月季eIF－5A基因的表达增强宿主大肠杆菌对高温和低温的耐性

真核生物翻译起始因子（eIF－5A）是在调控生物生长发育、衰老与环境响应中起重要作用的蛋白质。设计eIF－5A基因的兼并引物,对月季受高温诱导的叶片cDNA进行PCR扩增,获得特异性片段回收、克隆和测序,确定该cDNA为月季eIF-5A(命名为RceIF5A),含有480bp的核苷酸,编码159个氨基酸。将该cDNA序列克隆到原核表达载体PET32a中,获得重组子pET32a－eIF5A。高温（50℃）和低温（4℃）胁迫下含有该基因的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21 (pET32a-eIF5A)比E. coli BL21 (pET32a)有明显的抗性提高,据此认为含有重组子的E. coli BL21 (pET32a-eIF5A)对高低温的抗性可能与eIF-5A基因的表达相关。该基因的GeneBank登录号为 EF177192。     

重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET28a-eIF5A)的抗逆性分析

目的:分析重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET28a-eIF5A)的抗逆性。方法:将来源于柽柳的eIF5A基因构建到原核表达载体pET28a中,在原核表达的基础上,利用分光光度计检测重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET28a-eIF5A)的抗逆性。结果:BL21(pET28a-eIF5A)的抗盐碱性明显高于对照菌株BL21(pET28a),其中重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET28a-eIF5A)的抗NaCl的临界浓度为0.8mol/L,抗NaHCO3的临界浓度为0.52mol/L,不具有抗AgNO3和抗旱性。结论:重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET28a-eIF5A)具有良好的抗NaCl和NaHCO3特性,该抗性的证明为eIF5A基因在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用提供了资料。     

南极衣藻谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因的表达及其对大肠杆菌低温耐受性的增强作用

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(Glutathione-S-transferase, GST, EC2.5.1.18)是生物体内一种重要的抗氧化酶, 为阐明GST在南极衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L)中的具体地位, 采用实时荧光定量PCR对不同温度下南极衣藻的GST基因的表达进行了分析; 并构建了原核表达载体pET28a(+)-GST, 转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达, 通过平板培养法探讨了重组菌E. coli BL21(pET28a(+)-GST)对低温胁迫的耐受性。结果显示, GST在0℃时表达量最高, 最高可达对照组的两倍多; pET28a(+)-GST重组表达载体在E. coli BL21中实现了高效表达, 且主要以包涵体形式存在, 经HisTrap HP柱分离纯化获得高纯度的GST融合蛋白, 并通过SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析得以验证; 对低温胁迫实验发现南极衣藻GST蛋白的表达可以提高重组菌E. coli BL21对低温的耐受性, 说明GST基因对南极衣藻适应南极低温环境具有重要作用。     

盐穗木HcUKPP原核表达及重组菌非生物胁迫耐受性研究

该研究采用RT-PCR技术,从盐穗木cDNA文库中克隆获得未知功能多肽HcUKPP基因,构建了大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21∷pET30a-HcUKPP重组菌株,并检测了重组菌株在不同非生物胁迫下的耐受性。结果显示:HcUKPP基因开放阅读框为243bp,融合His的HcUKPP蛋白的分子量约为15kD。在37℃条件下,不同浓度的异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导4h后His-HcUKPP融合蛋白均可表达,且E.coli BL21∷pET30aHcUKPP重组菌在不同浓度NaCl(100~900mmol/L)、聚乙二醇(2.5%~20%,PEG 6000)和甲基紫精(25~200μmol/L)胁迫处理下,其生长均具有明显优势。尤其是在500mmol/L NaCl、10%PEG 6000和75μmol/L甲基紫精胁迫12h后,重组大肠杆菌BL21呈现出极显著的优势,分别达到了对照菌的1.81、1.47和3.48倍。研究表明,盐穗木HcUKPP可以显著提高重组大肠杆菌对不同非生物胁迫的耐受性,证明HcUKPP是一类新发现的能够响应非生物胁迫的多肽。     

