山东白头鹎的一些生态观察

据记载白头鹎Pycnontus sinensis的分布区,北至山东南部郯城(东经118°17′—118°40′、北纬34°251—34°57′)……。1984—1988年作者在山东省泰山(东经117°5′—117°24′、北纬36°5′—36°75′)、徂徕山(东经117°16′—117°20′、北纬36°02′—36°07′)的连续观察和冬季采到的标本,得知此鸟在上述两地为留鸟。常在海拔500米以下的低山一带活动,多停落在树的     

西双版纳28种野生经济树种的物候观察

西双版纳位于云南南部边缘,地理位置为北纬21°09′～22°36′、东经99°58′～101°50′之间。面积19690平方公里,该地地处热北缘,长期受热带季风控制,气候条件十分优越。植物资源极其丰富。在西双版纳海拔800米以下的地区,降雨量在1500毫米左右,年平均气温为20℃左右,相对湿度较大。植被分类划分为热带雨林和热带季雨林。多年生植物呈现出大都无冬季休眠     

唐山地区的蝗虫种类及其分布

<正> 地理概貌 唐山地区位于河北省东部,东经117°31′—119°19′,北纬38°55′—40°28′。全地区包括10个县3个区和芦台、汉沽两个农场,耕地面积890万亩,境内以小麦、水稻、玉米、高梁、甘     

试论陕西关中地区新石器时代遗址的地理环境与人类生产活动的关系

渭河是黄河的一条主要支流。陕西关中地区主要包括渭河中下游及其支流下游地区,约在东经106°45′—110°13′,北纬34°0′—35°12′之间,位于黄土高原东部边缘,南倚秦岭山脉,北界关中北山山系,面积约二万一千平方公里,属暖温带大陆性季风气候区域。这一地区虽然自第四纪全新世以来,总的气候变化趋势是由温暖湿     

资源介绍——西双版纳丰富的野生果树资源

西双版纳位于我国云南省南部,北纬21°10＇～22°0′,东经99°55′～101°50′,土地面积19,220平方公里,属于热带季风气候。年平均温度20～22℃,年降雨量1200～1800mm,年平均空气相对湿度70～80％左右。由于境内山脉众多,形成了各种类型的小气候,使许多不同类型的植物得以很好地生长,野生果树资源丰富多采。     

神农架自然保护区两栖爬行动物初步调查

神农架自然保护区位于湖北省西部,东经110°3′—110°34′,北纬31°22′—31°37′。整个区域属大巴山脉东段的延伸部分,南临长江西陵峡,北依汉水。区内最低海拔420米,一般海拔在1700米左右,主峰神农顶海拔3105.4     

建立生态经济型橡胶园橡胶咖啡间作模式

一、云南植胶区的自然地理条件云南橡胶种植区位于云南高原南部,北纬20°09′—24°59′,东经93°31′—105°08′,海拔100—1000m之间的热带季风地区。包括文山、红河、思茅、西双版纳、临沧和德宏地区     

大兴安岭北部火烧迹地人工更新造林鼠害调查报告

黑龙江省大兴安岭北部的塔河、阿木尔、图强和西林吉4个林业局地处北纬52°30′—54°51′,东经121°51′—125°5′之间,属大兴安岭寒温带明亮针叶林区,寒温带大陆性气候。气候严寒干燥,动植物组成种类贫乏,乔     

大风口水库及石河生态条件与鱼类群落的研究

1987—1989年间对大风口水库及上下游石河的不同河段进行了春夏秋不同季节的生态环境和鱼类群落的调查研究。一、生态条件1.自然概貌和采样段面的选择石河是辽宁西部的一条直接入海的小河,全长67.7km,流域面积431km~2。地理座标为北纬40°10′—40°19′,东经119°50′—120°     

鄂西南山地植被的基本特征

本文系湖北省区划办委托进行的湖北植被类型图、植被区划图过程中的一个阶段性小结。鄂西南山地位于中国亚热带东部(湿润)常绿阔叶林亚区域,为湖北植被区划中鄂西南山地植被区,所属范围包括整个鄂西自治州、宜昌地区的大部及神农架南坡。约当北纬29°05′—31°22′,东经108°30′—111°47′的地理位置。     

