菜豆幼苗EPSP合成酶的分离纯化和它的部分性质

利用硫酸铵分级沉淀,SephedexG-50凝胶柱层析,FPLCMono-Q和磷酸纤维素离子层析法从菜豆幼苗中分离提纯了EPSP合成酶。该酶被纯化2961.6倍,比活性达到6219.4nmolmg-1蛋白min-1。该酶分子量经SDS-PAGE检测为51kD,等电点为pH5.7,酶促反应最适pH7.5,最适温度45℃。6.2μmol/L的除草剂草甘膦能抑制EPSP合成酶活性的50%。     

棘孢曲霉SM-L22 β-葡萄糖苷酶的纯化与性质*

通过分子筛层析和离子交换层析等手段,分离纯化了棘孢曲霉SM-L22纤维素酶系中的β-葡萄糖苷酶组分。通过SDS-PAGE和IEF电泳测得其分子量为57.9 kDa,等电点为pH 4.5。该酶组分的最适温度60℃,最适pH 5.5,在40℃以下以及pH 3.0~10.0范围内稳定。Fe2+和Mn2+ 对酶有激活作用,而 EDTA对酶有较明显的抑制作用。底物专一性实验表明,该酶可作用于纤维二糖、水杨素和乳糖。作用于纤维二糖和水杨素的Km值分别为17.13 10-3 mol/L 和11.93 10-3 mol/L,Vmax分别为3.456 10-4 mol/L/min和7.139 10-4 mol/L/min,Kcat分别为3.75 S-1和7.73 S-1。     

棘孢曲霉SM-L22β-葡萄糖苷酶的纯化与性质

通过分子筛层析和离子交换层析等手段,分离纯化了棘孢曲霉SM-L22纤维素酶系中的β-葡萄糖苷酶组分。通过SDS-PAGE和IEF电泳测得其分子量为57.9 kDa,等电点为pH 4.5。该酶组分的最适温度60℃,最适pH 5.5,在40℃以下以及pH 3.0~10.0范围内稳定。Fe2+和Mn2+ 对酶有激活作用,而 EDTA对酶有较明显的抑制作用。底物专一性实验表明,该酶可作用于纤维二糖、水杨素和乳糖。作用于纤维二糖和水杨素的Km值分别为17.13 10-3 mol/L 和11.93 10-3 mol/L,Vmax分别为3.456 10-4 mol/L/min和7.139 10-4 mol/L/min,Kcat分别为3.75 S-1和7.73 S-1。     

意大利蜜蜂N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质分析

【目标】N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖糖苷酶(NAGase)是一种重要的几丁质分解酶,能从N-乙酰葡萄糖苷的非还原端催化去除β-1,4-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖残基,参与了昆虫外骨骼的蜕皮过程。研究蜜蜂该酶的特征有助于阐明其在蜜蜂发育过程中的作用机制。【方法】采用40%-70%硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-纤维素离子交换层析和葡聚糖G-100凝胶过滤层析的方法从意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica幼虫体内分离纯化NAGase。以对-硝基苯-N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷(pNP-NAG)为底物检测该酶的活力,用native PAGE和SDS-PAGE检测酶的纯度。IEF-PAGE测定该酶等电点。葡聚糖G-200凝胶过滤层析测定酶的总分子量。【结果】结果显示,纯化的NAGase酶的比活力为803. 09 U/mg,总分子量为77. 3 kD。结合SDS-PAGE表明该酶由两个具有相同分子量(39 k D)的亚基组成。该酶等电点为4. 8。酶水解底物pNP-NAG的过程遵循米氏方程,米氏常数(Km)和最大反应速度(Vm)分别为0. 11 mmol/L和17. 65μmol/L·min。该酶水解反应的最适pH和最适温度分别为pH 5. 5和60℃。酶催化pNP-NAG反应的活化能为64. 8 k J/mol。Pb2+,Cu2+,Zn2+和Al3+对该酶有不同程度的抑制作用。【结论】本研究描述了意大利蜜蜂NAGase的分离纯化方法及其理化性质,为进一步进行蜜蜂NAGase的结构解析和功能研究奠定基础。     

极耐热性阿拉伯糖苷酶基因的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

采用PCR从海栖热袍菌(Thermotoga maritima)克隆出编码极耐热稳定性阿拉伯糖苷酶基因,以pET20b为表达质粒,与其C末端6个组氨酸标签序列融合,在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。基因表达产物通过热处理和亲和层析柱纯化后,酶纯度达电泳均一。纯化重组酶稳定性检测表明,阿拉伯糖苷酶活性最适作用温度和最适作用pH分别为90～95℃和pH 5.0～5.5,在pH 4.2～8.2之间酶活力稳定,95℃的半衰期为4h;SDSPAGE测得酶的分子量为56.57 kD,与理论推算值相吻合。在所测定的底物中,阿拉伯糖苷酶仅对对硝基苯阿拉伯呋喃糖苷（pNPAF）有专一性水解作用,其动力学参数Km值为018mmol/L, Vmax为139μmol/min·mg。     

