百合总皂苷提取工艺及抗抑郁活性研究

本文研究百合总皂苷最佳提取工艺,继而采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂富集纯化百合总皂苷,并测试其抗抑郁活性。采用正交实验,考察乙醇浓度、提取次数、固液比及提取时间四个因素对该工艺的影响;采用小鼠悬尾实验和小鼠强迫游泳实验评价百合总皂苷的抗抑郁活性。确立了百合总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为:提取时间3h,乙醇浓度80%,固液比1∶10,提取次数为3次。在最佳提取工艺条件下,总皂苷提取率为1.24%。经过AB-8大孔树脂富集纯化总皂苷的含量达到62%以上。药理实验表明,百合总皂苷中剂量、小剂量能明显缩短小鼠悬尾的不动时间和游泳时间(P<0.05或者P<0.01),百合富集纯化的总皂苷部位具有较好的抗抑郁活性。     

水浴回流与超声波辅助回流提取百合皂苷工艺比较研究

分别采用单因素试验法和正交试验法对水浴和超声波辅助回流提取法对百合总皂苷的提取工艺进行比较,获得最佳水浴回流提取工艺为:乙醇浓度为50%、温度为90℃、提取时间为3 h、固液比为1∶18。在该工艺条件下百合皂苷的提取率为1.98%;超声波辅助回流提取最佳工艺为:温度为90℃、乙醇浓度为70%、提取时间为25 min、固液比为1∶30、提取功率为105 W。在该工艺条件下百合皂苷的提取率为2.33%,超声波辅助回流提取法的百合皂苷提取率和稳定性、重复性都优于传统的水浴回流提取法。     

基于PB-CCD设计的黄芪茎叶总皂苷提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

黄芪为常用大宗中药材,传统用药部位为根。药材采挖后,地上茎叶通常被丢弃,造成巨大浪费。为黄芪茎叶综合利用提供依据,本研究优化了黄芪茎叶中总皂苷提取工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行了评价。以总皂苷为响应因子,以乙醇浓度、液料比、提取温度、提取时间、超声功率、超声时间和提取次数为考察因素,采用PB-CCD设计优选获得最佳提取工艺条件:乙醇浓度80%,液料比30∶1,提取温度80℃,超声时间30 min,超声功率200 W,提取时间120 min,提取次数3次,在此工艺参数条件下总皂苷得率在2.04%左右。通过体外抗氧化活性研究发现黄芪茎叶总皂苷对DPPH、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基均有一定的清除能力,并与总皂苷质量浓度呈一定的正相关关系。     

少花龙葵茎总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用乙醇浸提法对Solanum photeinocar pum茎总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究,探讨了溶剂浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对总黄酮含量提取的影响,并采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数乙醇浓度为40%,提取温度为80℃,时间为1h,料液比1:16(g:mL)。在此条件下测得总黄酮含量为4.39mg/g,提取物对羟自由基具有较好的清除效果。     

响应面优化大蒜总黄酮提取及抗氧化研究

本实验通过单因素试验探讨了乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声温度对大蒜总黄酮得率的影响,然后进一步通过响应面分析确定了超声波辅助乙醇提取大蒜总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度80%,料液比1∶16,超声时间18 min,超声温度53℃。在最佳工艺条件下,大蒜总黄酮得率达到3.99%。最后进行邻苯三酚自氧化试验,发现大蒜提取液对超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)的抑制率为60.43%,表明大蒜总黄酮有较强的抗氧化活性。     

响铃草总黄酮清除自由基及抑制亚硝化作用的研究

优选响铃草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,并考察其清除自由基及对亚硝化反应的抑制能力。通过正交试验设计对乙醇提取响铃草总黄酮的工艺进行优化;采用紫外分光光度法测定响铃草总黄酮对自由基的清除作用和对亚硝酸钠的清除率以及对亚硝胺合成的阻断率。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度65%,料液比1∶30,提取温度75℃,提取时间3 h,在此最佳工艺条件下,黄酮得率为1.72%;响铃草总黄酮对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基有一定的清除作用;并且能够有效的清除亚硝酸钠和阻断亚硝胺的合成。     