小鼠HSP60基因的克隆与表达条件的优化

目的:克隆小鼠热休克蛋白60(HSP60)基因,在大肠杆菌中表达,并进一步对其表达条件进行优化.方法:采用RTPCR技术克隆出非肥胖性糖尿病(NOD)小鼠HSP60的cDNA序列.构建重组表达载体pET28a- HSP60,以其转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21( DE3),在不同的菌体浓度、不同浓度的异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)、不同诱导时间以及不同温度条件下诱导,检测重组蛋白的表达情况.结果:获得一个含有1 721bp的cDNA的片段,重组蛋白HSP60在E.coli BL -21 (DE3)中的最佳表达条件是菌体密度A600nm为0.6,诱导时间为5h,诱导物(IPTG)浓度为4mmol/L,诱导温度为35℃,重组蛋白大小约为60kD.结论:成功克隆了小鼠HSP60基因,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,为重组蛋白的分离纯化及进一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础.     

人胱硫醚β合成酶原核表达纯化及鉴定

目的:构建人胱硫醚β合成酶(human cystathionineβ-synthase,hCBS)基因原核表达载体,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中表达,并进行纯化和酶活性检测。方法:以胰腺细胞cDNA文库为模板,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增hCBS基因蛋白编码区的全序列,克隆入原核表达载体pET32a(+),构建重组质粒pET32a(+)-hCBS。经限制性内切酶双酶切及DNA序列分析鉴定目的基因后与人CBS基因(基因bank号:BT007154.1)完全一致,转入E.coli BL21(DE3)中,由IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白。结果:经SDS-PAGE、Western blot分析,证明诱导表达的蛋白为重组人CBS(rhCBS)。再由Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析,并脱盐冷冻干燥后获得重组rhCBS(约19 mg/L培养物),并测得其比活力约为57 kU/g。结论:成功地表达纯化出具有功能活性的重组蛋白rhCBS,为进一步研究该酶的相互作用蛋白以及其在生物学和临床科学的作用奠定了基础。     

地衣芽孢杆菌E7氨肽酶的异源表达及其在高效蛋白水解中的应用

【目的】将地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslicheniformis)E7氨肽酶基因pepN克隆到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21中,实现氨肽酶Ec PepN的异源表达,研究重组酶的酶学性质及其与碱性蛋白酶协同作用,高效水解大豆蛋白和酪蛋白,产生小分子活性肽和游离氨基酸。【方法】以地衣芽孢杆菌E7基因组DNA为模板,将氨肽酶基因pepN克隆到载体pET28a中,构建重组表达载体pET28-pepN,转化到大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞中,经DNA测序验证,获得重组菌E. coli BL21/pET28-pepN。利用镍离子亲和层析柱对重组酶进行分离纯化,研究纯酶的pH和温度稳定性、半衰期和NaCl的耐受性等酶学性质。以商品化氨肽酶与碱性蛋白酶协同作用为对照,重组酶Ec PepN与碱性蛋白酶协同水解大豆蛋白和酪蛋白,测定水解产物中小分子活性肽和游离氨基酸的组成。【结果】Ec PepN在大肠杆菌BL21中可溶性表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明纯化的重组酶在52kDa左右显示单一条带。在7种测定底物中,Ec PepN的最适底物为Ala-pNA。在最适条件(pH 9.0和50°C...     

人MGMT基因Cdna的克隆表达及表达蛋白修复功能的鉴定

克隆了Hela细胞O6 甲基鸟嘌呤 DNA 甲基转移酶 (MGMT)基因的cDNA序列 ,该序列与国外发表的cDNA完全一致。将此cDNA插入原核表达载体pET 2 1a后转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)获得表达的重组菌株pET 2 1a MGMT E .coliBL2 1(DE3) ,经IPTG诱导后产生分子量为 2 4kD的蛋白质。烷化类诱变剂致死突变实验表明 ,MGMT蛋白的表达能修复受体菌DNA分子因烷化类诱变剂导致的突变。     

