盐生盐杆菌DNA 片段RM07的-35、-10区缺失分析

RM07DNA片段分离自嗜盐古菌——盐生盐杆菌R1,该片段不仅在嗜盐古菌内具有启动子功能,而且在大肠杆菌中也具有启动子活性。序列分析表明其上确实含有细菌启动子的-35、-10保守区。进一步通过缺失分析证实该片段就是在大肠杆菌中具启动功能的DNA片段：仅含-10区而缺失-35区的RM07a片段基本上无启动活性;而含-35和-10区的0．1kb片段RM07b具有高于RM07的启动活性。研究结果还表明,RM07片段在大肠杆菌中的启动活性是受环境因素调节的,尤其是对氯化钠浓度的提高具有明显的相关性。因此RM07片段有可能成为构建双功能表达载体的新启动子资源,同时对进一步揭示古菌的融合特征及水平基因转移具有特殊意义。     

盐生盐杆菌DNA片段RM07的-35、-10区缺失分析*

RM0 7DNA片段分离自嗜盐古菌———盐生盐杆菌R1 ,该片段不仅在嗜盐古菌内具有启动子功能 ,而且在大肠杆菌中也具有启动子活性。序列分析表明其上确实含有细菌启动子的 35、 1 0保守区。进一步通过缺失分析证实该片段就是在大肠杆菌中具启动功能的DNA片段 :仅含 1 0区而缺失 35区的RM0 7a片段基本上无启动活性 ;而含 35和 1 0区的0 1kb片段RM0 7b具有高于RM0 7的启动活性。研究结果还表明 ,RM0 7片段在大肠杆菌中的启动活性是受环境因素调节的 ,尤其是对氯化钠浓度的提高具     

盐生盐杆菌RM07 DNA片段在大肠杆菌中的定点诱变和启动子功能分析

将来源于嗜盐古生菌——盐生盐杆菌(Halobacterium halobium)基因组的RM07 DNA片段以正反两个方向分别插入大肠杆菌启动子探针载体pKK232-8携带的报告基因——氯霉素抗性基因(cat)的上游,得到RM07-cat融合的质粒pRM07-1( )和pRM07-1(-),将其分别转入大肠杆菌HB101,进而检测了不同转化子菌株的氯霉素抗性水平和细胞内氯霉素乙酰转移酶蛋白质浓度。结果表明：正向的RM07片段在真细菌(大肠杆菌)中具有启动子活性,能够驱动cat报告基因的表达;而反向的RM07片段在大肠杆菌中不具有启动子活性。对RM07片段进行了定点诱变分析,检测了特定核苷酸突变对启动子活性的影响,结果进一步精确定位了RM07片段中对在大肠杆菌中的启动子功能有重要作用的关键碱基,并且通过改造RM07片段的碱基组成成分大幅提高了其在大肠杆菌中的启动子活性。     

双启动子对重组溶源性枯草杆菌中外源蛋白表达的增强作用

探讨了双启动子对基于溶源性噬菌体构建的重组枯草杆菌中外源蛋白表达的影响。分别将不含或含有本身启动子的α-淀粉酶基因(来源于Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和青霉素酰化酶基因(来源于Bacillus megaterium)克隆到溶源性枯草杆菌中,得到重组菌B.subtilisAMY1,B.subtilisAMY2,B.subtilisPA1以及B.subtilisPA2。由于同源重组,所克隆的片段整合到溶源性枯草杆菌中的噬菌体基因组上,并处于噬菌体强启动子的下游。在重组菌AMY1和PA1中,在热诱导的情况下外源基因的转录只受到噬菌体启动子的作用,而在重组菌AMY2和PA2中,在热诱导下外源基因的转录同时受到噬菌体启动子和基因本身所带启动子的作用。双启动子的应用使重组α-淀粉酶的表达量提高了133%,使重组青霉素酰化酶的表达量提高了113%。     

一种基于线性DNA片段同源重组的嗜盐古菌高效基因敲除系统

随着功能基因组学研究的深入发展,基因敲除技术日益成为基因功能研究的重要手段。嗜盐古菌Haloferax volcanii易于培养,是研究古菌基因功能的良好模式菌株。虽然现已开发了多种嗜盐古菌的遗传操作系统,但基因敲除成功率不十分理想。这些遗传操作方法基于pyrE筛选标记,利用携带同源片段的环状质粒与基因组同源片段间的两次同源重组,敲除目的基因。由于基于环状质粒和pyrE筛选标记的经典同源重组敲除方法在二次重组时,普遍存在回复到野生型菌株的可能,导致二次重组子中敲除目的基因的阳性菌株比例较低。为了克服传统同源重组技术的上述缺陷,文章建立了基于线性DNA片段的同源重组技术。该方法通过一次重组在目标基因的下游引入一段上游同源片段和pyrE标记,从而限定二次重组的发生部位只能在两段上游同源片段之间,发生二次重组的重组子理论上都敲除了目标基因。利用该方法,文章成功敲除了嗜盐古菌Haloferax volcanii的xpd2基因,阳性克隆率达65%。这种线性DNA片段重组法为嗜盐古菌的基因敲除提供了一种高效策略,便于嗜盐古菌的基因改造。     

