微纤维止血胶原在内镜下腺样体吸切术中的应用

目的:探讨微纤维止血胶原(Avitene)在内镜下腺样体吸切术创面止血的临床效果。方法:将58例行内镜下腺样体吸切术的患者随机分为三组,A组23例(盐酸赛洛唑啉纱条压迫+Avitene涂抹),B组19例(盐酸赛洛唑啉纱条压迫+电凝止血),C组16例(仅以盐酸赛洛唑啉纱条压迫止血)。比较三组患者的手术时间、止血时间、出血程度、止血难度、术后疼痛、进食恢复时间及术后并发症等指标。结果:三组出血程度比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。A组手术时间、止血时间、止血难度均低于B组、C组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组术后疼痛、进食恢复时间低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),与C组比较无统计学差异。三组均未出现术后出血、感染、误吸等并发症。结论:微纤维止血胶原用于内镜下腺样体吸切术创面止血,具有快速方便、安全有效的特点。     

鼻内镜下电凝结合微填塞治疗难治性鼻出血

目的：探讨鼻内镜下电凝止血结合明胶海绵微填塞治疗难治性鼻出血的临床特征和疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2011 年1 月至2015 年1 月收治的203 例难治性鼻出血患者的临床资料,探讨发病季节、发病年龄、出血部位以及发病年龄与出血部位的 相关性。结果：203 例患者经鼻内镜下电凝止血结合明胶海绵微填塞治疗,全部治愈,其发病特征具有明显的季节性,40~60 岁多 见（41.9%）,下鼻道出血最常见（30.0%）,老年人以鼻腔后下部位出血为主,青中年以鼻腔前上部位出血为主。结论：鼻内镜下电凝 结合微填塞治疗难治性鼻出血微创、安全、有效,值得推广。     

Reconstruction of the concha of the ear using a postauricular island flap

An effective method of reconstruction of the auricular conchal cavity using a postauricular island flap containing the postauricular blood vessels is described. In this procedure, the island flap is brought in to cover the defect of the conchal cavity through a tunnel between the defect and the retroauricle. Sound anatomic and mechanical principles are introduced in this technique. Two patients underwent the operation, and good results were obtained.     

槐角黄酮栓抗炎、止血、抗溃疡作用的实验研究

目的:研究槐角黄酮栓的抗炎、止血、抗溃疡作用。方法:从中药槐角中提取总黄酮,与脂肪酸甘油酯混合后用热融法制成栓剂。采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法、滤纸肉芽肿法、腹腔毛细血管通透性试验和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀法观察槐角黄酮栓的抗炎作用;通过玻璃毛细管法和断尾法测定小鼠出、凝血时间,评价槐角黄酮栓的止血效果。复制大鼠直肠损伤模型,直肠给药治疗,观察伤口愈合情况并HE染色,评价槐角黄酮栓的促愈合作用。结果:槐角黄酮栓具有明显的抗炎、抗溃疡作用,并能缩短小鼠出、凝血时间,提高直肠创面愈合率。结论:槐角黄酮栓制备工艺简单,具有较好的抗炎、止血、抗溃疡作用。     

Long-term subarachnoid catheter placement in the middle cranial fossa of the rat

Research using rats sometimes requires long-term placement of catheters in the subarachnoid space, the cavity between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater in the brain. These catheters can be used to experimentally induce subarachnoid bleeding by injecting blood or to locally administer drugs or other substances. To date, published techniques for penetrating the subarachnoid space of small experimental animals require the use of inflexible or relatively inflexible catheters. These catheters typically consist of metal or stiff plastic and are used to access the occipital or frontal cranial cavity or to directly access the cisterna magna via the atlantooccipital membrane. However, inflexible catheters are not ideal for long-term placement in the subarachnoid space. In this paper, the authors describe a reliable procedure for long-term catheterization of the subarachnoid cavity of the rat. For this method, personnel insert the catheter and keep it in place in the rat's middle cranial cavity, in the vicinity of the cerebral arterial circle. This new approach allows personnel to repeatedly use the catheter for a period of at least 2 weeks. The catheter, which is well-tolerated by rats, can be used for administering saline solutions and for injecting blood that has not been treated with heparin into the subarachnoid space.     