小瓣金花茶生物学特性观察

小瓣金花茶是８０年代发现的新种,原产广西热带季风气候区,引种至２５°１１′Ｎ、１１０°１２′Ｅ的桂林雁山已１０ａ,生长发育正常。本文对小瓣金花茶的物候期、植株生长、开花结实特性及适应性等作了报道     

江西马头山自然保护区攀缘植物区系研究

马头山自然保护区位于江西省东部资溪县的马头山林场内,地理坐标为117°08’52”～117°18’00”E, 27°40’43”～27°53’52”N,总面积为21 570 hm2,有丰富的野生攀缘植物资源。通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴 定,初步确认该区共有攀缘植物40科92属222种(包括种下等级)。根据对马头山攀缘植物区系分析的结 果,指出本区攀缘植物区系具有以下特征:(1)种类组成丰富,地理成分复杂;(2)区系中热带性地理成分占主 导地位;(3)区系成分相对古老,特有类群丰富,多型性突出;(4)华东区系特征明显,南北区系过渡。     

中国大戟科珠子木属植物的整理研究

珠子不属(Phyllanthodendron Hemsl.)在我国主要分布于贵州、云南、广西和广东。经研究,作者于本文将其划分为2组10种,其中包括一个新组,4个新种及一个新组合。     

福建种子植物区系地理研究

福建省地处中国东南沿海的亚热带 ,季风气候显著 ,水热条件良好 ,地貌以山地为主 ,致使种子植物成分丰富 ,自然分布的种类约有 1152属归 186科。区系地理成分分析表明 ,福建种子植物区系是典型的热带起源 ,热带成分占 56 .0 3% ,其中以泛热带成分最多 ,同时兼容了大量温带成分 ,说明温带成分并非源自本地 ,而是亚热带山区起源。区系成分中单型属和少型属以及特有属成分相当丰富 ,说明了残遗现象和个别特化现象比较明显     

中国千斤拔属植物的初步研究

本文叙述了千斤拔属名的拉丁学名的变换和研究情况,并研究该属植物国产种的分类、地理分布及其特点。进而对该属植物的习性和苞片、花序、花和叶等诸器官演化趋势作初步探讨,并对该属6个类群之间可能的演化关系、属的起源、分布中心和迁移路线等问题提出初设想。     

广西大瑶山自然资源的特点及今后利用的方向

大瑶山是广西有名的大山,北纬23°40′—24°24′,东经109°50′—110°27′,面积约2080平方公里。 大瑶山起源于二迭纪,是一座古老的山体。大瑶山生物种类丰富多彩,区系植物213个科,2335种;陆栖脊椎动物69科,281种;昆虫176科,836种;森林植被四个植被型,34个群系。大瑶山生物地理成份复杂,植物区系有热带东南亚、东亚、北温带、旧世界热带和泛热带的成份;昆虫区系有东洋种、古北种和本地特有种。古老、孑遗和特有、珍稀种类不少,蕨类植物250种,裸子植物7科22种,木兰科4属16种,国家保护的珍稀植物有桫椤、白豆杉、福建柏、猪血木、大果木五加、伞花木、南华木、紫荆、金莲木等35种;珍稀动物有瑶山鳄蜥、猕猴、短尾猴、大鲵、山瑞、红腹角雉等12种。大瑶山具重要经济意义的种类较突出,如:灵香草、八角、玉桂、罗汉果等。因此,大瑶山是广西中部一个重要的生态系统;是广西重要的和理想的科学研究和教学之处;是广西非常重要的自然物种基地;是广西重要的木材和土特产基地。大瑶山今后主要是保护起来,建立自然保护区,同时,大力发展木材和土特产。     

粤北大东山种子植物区系研究

大东山位于广东北部,地理位置约为２４°５０′～２５°００′Ｎ,１１２°３７′～１１２°４７′Ｅ。大东山有种子植物１６１科,５６０属,１１２４种。其中裸子植物６科,１０属,１４种;被子植物１５５科,５５０属,１１１０种。大东山区系的表征科是蔷薇科、樟科、茶科、壳斗科、山矾科、冬青科、木兰科、安息香科和金缕梅科。属的地理成分组成为热带分布属占５４．３４％,温带分布属占４５．６６％。本区系与江西九连山及福建武夷山区系有密切的联系,与黑石顶、大瑶山和花坪区系的联系也较紧密。大东山区系属华南地区的一部分。     