苹果α-法尼烯合酶基因的启动子序列及同源基因

本文通过设计引物进行PCR扩增α-法尼烯合酶(AFS)基因的5'端区段并测序,获得510bp的‘国光’苹果AFS基因启动子和5'端非翻译区(5'UTR)序列,已在GenBank注册(登录号FJ263961)。序列分析结果表明,该序列具有典型的启动子特征,在转录起始点上游-46bp处有一个TATA盒,-93bp处有一个CAAT盒,-84bp处有一个W盒和-436bp处有一个热胁迫反应顺式作用元件GAAATTTTTT。与‘皇家嘎拉’苹果的AFS基因启动子序列(GenBank登录号AY786553.1)比对,本研究发现‘国光’苹果AFS基因启动子序列中有6个碱基(-186T,-207T,-283C,-301A,-413A和-433A)发生变异,‘皇家嘎拉’苹果AFS基因启动子序列相应位置的碱基分别为碱基缺失、-206C、-282G、-300G、-412G和-432G。重要的是,其中‘国光’苹果-413A碱基变异为G发生在一个热胁迫反应顺式作用元件GAAATTTTTT中,苹果虎皮病发生和AFS基因的转录表达是否受到这一碱基变异的影响值得进一步探讨。本研究结果还表明,在苹果AFS基因启动子和5'UTR序列中存在一个正向重复序列1(R9+IR18+R9),重复单元R9长度9bp,转录起始点位于其长度18bp的IR18区段。有趣的是,本研究新发现了一个与AFS基因启动子和5'UTR序列高度同源的450bp基因片段(GenBank注册登录号FJ469631),该同源片段缺失AFS基因中的27bp序列(R9+IR18,包含转录起始点)。据我们所知,这是果树中存在AFS基因启动子同源序列的首次报道。     

菊花CmDFR与CmANS基因启动子序列克隆与瞬时表达分析

DFR和ANS是花青素合成途径下游两个关键的结构基因,其不仅决定花青素苷最终结构及其呈色,还在花器官中特异性表达,研究其启动子区域对花色改良的分子育种具有重要参考价值.利用接头染色体步移法( genome walking),从菊花的叶片基因组DNA中克隆到了2个DFR基因同源序列CmDFR的启动子片段,1个ANS基因同源序列CmANS的启动子片段.生物信息学软件分析结果显示,这3个启动子片段除了含有多个TATA-box、CAAT-box等基本的启动子元件,还含有很多与MYB转录因子相结合的元件,以及G-box等参与光响应的顺式作用元件.利用双酶切方法,将克隆到的启动子片段替换栽体pB1121上的35S启动子,将新构建的植物表达栽体转入农杆菌中,采用叶盘法侵染菊花叶片和花瓣进行瞬时表达研究.结果表明,这3个启动子片段均具有驱动下游报告基因表达的功能.因此,可以开发成菊花分子育种的有效基因构件.     

嗜盐古菌启动子的研究及应用

嗜盐古菌是古菌域的一个重要代表类群,在遗传与代谢、进化与适应、前沿生物技术及合成生物学领域都显示了其重要的研究价值。嗜盐古菌启动子的认识和利用,可以为嗜盐古菌的基础和应用研究提供必要的条件。本文从古菌启动子的结构与功能出发,就启动子的研究方法、嗜盐古菌启动子的特征及嗜盐古菌启动子的应用3个方面综述了嗜盐古菌启动子的研究现状,并对嗜盐古菌启动子未来研究的重点和方向进行了展望。     

嗜碱性芽孢杆菌启动子的克隆及某些因子对表达的影响

从土壤中分离到一株嗜碱性芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp. No．2),并初步分析了该菌的基本特性。以抗性基因启动子缺失质粒pG^_6为载体,从该菌的染色体DNA中,克隆了带有启动子的一些片段,并引入大肠杆菌得到表达。其中某些启动子的表达受到某些环境因子(如pH Nacl)的调控。     