Evaluation of second osmotic virial coefficients from molecular simulation following scaled-particle theory

ABSTRACT

We report a scaled particle theory-based method for evaluation of second osmotic virial coefficients from molecular simulations of dilute species in solution. In this method, we evaluate the work associated with growing a cavity in solution that is perfectly permeable to the solvent but is completely impermeable to the solutes, thereby establishing an osmotic stress between the cavity interior and exterior. Extrapolating our results to determine the solute concentration in contact with a cavity with an infinite radius, we are able to evaluate the solute osmotic pressure and second osmotic virial coefficient. A finite size correction is introduced to account for the impact of effectively concentrating the solutes in the periphery of the simulation box with increasing cavity size. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed method by evaluating second osmotic virial coefficients for methane in water as a function of temperature. The approach proposed here provides a physically transparent route for calculation of second osmotic virial coefficients by direct interrogation of simulation configurations without having to explicitly evaluate the long-range integral over solute-solute correlations required following McMillan-Mayer theory.     

Fetal blood sampling through ultrasound-guided puncture of the umbilical vein in rhesus monkeys

Fetal blood was obtained through puncture of the umbilical vein in Rhesus monkeys. The puncture needle was introduced during direct visual control through ultrasound. This method offers a possibility to obtain fetal blood without opening the uterine cavity. Injection into the fetal circulation is also possible.     

The Application of Autoradiography to Developmental Studies in the Hydrozoa

The uptake of isotopically labelled nucleotides and amino acidshas been studied in five species of hydrozoans. In three speciesthe label was introduced both through immersion in a mediumcontaining the labeled compound and by injecting the labeledcompound into the gastrovascular cavity. In the remaining twospecies the label was introduced by immersion only. The comparisonof soaked and injected specimens clearly indicates that injectionis the method of choice whenever the injection of compoundsinto the gastrovascular cavity is possible. The relative easewith which labeled compounds were absorbed can be correlatedwith the ultrastructure of the epidermal and gastrodermal cellsurfaces and their associated extracellular coats. The use ofthese autoradiographic techniques is illustrated by the useof injected tritiated thymidine and tritiated uiidine to followthe replacement cycle of the zymogenic secretory cell in Hydra,and the use of immersion to introduce tritiated thymidine intothe planula larva of Pennaria.     

Resonant Mode Analysis of the Nanoscale Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide Filter with Rectangle Cavity

The resonant mode characteristics of the nanoscale surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) waveguide filter with rectangle cavity are studied theoretically. By using the finite difference time domain method, both the band-stop- and band-pass-type rectangle SPP filters are analyzed. The results show that the whispering gallery mode (WGM) and the Fabry–Perot (FP) mode can be supported by the rectangle SPP resonator. Furthermore, both traveling-wave mode and standing-wave mode can be realized by the WGM, while only standing-wave mode can be introduced by the FP mode. The traveling-wave mode can only be realized by the square-shaped SPP resonator, and the traveling-wave mode is splitted into two standing-wave modes by transforming the cavity shape from square to rectangle. Also, the effects of the cavity shape, cavity size, and coupling gap size on the transmission spectra of the SPP resonators are analyzed in detail. This simple SPP waveguide filter is very promising for the high-density SPP waveguide integrations.     

Correction of extracapsular temporomandibular joint ankylosis with a cervical subcutaneous pedicle flap

A new method of correcting extracapsular temporomandibular joint ankylosis with a cervical subcutaneous pedicle flap is described. In this procedure, a cervical subcutaneous pedicle flap with or without platysma is introduced into the oral cavity through a tunnel to repair the defect after the buccal scar is excised and the normal oral opening is restored. Sixteen consecutive patients underwent the surgery, and good results were obtained.     