2,5-DKG还原酶I的分离纯化与性质研究

欧文氏菌ER97高效表达了从棒状杆菌SCB3058克隆的2,5-二酮基-D-葡萄糖酸(2,5-DKG)还原酶I基因,5 L罐发酵后,收集菌体破碎,将胞内可溶性的蛋白通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱层析和Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B疏水柱层析后分离纯化到了2,5-DKG还原酶I,纯化了5倍,得率27%,比活力为3,418 U/mg。测定了该酶的一些特性参数:分子量为34 kD,等电点为6.0,它以NADPH为辅酶,将2,5-DKG还原为2-酮基-L-古龙酸(2-KLG),对NADPH和2,5-DKG底物的Km值分别是0.29mmol/L和14.7 mmol/L,1 mmol/L Cu2 、Zn2 等有强烈抑制作用,EDTA和巯基乙醇对该酶没有抑制作用,酶的最适pH为7.0,最适反应温度为40℃。     

K5裂解酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质分析

K5多糖裂解酶(Elma)能够裂解半合成肝素的底物-K5多糖,裂解产物是半合成法生产低分子量肝素的底物。利用PCR方法扩增elma,构建表达载体pET-28a-Elma,将构建好的质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21中,以0.2 mmol/L的IPTG在16℃诱导5 h实现了高效表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明Elma表达量可达菌体总蛋白的30%以上。采用Ni2+-NTA亲和层析法和G-75分子筛层析纯化目的蛋白,其纯度大于95%。通过PAGE多糖电泳发现裂解前后的K5多糖分子量有明显的减小。根据Elma裂解产物产生双键从而在232 nm处有吸光度的变化来测Elma的酶活。其最适反应温度为37℃,反应的最适pH值为7.0。底物特异性分析发现Elma除K5多糖外对肝素和透明质酸也有降解作用。     

中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质的初步研究

本研究以中华绒螯蟹内脏为材料,经过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、两次DEAE-32离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-100分子筛柱层析纯化,获得比活力为4490.79U/mg、纯化倍数为28.07倍的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯的N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶制剂。酶分子中各亚基的分子量分别为121.219、8.63和73.48 kD,等电点为4.5。以对-硝基苯-N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖为底物,进行酶催化底物水解的反应动力学研究,结果表明：酶催化底物反应的最适pH为5.5,最适温度为45℃。该酶在pH4.9—9.3区域或40℃以下处理30min,酶活力保持稳定。酶促反应动力学符合米氏双曲线方程,测得米氏常数Km为0.357 mmol/L,最大反应速度Vm为10.41μmol/L.min。酶催化pNP-β-D-GlcNAc反应的活化能为76.50kJ/mol。金属离子对酶的效应试验表明：Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋和Ba^2＋对酶活力没有影响。Na＋对酶有激活作用,Li^＋、K^＋、Zn^2＋、Hg^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Al3＋对酶活力表现出不同程度的抑制作用。     

大豆异黄酮糖苷酶的纯化及性质研究

利用Absidiasp.R菌株,通过液体发酵的方法,得到了一种高活性的大豆异黄酮糖基水解酶。该酶经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Cellocuse(DE-52)离子交换层析纯化,被纯化了11倍,收率为10.9%;经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶的分子量为53kD;该酶的最适反应温度为50℃;最适pH为5.0;温度低于60℃,pH在5.0~7.0范围内该酶较稳定,Co2 、Ca2 对该酶有激活作用;Ag 、Cu2 对该酶有抑制作用。当以染料木甙为底物时该酶的米氏常数(Km)为1.3×10-2mol/L。等电聚焦电泳测得其等电点为3.2。     

β-脱卤酶的基因克隆表达及其酶学性质

根据GenBank中的序列设计引物,克隆芽孢杆菌中的β-脱卤酶基因(命名为bhd)。以pET30a(+)为载体、Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-CondonPlus为宿主菌,实现了bhd的高效表达。使用HisTrapTMFF亲和层析柱纯化重组β-脱卤酶,分子量约为23.1 kD。酶学性质研究表明,纯化的重组β-脱卤酶水解3-氯丙酸制备3-羟基丙酸的最适反应体系为30°C,100 mmol/L,pH 7.0的磷酸钠缓冲液。在最适反应条件下,重组β-脱卤酶的比活为16.2 U/mg,Km和Vmax分别为3.26μmol/L和17.86 mmol/(min.g protein)。在最适反应条件下,以10 mmol/L 3-氯丙酸为底物,反应36 h的转化率在93%以上。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。