嗜碱芽孢杆菌PB92碱性蛋白酶基因启动子的克隆及应用

摘要: 利用TAIL-PCR方法从嗜碱芽孢杆菌PB92基因组中扩增出碱性蛋白酶基因上游启动子活性片段, 测序分析后登录GenBank(EU130686)。此序列具有多个启动子特征区域, 且在－538~－370 bp和－275~－128 bp两个区域存在反向读码框。对启动子片段进行功能缺失的分析结果表明, TSS上游105 bp片段具有明显启动子活性, 但以长为414 bp~619 bp时活性更为显著。此外, 对PB92碱性蛋白酶的信号肽分析结果表明, 此信号肽具有典型分泌型(Sec-type)信号肽结构。将PB92碱性蛋白酶基因启动子和信号肽序列克隆入pBE2, 构建成表达载体pBEAC, 并以其为载体实现了植物甜蛋白monellin基因在枯草芽孢杆菌1A751中的高效表达。     

The nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the 16S rRNA from the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium

The complete 1473-bp sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium has been determined. Alignment with the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene from the archaebacteria Halobacterium volcanii and Halococcus morrhua reveals similar degrees of homology, about 88%. Differences in the primary structures of H. halobium and eubacterial (Escherichia coli) 16S rRNA or eukaryotic (Dictyostelium discoideum) 18S rRNA are much higher, corresponding to 63% and 56% homology, respectively. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the H. halobium 16S rRNA with those of its archaebacterial counterparts generally confirms a secondary structure model of the RNA contained in the small subunit of the archaebacterial ribosome.     

Molecular cloning of the cytochrome aa3 gene from the archaeon (Archaebacterium) Halobacterium halobium.

A novel aa3-type cytochrome oxidase from the extremely halophilic archaeon, Halobacterium halobium, differs significantly from those of other prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytochrome oxidases (Fujiwara, T., Fukumori, Y., and Yamanaka, T. (1989) J. Biochem. 105, 287-292). In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the gene which encodes the cytochrome aa3 by using the polymerase chain reaction methods. The deduced amino acid sequence of subunit I of H. halobium cytochrome aa3 was more similar to that of subunit I of the eukaryotic cytochrome (44%, maize mitochondria) than that of the cytochrome from other bacteria (36%, Paracoccus denitrificans). The consensus sequence in putative metal binding residues is well-conserved also in H. halobium cytochrome aa3.     

Characterization of plasmids in halobacteria.

Extrachromosomal, covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid has been isolated from different species of halobacteria. Three strains of Halobacterium halobium and one of Halobacterium cutirubrum, all of which synthesize purple membrane (Pum+) and bacterioruberin (Rub+), contain plasmids of different size which share extensive sequence homologies. One strain of Halobacterium salinarium, another one of Halobacterium capanicum, and two new Halobacterium isolates from Tunisia, which are also Pum+ Rub+, do not harbor covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid but contain sequences, presumably integrated into the chromosome, which are similar if not identical to those of pHH1, i.e., the plasmid originally isolated from H. halobium. Three other halophilic strains, Halobacterium trapanicum, Halobacterium volcanii, and a new isolate from Israel, do not carry pHH1-like sequences. These strains are, by morphological and physiological criteria, different from the others examined and harbor plasmids unrelated to pHH1.     

Evidence for two different gas vesicle proteins and genes in Halobacterium halobium.

Most halobacteria produce gas vesicles (GV). The well-characterized species Halobacterium halobium and some GV+ revertants of GV- mutants of H. halobium produce large amounts of GV which have a spindlelike shape. Most other GV+ revertants of H. halobium GV- mutants and other recently characterized halobacterial wild-type strains possess GV with a cylindrical form. The number of intact particles in the latter isolates is only 10 to 30% of that of H. halobium. Analysis of GV envelope proteins (GVPs) by electrophoresis on phenol-acetic acid-urea gels showed that the GVP of the highly efficient GV-producing strains migrated faster than the GVP of the low-GV-producing strains. The relative molecular mass of the GVP was estimated to be 19 kilodaltons (kDa) for high-producing strains (GVP-A) and 20 kDa for low-producing strains (GVP-B). Amino acid sequence analysis of the first 40 amino acids of the N-terminal parts of GVP-A and GVP-B indicated that the two proteins differed in two defined positions. GVP-B, in relation to GVP-A, had Gly-7 and Val-28 always replaced by Ser-7 and Ile-28, respectively. These data suggest that at least two different gvp genes exist in H. halobium NRL. This was directly demonstrated by hybridization experiments with gvp-specific DNA probes. A fragment of plasmid pHH1 and a chromosomal fragment of H. halobium hybridized to the probes. Only a chromosomal fragment hybridized to the same gyp probes when both chromosomal and plasmid DNAs from the low-GV-producing halobacterial wild-type strains SB3 and GN101 were examined. These findings support the assumption that GVP-A is expressed by a pHH1-associated gvp gene and GVP-B by a chromosomal gvp gene.