法夫酵母β-胡萝卜素转化酶(Asy)基因的克隆及可溶性表达研究

[目的]从高产虾青素的法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma) 7B12菌株中克隆β-胡萝卜素转化酶基因(β-Carotene converting enzyme gene,asy),并将该基因在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中进行可溶性表达,为深入研究该酶的性质及应用提供基础.[方法]采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术,克隆得到asy基因全长cDNA序列,将其克隆到表达载体pET32a中,通过优化温度和IPTG浓度提高其可溶表达量;进一步在E.coli BL21(DE3)中共表达携带asy基因的重组质粒和pACCAR 16△crtx质粒(携带由乙酰辅酶A合成β-胡萝卜素的基因链),用液相色谱分析共转化菌株中类胡萝卜素种类的变化,鉴定可溶性表达的Asy酶活性.[结果]法夫酵母7B12菌株asy基因的cDNA序列与GenBank能检索到的唯一一条asy基因mRNA序列(Accession No.DQ002007.1)一致性达到97％,该序列总长1 971 bp,最大开放阅读框为1 614 bp,编码538个氨基酸,在E.coli BL21 (DE3)中表达的Asy融合蛋白分子量约为70 kD;条件优化后转化asy基因的重组菌在26℃、0.5 mmol/L IPTG的条件下诱导时,可溶性融合蛋白比例达85％.与pACCAR16△crtx单质粒转化相比,共转化pACCAR 16△crtx及asy基因的菌株类胡萝卜素产物的成分发生了明显的变化,其中α-胡萝卜素的含量明显减少,伴随出现了3种新的色素,根据出峰时间判断其中一种为β-胡萝卜素和虾青素的中间产物——β-隐黄质.[结论]从法夫酵母中克隆得到asy基因,通过优化诱导温度及IPTG浓度等条件提高了该基因在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的可溶性表达量,经鉴定可溶性的Asy融合蛋白具有转化β-胡萝卜素的活性.     

棉花GhVHA A基因的原核表达及其重组大肠杆菌的抗逆性分析

为进一步验证棉花GhVHA-A基因的功能,该研究将棉花GhVHA-A基因构建到原核表达载体pET28a上,利用IPTG诱导其在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达,同时对重组大肠杆菌BL21(pET28a-GhVHA-A)进行抗逆性分析。结果表明:(1)半定量RT-PCR分析发现,棉花幼苗液泡膜H+-ATPase基因(GhVHA-A)表达水平受脱水和高盐胁迫诱导。(2)将1 872bp长的编码区序列连接至原核表达载体pET28a上,成功构建了原核表达载体pET28a-GhVHA-A;SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果表明,在70kD左右处有1条特异表达的蛋白质条带,与预期的目的产物大小一致。(3)重组菌BL21(pET28a-GhVHA-A)的抗逆性分析发现,重组菌对PEG6000(20%)和NaCl(0.5mol/L)的抗性明显高于对照菌株BL21(pET28a),表明GhVHA-A基因在大肠杆菌中表达后能够增强菌株的抗性。本研究结果为GhVHA-A基因在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用提供了理论依据。     

Synthesis of 5-deoxy-5-fluorosporaricin A

The structures of the O-specific side-chains in the lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella greenside, group Z, and Salmonella adelaide, group O, have been investigated. The former proved to be identical with that of Escherichia coli O 55. The latter, which was more extensively studied, was composed of repeating units having the structure

in which Col is colitose (3,6-dideoxy-l-xylo-hexose). This was also shown to be the biological repeating-unit. The same structure has been proposed for the O-antigen of E. coli O 111. The biological repeating-unit for the S. greenside O-antigen was also defined. The structural studies also confirmed that both lipopolysaccharides contain the hexose region typical for the Salmonella core.     

