氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的研究（二）：不同浓度显色剂对氨基…

氨基酸显色剂是氨基酸分析的的重要试剂之一,主要成份是茚三酮、二甲亚砜、还原剂、氢氧化锂等有机试剂氨基酸显色剂（以下称显色剂）。目前这种显色剂依赖从国外进口,由于受价格、进口周期及有效期限等诸多因素的影响,使之远远不能满足国内用户的需要,为适应国内用户的需要,进一步认自制显色剂的可行性和可靠性,确定显色剂的最佳配方,本项目对自制显色剂的存放时间、不同浓度显色剂、以及显色剂光学试验等项指标进行了全面系     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的实验研究（一）茚三酮显色剂在不同存放时间内对氨基酸含量的影响

本项目采用新的技术,对茚三酮显色试剂进行了研究,利用国内新引进的６３００黄金系列氨基酸分析仪对不同存放时间内的节三酮显色剂对氨基酸含量的影响进行了实验研究。观察了第１天,第７天,第１４天,第２１天,第２８天内进口茚三酮显色剂与自制茚三酮显色剂对氨基酸含量的影响。并对３８种氨基酸与自制茚三酮试剂和进口茚三酮试剂反应后的实验结果进行了观察。实验结果表明,第１天至第２８天内,自制茚三酮试剂的稳定性、灵敏度,重度性,分辨率等项指标均优于进口的茚三酮试剂,统计结果,说明用自制的茚三酮试剂取代进口的茚三酮试剂是可靠和可行的。     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的研究（三）──自制显色剂与进口显色剂效果比较实验

目前国内引进的大多数氨基酸分析仪,所用的显色剂不但进口周期长,价格昂贵,而且长时间保存后易造成分离效果差和灵敏度下降等问题;因此,我们于一九八０年的开始对自制显色剂进行了存放时间、不同浓度等诸多因素对氨基酸含量影响进行了系统研究,取得了令人满意的结果￣［１,２］,在此基础上,我们还对自制显色剂与进口显色剂的效果进行了比较分析,分别观察了２４ｈ及１—４周内自制显色剂与进口显色剂对３８种标准氨基酸的影响,实验结果表明,自制显色剂的灵敏度显著高于进口显色剂,Ｐ＜０．０１。氨基酸总量的检测灵敏度,（２４ｈ）高于进口２０％,（第一周）提高了２７．４５％（第二周）提高了２１．３９％,（第三周）提高２１．３９％,（第四周）提高２８．１８％。     

氨基酸显色剂茚三酮试剂的研究（三）：自制显色剂与进口显色…

目前国内引直的大多数氨基酸分析仪,所用的显色剂不但进口周期长,价格昂贵,而且长时间保存后易造成分离效果差和灵敏度下降等问题;因此,我们于一九八０年的开始对自制显色剂进行了存放时间、不同浓度等诸多因素对氨基酸含量影响进行了系统研究,取得了令人满意的结果,在此基础上,我们还对自制显色剂与进口显色剂的效果进行了比较分析,分别观察了２４ｈ及１－４周内自制显色剂与进口显色剂对３８种标准氨基酸的影响,实验结果     

墨龙系列酒中氨基酸组分评价

采用岛津Ｌ_（ｃ－ｂＡ）高效液相色谱仪测定墨龙醇、麒麟玉液、猕猴桃乳酒中１３种氨基酸总量分别为５０８．２、４９１．７、２４７．４ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ,其中１２种人体必需、半必需氨基酸与１０种药效氨基酸的含量和分别占总含量的５９．７％、６５．５％、７６．２％和４３．８％、４８．１％、４７．５％。     

苦豆子游离氨基酸的成份测定

本文分析和鉴定了苦豆子中游离氨基酸的成份,测定出１６种游离氨基酸,总量为１６４．５２μｇ／１００ｍｇ,其中谷氨酸含量最高为４７．６８μｇ／１００ｍｇ,蛋氨酸含量最低为０．２０μｇ／１００ｍｇ,人体必须氨基酸有７种,占游离氨基酸总量的１７．３３％。     

