中国渡濑氏鼠耳蝠种名订正

金黄鼠耳蝠Myotis formosus与渡濑氏鼠耳蝠M.rufoniger在物种识别及学名和中文名使用上一直混乱。以广东和江西采集的部分鼠耳蝠标本为研究对象,结合形态学和分子系统发育学方法对其进行分类厘定。结果显示,所采集的标本应为"渡濑氏鼠耳蝠",其形态特征却与国内文献中的"绯鼠耳蝠"(学名错用为M.formosus)形态描述相符合,结合历史文献,可确定国内鉴定的"绯鼠耳蝠"应为渡濑氏鼠耳蝠,国内分布区主要集中在中国东部,而近似种金黄鼠耳蝠仅在台湾和江西有分布记录。     

湖南长沙发现霍氏鼠耳蝠

2021年8月分别在湖南省长沙市天心区大托站立交桥底和昭华湘江大桥底捕获2只鼠耳蝠（2♂,标本号211521和211540）,经鉴定为霍氏鼠耳蝠（Myotis horsfieldii）,为湖南省蝙蝠分布新记录物种。本次捕获标本体型中等偏小,前臂长分别为36.1 mm（211521）和33.1 mm（211540）,头体长为44.0 mm和41.2 mm,后足长（10.5 mm和10.4 mm）超过胫骨长（16.4 mm和16.2 mm）的一半,耳屏长（5.1 mm和3.8 mm）不及耳长（12.5 mm和10.0 mm）的一半;头骨狭长,颅全长15.5 mm和15.0 mm,脑颅宽7.8 mm和7.5 mm,颅骨纤弱,额骨处有明显倾斜,脑颅高于上颌骨,颧弓较细。与来自泰国和印度尼西亚的霍氏鼠耳蝠标本相比,前臂长、头体长和尾长测量数据偏小,但头骨测量数据接近。基于Cyt b基因序列的系统发育分析表明,此次捕获的鼠耳蝠标本与霍氏鼠耳蝠聚类在一起,与来自香港的霍氏鼠耳蝠样本遗传距离仅为0.9%,故确定该物种为霍氏鼠耳蝠。标本保存于广东省科学院动物研究所。     

湖南省衡东县发现长指鼠耳蝠

2016年8月27日在湖南省衡阳市衡东县四方山林场仙妃洞（26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463 m）采到1只鼠耳蝠标本（1♂）;同年8月29日在金觉峰（26°58′24.4″N,113°3′23.1″E,海拔311 m）采到9只鼠耳蝠标本（4♀,5♂）。上述鼠耳蝠标本形态较小,前臂长33.3 ~ 36.1 mm,其后足长（不包括爪长）长于胫长之半,胫外缘有毛;颅全长13.57 ~ 14.35 mm,头骨粗壮,脑颅圆且较高,明显高过上颌骨。经形态和线粒体Cyt b序列鉴定,确认这10只蝙蝠均为蝙蝠科（Vespertilionidac）鼠耳蝠属（Myotis）的长指鼠耳蝠（M. longipes）,该种为湖南省翼手目分布新记录种,标本（编号,4♀为HUNNU16JJ28、HUNNU16JJ42、HUNNU16JJ43、HUNNU16JJ52,6♂为HUNNU16SF25、HUNNU16JJ05、HUNNU16JJ08、HUNNU16JJ51、HUNNU16JJ58、HUNNU16JJ60）保存于湖南师范大学动物标本室。     

江西南昌及浙江衢州发现东亚水鼠耳蝠

2020年5至9月,在江西省南昌市向塘机场七里港火车桥底、高访立交桥底、横岗铁路桥底和浙江省衢州市衢州机场西山村涵洞分别捕获到1号(雌性)、4号(2雄性、2雌性)、2号(2雄性)和1号(雌性)鼠耳蝠。上述鼠耳蝠体型较小,头体长42.89 ~ 51.41 mm,前臂长40.18 ~ 42.22 mm;头骨较小,脑颅略低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻长较短,吻宽较长,超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细且发达,宽度明显超过后头宽,明显区别于该地区已报道的鼠耳蝠物种。通过外部形态鉴定以及Cyt b、COI序列比对和系统发育关系结果,鉴定上述标本为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax),且该种是在江西省和浙江省翼手目分布新记录种。上述标本保存于广东省科学院动物研究所。     

贵州省果树蹄蝠的分类记述

2008年10月在贵州省荔波县进行翼手目动物多样性调查中,于该县永康乡采集到2号蹄蝠标本,经与国内外记载过的蹄蝠科bicolor族群的标本进行比较,这2号标本的体型较小,前臂长分别为44.26mm、42.48mm,耳大而圆,耳长22.02mm、22.58mm;鼻叶简单,前鼻叶外侧没有小附叶,中鼻叶不发达;后鼻叶稍宽于前鼻叶和中鼻叶,被3纵隔分为4个部分,P2弱小,但未消失,位于齿列线外侧,这些特征与中国和泰国记载的果树蹄蝠Hipposideros pomona一致。另对贵州早期文献中记载的双色蹄蝠H.bicolor标本进行了查阅,认为其应归为果树蹄蝠。     

湖南衡东发现东亚水鼠耳蝠

2016年8月27日晚间在湖南省衡东县四方山国有林场仙妃洞(26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463m)利用雾网采集到2号鼠耳蝠标本(HUNNU16SF16雄性、HUNNU16SF38雌性)。通过外部形态以及Cyt b序列比对,确认这两只鼠耳蝠为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax)。此2个体体型较小,头体长分别为49.76 mm与49.93 mm,前臂长分别为40.73 mm和42.40 mm;头骨较小、略低而不显圆滑,上颌向上中等弯曲约30°,脑颅较低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻较发达,宽度超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细,宽度明显超过后头宽,头骨后部略显浑圆而稍外凸;阴茎骨较长,1.088 mm,宽度为0.742 mm。此记录为湖南省翼手目分布新记录,标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