宫腔镜联合B 超诊断异常子宫出血124 例临床分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜联合B超在诊治异常子宫出血的临床价值。方法:对124例异常子宫出血的病例进行回顾性分析,所有患者作B超及宫腔镜检查,宫腔内切除物或刮出物均送病理检查。结果:124例患者经病理检查确诊为子宫内膜息肉84例(67.7%),合并宫颈息肉10例;子宫内膜增生症16例(12.9%),其中单纯性增生12例,复杂性增生4例;子宫内膜不典型增生1例(0.8%);子宫粘膜下肌瘤12例(9.7%);子宫内膜样腺癌6例(4.8%);子宫内膜炎3例(2.4%);胚物残留2例(1.6%)。结论:宫腔镜联合B超检查是诊断异常子宫出血最好的方法。     

巴中地区上消化道出血反复发作相关性因素分析

目的：了解巴中地区上消化道出血反复发作的原因,为治疗提供临床循证医学证据。方法：通过对2011年4月~2012年11月巴中地区1134例上消化道出血中132例反复发作的患者进行调查统计,分析这上消化道出血反复发作的132例患者的年龄、生理特征、生活饮食习惯、精神状态、生活压力等多种相关因素。结果：发现饮食不当、精神紧张、腹腔感染、腹腔内压增高、输液输血过速、过量等是造成病情反复发作的主要诱因。结论：通过消除疾病的诱发因素,认真做好健康教育指导,积极治疗原发病是预防反复发作的有效措施。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇与利凡诺在终止妊娠中的应用比较

目的:比较米非司酮配伍米索前列醇与利凡诺在终止妊娠中临床效果与安全性。方法:选取自愿终止妊娠者86例,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组各43例。观察组使用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇;对照组予以利凡诺行羊膜腔内穿刺注射。观察两组的引产过程、引产效果及可能出现的副作用。结果:观察组用药后宫缩发动时间、产程均短于对照组(P<0.01);观察组与对照组引产成功率分别为93.02%、86.05%,无统计学差异(P>0.05);但观察组24h内引产成功率显著高于对照组,而对照组24~48 h、48 h后引产成功率显著高于观察组(P<0.01)。观察组胎膜残留、产后2h内出血量、药物热、胃肠道反应、腹痛的发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:米非司酮联合米索前列醇终止中期妊娠具有方法简单、宫缩发动快、产程短、损伤小、出血少等优点,优于利凡诺羊膜腔内穿刺注射。     

Aspiration cytology from the pouch of Douglas at hysteroscopy

Eighty-seven fine needle aspiration cytological samples from 29 patients suffering from irregular perimenopausal uterine bleeding were evaluated. Aspiration cytology was performed prior to hysteroscopy, after distension of the uterine cavity and finally after uterine curettage. In this paper, cytological examination of fluid from the pelvic content in women with benign endometrial findings is compared with that of patients with adenocarcinoma. Endometrial curettage influenced the cell content of the cytologica specimens.     

B超引导下子宫内膜消融术治疗更年期功血51例临床分析

目的：探讨在B超引导下子宫内膜消融术治疗更年期功血的效果。方法：扩张宫颈至6．5号,吸宫,在B超监视下由子宫右前壁始向外刮凝,依次顺时针方向刮凝宫腔2周。结果：治愈31例（60．8％）,有效19例（37．3％）,好转1例（1．9％）,无效0例。结论：电凝刀子宫内膜消融术与其他更年期功血治疗方法相比,消融的范围及深度由B超监视,安全性高,创伤小,不开刀,恢复快,并且治愈率高,更容易在临床上推广。     

Benefits of the CO2 laser in oral hemangioma excision

Twenty-one patients with small localized oral cavity hemangiomas of the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa are reported in this series. Although the lesions were not massive or high-flow/high-pressure vascular tumors, the simultaneous cutting and coagulation capabilities of the CO2 laser were demonstrated, rendering such excisional surgery more precisely and easily accomplished with a great deal less bleeding and a marked reduction in postoperative pain and edema. Many of the patients in this series were done as outpatients under local anesthesia. Results were acceptable and complications were minimal. Thus this laser is recommended both for the patient care and comfort aspects and the ability to render oral cavity hemangioma excisional surgery much more safely and easily done with a significant decrease in hospital utilization and overall medical expenses.     

The Association of Gum Bleeding with Respiratory Health in a Population Based Study from Northern Europe

Background

There is little knowledge about how oral and respiratory health is interrelated even though the mucosa of the oral cavity and airways constitutes a continuum and the exposures to these are partly similar.

Aims

To investigate whether gum bleeding is related to asthma, respiratory symptoms and self-reported COPD.