体外乳酸菌素促双歧杆菌生长实验初步观察

目的 在体外观察乳酸菌素是否有促双歧杆菌生长的作用。方法 将浓度为１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１ｍｇ／ｍｌ的乳酸菌素液按三角形对等距离分别滴种在接种了双歧杆菌（１０＾６ＣＦ／ｍｌ）的ＢＨＩ培养基上,然后置３５℃厌氧箱培养２ｄ后观察细菌生长情况。结果 不同浓度的乳酸菌素液促进双歧杆菌生长能力不同。浓度为１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１ｍｇ／ｍｌ的乳酸菌素液促双歧杆菌生长的阳性率（％）分别为：９６．７、５６．７、１．０。经统计学秩和检验方法将３种浓度乳酸菌素液促双歧杆菌生长作用进行两两比较得知：１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ与１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ与１ｍｇ／ｍｌ之间Ｐ〈０．０１,１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ与１ｍｇ／ｍｌ比较Ｐ〈０．０５。结论 乳酸菌素有促进益生菌－－双歧杆生长的作用,而且与其浓度高低有极密切关系,高浓度的     

三线闭壳龟肌肉氨基酸分析

应用美国ＢＥＣＫＭＡＮ １２１ ＭＢ型全自动氨基酸分析仪对三线闭壳龟肌肉中的氨基酸种类及含量进行了分析。三线闭壳龟肌肉中能检出的氨基酸有１７种,每种氨基酸的含量如下：天门冬氨酸６９０５ｍｇ／１００ｇ,苏氨酸３２４０ｍｇ／１００ｇ,丝氨酸２９２９ｍｇ／１００ｇ,谷氨酸１２７４０ｍｇ／１００ｇ,脯酸２６８５ｇｍ／１００ｇ,甘氨酸２９５３ｍｇ／１００ｇ,丙氨酸３４８３ｍｇ／１００ｇ,酪氨酸２９１０ｍｇ／     

抗生素对谷子外植体的影响

通过抗生素潮耆素（Ｈｍ）和卡拉霉素（Ｋｍ）进行谷子外植体抗体性浓度的筛选,结果说明,不同外植体抗性浓度不同,谷子愈伤分化再生苗阶段,潮霉素与卡拉霉素的选浓度范围为５ｍｇ／Ｌ－１０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１５ｍｇ／ｌ－２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,米粒长苗时其浓度为１５ｍｇ／Ｌ、３０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

镧提高水稻种子活力的生理生化基础研究

用５～２５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的Ｌａ（ＮＯ３）３溶液处理萌发期间的水稻种子,表明能加快种子的萌发,提高种子活力。其中以２０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度处理效果最好,其次为１５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的处理。Ｌａ促进种子萌发的原因是由于萌发种子的呼吸速率加快,淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶等水解酶的活性明显增加。植物内源激素ＩＡＡ、ＧＡｓ,ＣＴＫ含量明显增加,其中以ＧＡｓ的增加最为显著,ＡＢＡ含量变化不其明显,当用３０～３５ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｌａ（Ｎ     

利用毛发水解提取胱氨酸后的废液研制氨基酸复合肥料

利用胱氨酸废液中游离氨基酸为主要成份研制氨基酸肥料,既解决了废液排放问题,又开辟了新的肥料来源。本文详尽叙述这一研制的工艺原则流程,强调添加剂在这一流程中的作用,并对氨基酸肥料的肥效进行了试验研究。     

Production of feather hydrolysate by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elizabethkingia meningoseptica</Emphasis> KB042 (MTCC 8360) in submerged fermentation