Effect of temperature on yield and night biomass loss in Spirulina platensis grown outdoors in tubular photobioreactors

Outdoor experiments carried out in Florence, Italy (latitude 43.8° N, longitude 11.3° E), using tubular photobioreactors have shown that in summer the average net productivity of a Spirulina platensis culture grown at the optimal temperature of 35 °C was superior by 23% to that observed in a culture grown at 25 °C. The rates of night biomass loss were higher in the culture grown at 25 °C (average 7.6% of total dry weight) than in the one grown at 35 °C (average 5%). Night biomass loss depended on the temperature and light irradiance at which the cultures were grown, since these factors influenced the biomass composition. A net increase in carbohydrate synthesis occurred when the culture was grown at a low biomass concentration under high light irradiance or at the suboptimal temperature of 25 °C. Excess carbohydrate synthesized during the day was only partially utilized for night protein synthesis.     

Latitudinal differences in temperature effects on the embryonic development and hatchling phenotypes of the Asian yellow pond turtle,Mauremys mutica

The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development and offspring traits has been widely reported for many species. However, knowledge remains limited about how such effects vary across populations. Here, we investigated whether incubation temperature (26, 28, and 30 °C) differentially affects the embryonic development of Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica) eggs originating from low‐latitude (Guangzhou, 23°06′N) and high‐latitude (Haining, 30°19′N) populations in China. At 26 °C, the duration of incubation was shorter in the high‐latitude population than in the low‐latitude population. However, this pattern was reversed at 30 °C. As the incubation temperature increased, hatching success increased in the low‐latitude population but slightly decreased in the high‐latitude population. Hatchlings incubated at 30 °C were larger and righted themselves more rapidly than those incubated at 26 °C in the low‐latitude population. In contrast, hatchling traits were not influenced by incubation temperature in the high‐latitude population. Overall, 30 °C was a suitable developmental temperature for embryos from the low‐latitude population, whereas 26 and 28 °C were suitable for those from the high‐latitude population. This interpopulation difference in suitable developmental temperatures is consistent with the difference in the thermal environment of the two localities. Therefore, similarly to posthatching individuals, reptile embryos from different populations might have evolved diverse physiological strategies to benefit from the thermal environment in which they develop. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 114 , 35–43.     

Phenotypic plasticity and biogeographic variation in physiology of habitat‐forming seaweed: response to temperature and nitrate

Southeastern Australian waters are warming at nearly four times the global average rate (~0.7°C · century^?1) driven by strengthening incursions of the warm oligotrophic East Australian Current. The growth rate hypothesis (GRH) predicts that nutrient depletion will impact more severely on seaweeds at high latitudes with compressed growth seasons. This study investigates the effects of temperature and nutrients on the ecophysiology of the habitat‐forming seaweed Phyllospora comosa in a laboratory experiment using temperature (12°C, 17°C, 22°C) and nutrient (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 μM NO₃^?) scenarios representative of observed variation among geographic regions. Changes in growth, photosynthetic characteristics (via chlorophyll fluorescence), pigment content, tissue chemistry (δ¹³C, % C, % N, C:N) and nucleic acid characteristics (absolute RNA and DNA, RNA:DNA ratios) were determined in seaweeds derived from cool, high‐latitude and warm, low‐latitude portions of the species’ range. Performance of P. comosa was unaffected by nitrate availability but was strongly temperature‐dependent, with photosynthetic efficiency, growth, and survival significantly impaired at 22°C. While some physiological processes (photosynthesis, nucleic acid, and accessory pigment synthesis) responded rapidly to temperature, others (C/N dynamics, carbon concentrating processes) were largely invariant and biogeographic variation in these characteristics may only occur through genetic adaptation. No link was detected between nutrient availability, RNA synthesis and growth, and the GRH was not supported in this species. While P. comosa at high latitudes may be less susceptible to oligotrophy than predicted by the GRH, warming water temperatures will have deleterious effects on this species across its range unless rapid adaptation is possible.