Methods

A postal questionnaire including questions about respiratory and oral health was sent to general population samples in seven Northern European centres. In 13,409 responders, gum bleeding when brushing teeth was reported always/often by 4% and sometimes by 20%. Logistic regressions accounted for age, smoking, educational level, centre and gender. Effects of BMI, cardio-metabolic diseases, early life factors, gastro-oesophageal reflux, dental hygiene, nasal congestion, and asthma medication were addressed.

Results

Gum bleeding always/often was significantly associated with ≥3 asthma symptoms (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.10–3.18), asthma (1.62 [1.23–2.14]) and self-reported COPD (2.02 [1.28–3.18]). There was a dose-response relationship between respiratory outcomes and gum bleeding frequency (≥3 symptoms: gum bleeding sometimes 1.42 [1.25–1.60], often/always 2.58 [2.10–3.18]), and there was no heterogeneity between centres (p_{heterogeneity} = 0.49). None of the investigated risk factors explained the associations. The observed associations were significantly stronger among current smokers (p_interaction = 0.004).

Conclusions

A consistent link between gum bleeding and obstructive airways disease was observed, not explained by common risk factors or metabolic factors. We speculate that oral pathogens might have unfavourable impact on the airways, and that the direct continuity of the mucosa of the oral cavity and the airways reflects a pathway that might provide novel opportunities for interventions.     

New approaches for isolation of previously uncultivated oral bacteria

A significant number of microorganisms from the human oral cavity remain uncultivated. This is a major impediment to the study of human health since some of the uncultivated species may be involved in a variety of systemic diseases. We used a range of innovations previously developed to cultivate microorganisms from the human oral cavity, focusing on anaerobic species. These innovations include (i) in vivo cultivation to specifically enrich for species actively growing in the oral cavity (the "minitrap" method), (ii) single-cell long-term cultivation to minimize the effect of fast-growing microorganisms, and (iii) modifications of conventional enrichment techniques, using media that did not contain sugar, including glucose. To enable cultivation of obligate anaerobes, we maintained strict anaerobic conditions in most of our cultivation experiments. We report that, on a per cell basis, the most successful recovery was achieved using minitrap enrichment (11%), followed by single-cell cultivation (3%) and conventional plating (1%). Taxonomically, the richest collection was obtained using the single-cell cultivation method, followed by minitrap and conventional enrichment, comprising representatives of 13, 9, and 4 genera, respectively. Interestingly, no single species was isolated by all three methods, indicating method complementarity. An important result is the isolation and maintenance in pure culture of 10 strains previously only known by their molecular signatures, as well as representatives of what are likely to be three new microbial genera. We conclude that the ensemble of new methods we introduced will likely help close the gap between cultivated and uncultivated species from the human oral cavity.     

宫腔镜联合B超诊断异常子宫出血124例临床分析

目的：探讨宫腔镜联合B超在诊治异常子宫出血的临床价值。方法：对124例异常子宫出血的病例进行回顾性分析,所有患者作B超及宫腔镜检查,宫腔内切除物或刮出物均送病理检查。结果：124例患者经病理检查确诊为子宫内膜息肉84例（67．7％）,合并宫颈息肉10例;子宫内膜增生症16例（12．9％）,其中单纯性增生12例,复杂性增生4例;子宫内膜不典型增生1例（0．8％）;子宫粘膜下肌瘤12例（9．7％）;子宫内膜样腺癌6例（4．8％）;子宫内膜炎3例（2．4％）;胚物残留2例（1．6％）。结论：宫腔镜联合B超检查是诊断异常子宫出血最好的方法.     

The artificial fecundation in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) by induced ovulation and artificial insemination in nonmating season]

Induced ovulation trials by PMSG-hCG administration were conducted in eleven female Japanese monkeys showing neither bleeding nor ovulation in nonmating season. The ovulation was confirmed by the laparoscopic observation in nine of the 11 females. Artificial inseminations were performed in these 9 females by the injection of semen collected by the penile electrode approach. The semen was injected into the uterine cervix in 6 females or the uterine cavity in 3 females. A gestational sac was confirmed on the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus 19 days after ovulation in one of the 3 females inseminated into the uterine cavity. The pregnancy, however, could not be maintained.