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) with descriptions of Mikeiinae, new subfamily, two new genera, and three new species

The Australian Thrasorinae are revised and Mikeius is transferred to Mikeiinae Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, subfam. n., and Mikeius clavatus Pujade-Villar & Restrepo-Ortiz, sp. n., is described. Two new genera of Thrasorinae are erected: Cicatrix Paretas-Martínez, gen. n., including Cicatrix pilosiscutum(Girault), comb. n. from Amblynotus, Cicatrix schauffi (Buffington), comb. n. from Mikeius, and Cicatrix neumannoides Paretas-Martínez & Restrepo-Ortiz, sp. n.; and Palmiriella Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, gen. n., including Palmiriella neumanni (Buffington), comb. n. from Mikeius, Thrasorus rieki Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, sp. n., is also described. A phylogenetic analysis of 176 morphological and biological characters, including all these new taxa and all genera previously included in Thrasorinae, was conducted. All subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic, with the following relationships: Parnipinae (Euceroptrinae (Mikeiinae (Plectocynipinae (Thrasorinae)))). A worldwide key to the subfamilies of Figitidae is provided that includes the new subfamily, as well as a key to genera Thrasorinae.     

Unification of the genera Nonlabens, Persicivirga, Sandarakinotalea and Stenothermobacter into a single emended genus, Nonlabens, and description of Nonlabens agnitus sp. nov

Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that a bacterial isolate, designated JC2678(T), represents a distinct phyletic line within the suprageneric monophyletic clade containing the genera Nonlabens, Persicivirga, Stenothermobacter and Sandarakinotalea. The polyphasic data presented in this study demonstrated that the members belonging to the Nonlabens-like clade overall constitute a single genus. Therefore, it is proposed to transfer the members of genera Persicivirga O'Sullivan et al. 2006, Stenothermobacter Lau et al. 2006 and Sandarakinotalea Khan et al. 2006 to the genus Nonlabens Lau et al. 2005. Thus, P. dokdonensis (Yoon et al. 2006) Nedashkovskaya et al. 2009, P. ulvanivorans Barbeyron et al. 2010, P. xylanidelens O'Sullivan et al. 2006, Sandarakinotalea sediminis Khan et al. 2006 and Stenothermobacter spongiae Lau et al. 2006 should be transferred to Nonlabens dokdonensis comb. nov., Nonlabens ulvanivorans comb. nov., Nonlabens xylanidelens comb. nov., Nonlabens sediminis comb. nov. and Nonlabens spongiae comb. nov., respectively. In addition, strain JC2678(T) (=KACC 14155(T)=JCM 17109(T)) is proposed to constitute a novel species belonging to the genus Nonlabens with the name of Nonlabens agnitus sp. nov.     

On Hypolycaena from Maluku, Indonesia, including the first description of male Hypolycaena asahi (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)

The taxonomy and distribution of the five species of Hypolycaena in Maluku are discussed and new locality records given. Corrections are made to the published taxonomy and distribution of Hypolycaena phorbas (Fabricius, 1793). This clarification enables a better understanding of the biogeography of the genus. Hypolycaena asahi Okubo, 2007, was originally described from a single female from Ambon and is here recorded from Seram. The male is described for the first time.     

Pathogenicity of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi, seedlings

Pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to Japanese larch, Larix kaempferi, seedlings was tested with inoculation experiments under nursery conditions. Water suspensions of nematodes (mixed stages cultured on Botrytis cinerea or dispersal fourth-stage juveniles (DJ4) extracted from the adult Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus) were injected into the stems of 2- and 3-year-old Japanese larch and Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii, seedlings growing in a nursery. In another treatment, Japanese pine sawyer adults holding DJ4 were released under a net that covered the upper half of the seedlings. Regardless of nematode inoculation method, Japanese larch seedlings were as susceptible as Japanese black pine seedlings to B. xylophilus under nursery conditions. The rate of disease development was similar on larch and pine seedlings. Nematode population densities were lower in the stems of dead larch seedlings than in the stems of dead pine seedlings. Histopathological observations revealed that the distribution of nematodes in the stems of dead larch seedlings was mostly limited to the cortex, phloem and cambial zone. Traumatic resin canal formation was one of the most characteristic symptoms in larch seedlings which was dissimilar to that in pine seedlings.     

Annotated checklist of the recent and extinct pythons (Serpentes, Pythonidae), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution

McDiarmid et al. (1999) published the first part of their planned taxonomic catalog of the snakes of the world. Since then, several new python taxa have been described in both the scientific literature and non-peer-reviewed publications. This checklist evaluates the nomenclatural status of the names and discusses the taxonomic status of the new taxa, and aims to continue the work of McDiarmid et al. (1999) for the family Pythonidae, covering the period 1999 to 2010. Numerous new taxa are listed, and where appropriate recent synonymies are included and annotations are made. A checklist and a taxonomic identification key of valid taxa are provided.     