A keratinolytic bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica KB042 was isolated from dropped off feathers. The bacterium showed 82.50 ± 0.3% feather degradation when grown on medium containing 10 g/l chicken feathers with initial pH 7.0 at 37°C, 150 rpm in 6 days. The pH of the medium was increased up to 10.02 ± 0.10 during 6 days of incubation. Soluble protein and amino acids concentration in the culture fluid was also found increased until the end of incubation. During the cultivation of strain KB042 on feather as sole source of carbon and nitrogen, the maximum cysteine release was noted on the 3rd day. Varying feather concentration 1.0–2.0% in basal medium resulted in soluble protein release between 1814.42 and 1954.61 μg/ml. The amino acid concentration was found to be maximum, i.e. 937.85 ± 11.9 μg/ml in the cultures grown with 2% feather. The hydrolysate was also found rich in essential amino acids valine, tryptophan, threonine, leucine and cysteine and contains minor amount of methionine and arginine. These data indicate a potential biotechnology for biotransformation and utilization of feather keratin as a source of protein which can be used as animal feed after successful animal trials.     

猪血蛋白的酶水解及氨基酸含量

以AS1.398中性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶对猪血蛋白进行水解,AS1.398中性蛋白酶对猪血蛋白的水解能力最强。采用活性炭对酶水解液进行脱色。脱色后的酶水解液中含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的39.18%。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌3-2发酵羽毛产氨基酸

【目的】建立废弃羽毛液体发酵工艺,优化发酵条件,提高羽毛降解率及氨基酸产量,研发新型、高效复合氨基酸肥料。【方法】利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌3-2发酵羽毛,探究温度、发酵时间、羽毛含量、单一碳源、复合碳氮源、金属离子等对废弃羽毛降解效果以及发酵液中氨基酸种类和含量的影响。【结果】废弃羽毛降解率与氨基酸总产量呈负相关。随着发酵时间延长,羽毛降解率增加,当发酵温度为37°C、羽毛添加量为1%、以乳糖为外加碳源、添加Mg2+时,羽毛降解率最高,达到81.92%。随着羽毛添加量增加,氨基酸总含量也增加(在20%范围以内),当发酵温度为37°C、降解时间为108 h、羽毛添加量为10%、乳糖添加量为0.5%、不添加复合碳氮源、不添加金属离子时,氨基酸的种类最全(富含17种氨基酸),总含量最高,达到20.861 g/kg。【结论】利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌3-2发酵废弃羽毛生产氨基酸复合肥料是一种可靠、环保、经济的方法,获得的氨基酸肥料营养齐全。研究结果为新型复合氨基酸肥料的研发提供技术支撑。     

Surface Display of a Bifunctional Glutathione Synthetase on Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Converting Chicken Feather Hydrolysate into Glutathione

The low economic profits of feather recycling lead that the large amount of feathers is currently discarded in China. To convert feather hydrolysates into GSH with high values, surface display of the bifunctional glutathione synthetase encoded by gcsgs from Streptococcus thermophilus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the potential in glutathione (GSH) production from feather hydrolysates were studied. The surface-displayed GCSGS could be used to convert feather hydrolysates into GSH. Results showed that 10 g/l of feather was converted into 321.8 mg/l GSH by the Trichoderma atroviride F6 and surface-displayed GCSGS in the study. Compared with production of intracellular GSH by S. cerevisiae from amino acids or feather hydrolysate, the concentration of GSH in the study was higher, and purification of GSH was more feasible. Due to the glycolytic pathway, the S. cerevisiae was used to generate ATP and cheap feather hydrolysate as precursors, the process for GSH production based on surface-displayed GCSGS is cheap and feasible. The process showed the potential to convert feather hydrolysates into GSH on an industrial scale.     