贵州发现毛翼管鼻蝠和华南菊头蝠及其回声定位声波特征

2017年5月分别在贵州省兴义市和安龙县用雾网采集到1只大体型雌性管鼻蝠和2只小体型雄性菊头蝠,经鉴定为毛翼管鼻蝠(Harpiocephalus harpia)和华南菊头蝠(Rhinolophus huananus),属贵州省翼手目新分布记录。所采集的毛翼管鼻蝠雌性个体可能为怀孕个体,故测量相关数据并鉴定后原地放归野外。华南菊头蝠标本保存于东北师范大学环境学院。毛翼管鼻蝠(1♀):鼻部呈短管状,全身被毛厚密而柔软,后足、翼膜和尾膜均被覆黄褐色绒毛;体重14.01 g,前臂长48.23 mm;回声定位声波为调频(FM)型,静止状态下声波峰频为(56.04±4.52)k Hz。华南菊头蝠(2♂):耳大,对耳屏相对较小;鼻叶之蹄状叶宽大,完全覆盖吻部;鞍状叶小,其高略超过其宽,近乎矩形;体毛烟褐色;2只样本体重分别为4.52 g、4.12 g,前臂长40.70 mm、40.00 mm;头骨狭长,颅全长16.35 mm、16.46 mm,颅宽8.11 mm、8.14 mm;回声定位声波属调频-恒频-调频(FM-CF-FM)型,静止状态下峰频分别为(68.48±0.08)k Hz、(67.18±0.06)k Hz。2种蝙蝠物种在贵州省为首次发现,扩大了其在国内的分布范围,丰富了生态资料,为进一步的研究和保护提供了基础资料。     

甘肃省卓尼县发现宽耳犬吻蝠

2020年10月17日,在甘肃省卓尼县（103°30′37″ E,34°35′00″ N,海拔2 540 m）用手网采集到1只雌性蝙蝠;该个体前臂长59.98 mm;两耳宽大,耳缘具毛,双耳前缘基部在额顶相联;吻部突出,上唇肥厚有褶皱;尾从尾膜后缘伸出一半;足掌具明显可见肉垫;各脚趾缘具有白色硬毛;背毛呈土褐色,毛基苍白色。头骨狭长,颅全长24.05 mm;颧弓平直;上门齿与上犬齿大,下门齿小,齿式为1.1.2.3/3.1.2.3 = 32。以上形态特征均与宽耳犬吻蝠（Tadarida insignis）相符;基于细胞色素b基因（Cyt b）系统发育学证据也支持上述结果,故将此标本鉴定为宽耳犬吻蝠。此为该种在甘肃省翼手目分布新记录。     

湖南省衡东县发现大卫鼠耳蝠

2015年7月26日于湖南省衡东县四方山仙妃洞(26°58′24.93″N,113°3′23.03″E,海拔641 m)捕到1只雌性蝙蝠。该蝙蝠体型较小,前臂长34.54 mm,后足长超过胫长的一半;通体黑褐色,被毛毛尖染有淡棕色,腹毛由前而后淡棕色毛尖逐渐增加,到腹后部几乎形成淡棕色区;颅全长13.34 mm,齿式为2.1.3.3/3.1.3.3=38,初步鉴定为大卫鼠耳蝠(Myotis davidii)。基于线粒体Cyt b基因1 140 bp序列对上述标本与大卫鼠耳蝠不同种群进行系统发育分析,大卫鼠耳蝠是一个单起源的谱系,其种群形成了广东、广西一个支系和江苏、安徽、浙江、湖南、重庆另一个支系,其中,江苏种群和广西种群之间的遗传距离最远。通过形态特征和线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定,确认此标本为蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidac)鼠耳蝠属的大卫鼠耳蝠。标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。     

毛腿鼠耳蝠、亚洲长翼蝠和栗鼠耳蝠斑驳白化现象

斑驳白化是一种先天性颜色失调表型,在翼手目中较为罕见。2016年5月至8月期间,分别在3个省份共发现3种存在斑驳白化现象蝙蝠。在河南省内乡县七里坪乡北湾村,发现1只怀孕雌性斑驳白化毛腿鼠耳蝠(Myotis fimbriatus),斑驳区域包括背部左侧区域及腹部左侧边缘一带。在陕西省柞水县下梁镇,发现1只怀孕雌性斑驳白化亚洲长翼蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus),斑驳部位包括背部下端、腹部底端股骨边缘、左右股骨、尾骨及小部分尾膜区域。在云南省晋宁县双河乡法古甸村,发现2只斑驳白化雄性栗鼠耳蝠(Myotis badius),斑驳区域分别为背部左下侧和背颈部一侧,区域面积较小。其中,毛腿鼠耳蝠和栗鼠耳蝠的斑驳白化现象为国内首次报道。此外,通过测量蝙蝠体重、前臂长等体型参数,并与同种正常个体进行比较,发现斑驳白化亚洲长翼蝠体重偏大,1只斑驳白化栗鼠耳蝠前臂长偏大,其余斑驳白化蝙蝠体型数据均在正常范围内,表明斑驳白化现象对蝙蝠的正常生存与繁殖未造成严重影响。这为将来斑驳白化蝙蝠的生理生态研究提供科学依据。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).