Bahiagrass,Corn, Cotton Rotations,and Pesticides for Managing Nematodes,Diseases, and Insects on Peanut

Florunner peanut was grown after 1 and 2 years of Tifton 9 bahiagrass, corn, cotton, and continuous peanut as whole-plots. Pesticide treatments aldicarb (3.4 kg a.i./ha), flutolanil (1.7 kg a.i./ha), aldicarb + flutolanil, and untreated (control) were sub-plots. Numbers of Meloidogyne arenaria second-stage juveniles in the soil and root-gall indices of peanut at harvest were consistently lower in plots treated with aldicarb and aldicarb + flutolanil than in flutolanil-treated and untreated plots. Percentages of peanut leaflets damaged by thrips and leafhoppers were consistently greater in flutolaniltreated and untreated plots than in plots treated with aldicarb or aldicarb + flutolanil but not affected by cropping sequences. Incidence of southern stem rot was moderate to high for all chemical treatments except those that included flutolanil. Stem rot loci were low in peanut following 2 years of bahiagrass, intermediate following 2 years of corn or cotton, and highest in continuous peanut. Rhizoctonia limb rot was more severe in the peanut monoculture than in peanut following 2 years of bahiagrass, corn, or cotton. Flutolanil alone or combined with aldicarb suppressed limb rot compared with aldicarb-treated and untreated plots. Peanut pod yields were 4,186 kg/ha from aldicarb + flutolanil-treated plots, 3,627 kg/ha from aldicarb-treated plots, 3,426 kg/ha from flutolanil-treated plots, and 3,056 kg/ha from untreated plots. Yields of peanut following 2 years of bahiagrass, corn, and cotton were 29% to 33% higher than yield of monocultured peanut.     

Repellent activity of alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, and ginger, Zingiber officinale, against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais

The repellent activity of alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, and ginger, Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was investigated in four-way olfactometer bioassays. Results showed that vacuum distilled A. melegueta and Z. officinale extracts were repellent towards adult S. zeamais both in the absence and the presence of maize, Zea mays, grains. Bioassay-guided liquid chromatographic fractionation of the distillates showed that fractions containing oxygenated compounds accounted for the repellent activity. Coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by GC peak enhancement and enantioselective GC using authentic compounds, identified 3 major compounds in the behaviourally active fractions of A. melegueta and Z. officinale to be (S)-2-heptanol, (S)-2-heptyl acetate and (R)-linalool in a ratio of 1:6:3, and 1,8-cineole, neral and geranial in a ratio of 5.48:1:2.13, respectively. The identification of these behaviourally active compounds provides the scientific basis for the observed repellent properties of A. melegueta and Z. officinale, and demonstrates the potential for their use in stored-product protection at the small-scale farmer level in Africa.     

Penetration,Development, and Reproduction of Heterodera schachtii on Fagopyrum esculentum,Phacelia tanacetifolia,Raphanus sativus,Sinapis alba,and Brassica oleracea

The penetration, development, and reproduction of a California population of the sugarbeet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, was observed on cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus), and white mustard (Sinapis alba). With the exception of the nonhost, phacelia, all were readily penetrated by second-stage juveniles of H. schachtii. After 38 days at 25 C, no cysts were observed on phacelia cv. Angelia or on the oilseed radish cv. Nemex and Pegletta. Cyst production was low (<2.5 cysts/plant) on the buckwheat cv. Tardo and Prego and most of the oilseed radish cultivars. Cyst production was intermediate (5-14 cysts/plant) on most of the white mustard cultivars, and high on cabbage (20-110 cysts/plant). In microplot studies conducted over 133 days (approx. 450 degree-days, base 8 C), the reproductive index for H. schachtii was greater than 1.0 for cultivars of phacelia, oilseed radish, and white mustard as welt as in fallow treatments, indicating the need for further research on the use of these crops under field conditions.     

Dehydrogenases,Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases,and Esterases for Chemotaxonomy of Selected Meloidogyne,Ditylenchus, Heterodera and Aphelenchus spp.

Various taxonomically useful profiles of four dehydrogenases (lactate, malate, glucose-6-phosphate, and a-glycerophosphate) and three hydrolases (acid and alkaline phosphatase and esterase) were detected in whole nematode homogenates of Meloidogyne javanica, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. arenaria, Ditylenchus dipsaci, D. triformis, Heterodera glycines, and Aphelenchus avenae. The enzyme profiles were stable in populations cultured on several different hosts. A tentative enzymically-determined phylogeny of Meloidogyne is given.