超声波辅助象拔蚌多糖提取及抗氧化活性研究

采用蒽酮比色法测定多糖含量。基于超声时间、温度、固液比单因素对象拔蚌多糖提取率影响的基础上,设计三因素三水平正交实验研究象拔蚌多糖最佳提取工艺。并测定象拔蚌多糖的总抗氧化活性和羟自由基清除活性。结果表明,影响多糖提取的首要因素是固液比,其次是超声时间和超声温度。象拔蚌多糖最佳提取条件为:温度60℃、超声时间30 min、固液比1:12。象拔蚌多糖总抗氧化活性和羟自由基清除活性均与浓度有明显的量效关系,表明超声辅助法是象拔蚌多糖提取的一种有效方法,高浓度象拔蚌多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

花脸香蘑菌丝体提取物的体外抗氧化活性

分别测定花脸香蘑Lepista sordida发酵菌丝体不同浓度乙醇溶剂提取液在4种抗氧化模型中的抗氧化作用。结果表明, 各种菌丝体提取液对二苯基苦味酰基苯肼自由基(·DPPH)和羟自由基(·OH)均有显著的清除作用, 其清除作用随着乙醇溶剂浓度的提高而降低: 在3 g/L菌丝生药浓度时, 去离子水提取物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率分别为90.55%和81.9%; 在6 g/L菌丝生药浓度时, 50%乙醇和70%乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率分别为53.7%和45.2%, 对羟自由基的清除率分别为79.4%和78.4%。各菌丝提取物也具有极强的抗脂质过氧化能力, 在5 g/L菌丝生药浓度64 h内, 水提物、50%乙醇和70%乙醇提取物对亚油酸过氧化物的抑制率分别为100%、96%和89.2%。在一定浓度下, 各提取液对邻苯三酚自氧化也均有抑制作用。     

青橄榄浸膏的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为优化青橄榄浸膏提取工艺,并探讨其抗氧化性。以茂名盛产的青橄榄为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取法,以总黄酮和总多酚得率为评价指标,考察各因素对青橄榄浸膏提取效果的影响。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、结晶紫法和DPPH清除能力评价青橄榄浸膏的抗氧化活性。结果显示,浸膏的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶18 (g∶mL),超声提取温度50℃,时间6 min(超声提取阶段);单纯有机溶剂提取温度60℃,时间45 min(有机溶剂浸提阶段);此条件下总黄酮得率为1. 76%,总多酚得率为15. 53%。终产物浸膏在0. 3 mg/mL浓度下对超氧阴离子自由基抑制率为22. 74%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸抑制效果的23. 47%;在0. 02 mg/mL浓度下对羟基自由基的清除率为67. 32%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸清除效果的112. 58%;在0. 2 mmol/mL的DPPH溶液体系中,0. 15 mg/mL的浸膏对DPPH的清除率为95. 40%,相当于同等质量浓度的抗坏血酸清除效果的140. 83%;总体来讲,浸膏具有良好的抗氧化能力,虽然对超氧阴离子自由基抑制率弱于抗坏血酸,但羟基自由基的清除率及DPPH清除率均优于抗坏血酸。     

石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺及体外抗氧化性研究

目的:研究石榴叶总黄酮的提取工艺及体外抗氧化性.方法:利用L9(34)正交设计实验,探讨了提取条件对石榴叶中总黄酮提取量的影响,并采用Fenton体系和邻苯三酚自氧化法评价了该提取物的体外抗氧化能力.结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:80%的乙醇、料液比为1:15、提取温度为60℃、提取时问4h,即A3B1 C3D2,此条件下提取的总黄酮含量为0.4281%;石榴叶总黄酮清除·OH和抑制邻苯三酚自氧化能力均略高于VC.结论:实验表明石榴叶总黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.