A ligand for CD5 is CD5

Recognition by scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains on membrane proteins regulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Two receptors expressed primarily on T cells, CD5 and CD6, are linked genetically and are structurally similar, both containing three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains in their extracellular regions. A specific cell surface interaction for CD5 has been difficult to define at the molecular level because of the susceptibility of CD5 protein to denaturation. By using soluble CD5 purified at neutral pH to preserve biological activity, we show that CD5 mediates species-specific homophilic interactions. CD5 domain 1 only is involved in the interaction. CD5 mAbs that have functional effects in humans, rats, and mice block homophilic binding. Ag-specific responses by mouse T cells in vitro were increased when engagement of human CD5 domain 1 was inhibited by mutation or by IgG or Fab fragment from a CD5 mAb. This showed that homophilic binding results in productive engagement. Enhancement of polyclonal immune responses of rat lymph node cells by a Fab fragment from a CD5 mAb shown to block homophilic interactions provided evidence that the extracellular region of CD5 regulates inhibition in normal cells. These biochemical and in vitro functional assays provide evidence that the extracellular region of CD5 regulates immunity through species-specific homophilic interactions.     

Phosphorylation of 2-5A core 5'-diphosphate to 2-5A in mouse L cell extracts

When added to extracts of mouse L cells containing ATP and an energy regenerating system, the 5'-diphosphate of 2-5A core, pp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A, as well as a bromoadenylate analog, pp5' (br8A)2'p5'(br8A)2'p5'(br8A), can be phosphorylated to the corresponding 5'-triphosphate, ppp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A and ppp5'(br8A)2'p5'(br8A)2'p5(br8A), respectively. The extent of this conversion was about 0.5% when the concentration of 5'-diphosphate was about 10(-4) M. Thus, although previous studies have shown that the 5'diphosphate, pp5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A, can activate the 2-5A-dependent endonuclease, this may be related to a phosphorylation reaction in the crude cell extracts employed in these studies and may not represent a true ability of such a 5'-diphosphate to activate directly the endonuclease.     

Crystal structure of hyperthermophilic archaeal initiation factor 5A: a homologue of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A)

Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) is ubiquitous in eukaryotes and archaebacteria and is essential for cell proliferation and survival. The crystal structure of the eIF-5A homologue (PhoIF-5A) from a hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 was determined at 2.0 A resolution by the molecular replacement method. PhoIF-5A is predominantly composed of beta-strands comprising two distinct folding domains, an N-domain (residues 1-69) and a C-domain (residues 72-138), connected by a short linker peptide (residues 70-71). The N-domain has an SH3-like barrel, while the C-domain folds in an (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding) OB fold. Comparison of the structure of PhoIF-5A with those of archaeal homologues from Methanococcus jannaschii and Pyrobaculum aerophilum showed that the N-domains could be superimposed with root mean square deviation (rmsd) values of 0.679 and 0.624 A, while the C-domains gave higher values of 1.824 and 1.329 A, respectively. Several lines of evidence suggest that eIF-5A functions as a biomodular protein capable of interacting with protein and nucleic acid. The surface representation of electrostatic potential shows that PhoIF-5A has a concave surface with positively charged residues between the N- and C-domains. In addition, a flexible long hairpin loop, L1 (residues 33-41), with a hypusine modification site is positively charged, protruding from the N-domain. In contrast, the opposite side of the concave surface at the C-domain is mostly negatively charged. These findings led to the speculation that the concave surface and loop L1 at the N-domain may be involved in RNA binding, while the opposite side of the concave surface in the C-domain may be involved in protein interaction.     

gamma-Carbolines: binding at 5-HT5A serotonin receptors

Screening of various agents resulted in the identification of 5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-gamma-carboline (1; K(i)=5,300 nM) as a compound with modest affinity for mouse 5-HT(5A) receptors. Structure-affinity studies were conducted resulting in 5-methyl-2-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-gamma-carboline (17; K(i)=13 nM). Although 17 also binds at 5-HT(2) receptors, it serves as a novel lead for the further development of 5-HT(5A) ligands.     

A decade of CDK5

Since it was identified a decade ago, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) has emerged as a crucial regulator of neuronal migration in the developing central nervous system. CDK5 phosphorylates a diverse list of substrates, implicating it in the regulation of a range of cellular processes - from adhesion and motility, to synaptic plasticity and drug addiction. Recent evidence indicates that deregulation of this kinase is involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.