Microbial products trigger amino acid exudation from plant roots

Plants naturally cycle amino acids across root cell plasma membranes, and any net efflux is termed exudation. The dominant ecological view is that microorganisms and roots passively compete for amino acids in the soil solution, yet the innate capacity of roots to recover amino acids present in ecologically relevant concentrations is unknown. We find that, in the absence of culturable microorganisms, the influx rates of 16 amino acids (each supplied at 2.5 microm) exceed efflux rates by 5% to 545% in roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Medicago truncatula, maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Several microbial products, which are produced by common soil microorganisms such as Pseudomonas bacteria and Fusarium fungi, significantly enhanced the net efflux (i.e. exudation) of amino acids from roots of these four plant species. In alfalfa, treating roots with 200 microm phenazine, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, or zearalenone increased total net efflux of 16 amino acids 200% to 2,600% in 3 h. Data from (15)N tests suggest that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol blocks amino acid uptake, whereas zearalenone enhances efflux. Thus, amino acid exudation under normal conditions is a phenomenon that probably reflects both active manipulation and passive uptake by microorganisms, as well as diffusion and adsorption to soil, all of which help overcome the innate capacity of plant roots to reabsorb amino acids. The importance of identifying potential enhancers of root exudation lies in understanding that such compounds may represent regulatory linkages between the larger soil food web and the internal carbon metabolism of the plant.     

A biotechnological process for treatment and recycling poultry feathers as a feed ingredient

A strain of Kocuria rosea with keratinolytic capacity was cultured aerobically on submerged feathers to obtain a fermented feather meal (FFM). This FFM enriched with cells of K. rosea mainly contains crude protein (71%). The pepsin digestibility of the fermented product (88%) was similar to the value of the commercial feather meal and more than 70% greater that untreated feathers. The bacterial biomass improved the content of amino acids lysine (3.46%), histidine (0.94%) and methionine (0.69%). Additionally, the amino acid availability tested by in vivo assay was greater than commercial feather meal. The microbial cells also supplied carotenoid pigments to FFM (68 ppm). These results suggest that feather meal enriched with K. rosea may be useful in animal feeding as protein and pigment source.     

Performance of bacterial strains used for distillery waste treatment on different substrates

Six bacterial strains were isolated and acclimatized on distillery waste. The performance of these bacterial strains in respect to growth, reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) values, carbon dioxide production and volatile acid production were studied on five different substrates. Glucose and xylose exhibited growth patterns similar to that on spentwash. Glucose, xylose, casein hydrolysate and amino acids led to very good reduction in COD values compared with glycerol. Rate of substrate consumption was maximum in the case of glucose followed by amino acids, casein hydrolysate, xylose and glycerol. Production of volatile acids and carbon dioxide from glucose amounted to ≈ 50% of the theoretical yield based on glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Production of carbon dioxide followed the usual microbiological growth pattern while volatile acids did not show any such pattern. Carbon dioxide and volatile acids appear to be the major degradation products in distillery waste treatment by these bacteria.     

脑蛋白粉的制备及其酶解方法的研究

研究了以鲜猪脑制备蛋白粉并进行酶水解的方法 ;脑蛋白粉质量、不同酶和加酶方法对水解结果的影响 ;分析了水解液中游离氨基酸和低分子肽谱 ,并与国内外类似研究进行了比较。结果表明 :丙酮、乙醚沉淀制得的脑蛋白粉含氮 9.0 %～ 1 1 .5% ,脂肪 2 .5%～ 4 .0 % ,适于酶解 ;水解液含有 1 6种游离氨基酸 ,总量达 3 2 .4 4mg/ml和 4个分子量小于 1万的肽。提出精制脑蛋白粉进行水解、减压浓缩、超滤是提高水解液有效成分的技术措施。     

微生物蛋白酶水解液的脱色条件实验研究

通过实验比较了不同吸附剂的脱色效果及其在脱色过程中引起的氨基酸损失率,选择活性炭作为微生物菌体蛋白质水解溶液脱色的吸附剂。对影响其脱色效果的几个主要因素进行研究,并通过正交实验分析优化后得到脱色条件为:吸附剂用量1.5 g(每50 mL蛋白提取液),脱色温度55℃,pH值5和脱色时间1 h。