细胞色素C与细胞色素氧化酶之间相互作用的共振RAMAN光谱研究

分别于５１４．５ｎｍ及６０４ｕｍ波长激发下,对游离的细胞色素Ｃ,细胞色素氧化酶以及细胞色素Ｃ和细胞色素氧化酶的复合体的共振拉曼光谱进行了分析比较,在形成复合体时,双方蛋白的共振拉曼谱均有所变化,一个共同的特征性变化是Ａ２ｇｖ２２１１３０ｃｍ－１,ｖ２１１３１２ｃｍ－１,ｖ２０１４００ｃｍ－２,和ｖ１９１５８４ｃｍ－１强度都有增强,其中变化最明显的是Ａ２ｇｖ１９１５８４ｃｍ－１峰,在游离态中,Ｉ１５４０／ｉ１５８２＞１,在结合态中Ｉ１５５０／Ｉ１５８２＜１。     

STUDIES ON ALGAL CYTOCHROME II PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE PORPHYRA TENERA CYTOCHROME 553

The Physico-chemical properties of an algal cytochrome, Porphyratenera cytochrome 553 were investigated, using a crystallinepreparation of the substance. The cytochrome was found to behighly resistant to heat and preservation. The stability ofthe cytochrome was also prominent in a wide range of pH. Absorption spectra as: well as data concerning the extinctioncoefficients of the oxidized and reduced forms are presented. The oxidation-reduction potential of the cytochrome was determinedat various pH. The value for the normal potential was foundto decrease gradually with increasing pH; from 355 mV at pH5.0, to 270 mV at pH 11.0. Electrophoretic investigation revealedthat this cytochrome is a markedly acidic protein, with an isoelectricpoint of pH 3.5. The molecular weight of the cytochrome wasdetermined from ultracentrifugal and diffusion experiments tobe 13,600. The values for the minimum molecular weight calculatedfrom the heme- and iron-contents are, respectively, 12,000 and11,000. (Received April 20, 1960; )     

AN f-TYPE CYTOCHROME FROM CHLORELLA VULGARIS

A method for isolating an f-type cytochrome (Chlorella cytochrome554) from Chlorella vulgaris var. viridis (CHODAT) utilizingN, N-diethylaminoethylcellulose is described. The spectrum ofreduced Chlorella cyt. 554 has absorption maxima at 554 mµ(-band), 524 mµ (ß-band), 417 mµ (SORETband), 352 mµ, 319 mµ and 277 mµ (proteinband). The oxidized form has absorption maxima at 554mµ530 mµ, (ß-band), 412 mµ (SORET band),360mµ 322 mµ and 275 mµ (protein band). Thespectral characteristics resembled other f-type cytochromes,e. g. in the high SORET to -extinction ratio (6.8) and an asymmetric-absorption band (especially at liquid N₂ temperature) ; butcharacteristic differences were present. Mitochondria from whitelupine seedlings and sweet potato roots reduced Chlorella cyt.554. From the effects of antimycin A and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinolineN-oxide it appears that Chlorella cyt. 554 was reduced sequentiallybefore cytochrome a+a₃ and near the level of the cytochromesof the b type. Oxidation was slow using lupine mitochondriaand nil with sweet potato mitochondria. The oxidation-reductionpotential at pH 7.2 and 30? was 0.35 V. Ascorbate, cysteine,glutathione and Na₂S₂O₄ readily reduced Chlorella cyt. 554.The cytochrome was not autoxidizable and was slowly oxidizedby excess potassium ferricyanide. The reduced form did not reactwith CO and was not adsorbed by IRC-50 or Cellex-P cation exchangers. ¹ Temporary address until September 1961: Department of HorticulturalScience, University of California, Los Angeles 24, California,U. S. A. ² Present address: Plant Industry Station, Pioneering ResearchLaboratory, Marketing Quality Research Division, AgriculturalMarketing Service, Beltsville, Maryland, U. S. A. (Received January 16, 1961; )     

STUDIES ON ALGAL CYTOCHROME: I. ENZYMIC ACTIVITIES PERTAINING TO PORPHYRA TENERA CYTOCHROME 553 IN CELL-FREE EXTRACTS

1. Enzymic activities pertaining to Porphyra tenera cytochrome553 were investigated with cell-free extracts of a red alga,Porphyra tenera, and various fractions prepared therefrom.
2. Thealgal extracts were found to be incapable, in the dark,of catalyzingoxidation of reduced cytochrome 553 at a ratesufficient toaccount for the respiratory oxygen-uptake in theintact cell.Oxidation of cytochrome 553 was highly acceleratedon illumination.The former reaction was found to be cyanide-sensitiveand thelatter, cyanide-insensitive. Both activities were foundto belocalized in the particulate fraction of the cell extract.
3. Significantactivities of reduced pyridine nucleotide-cytochromereductasewere discovered in the soluble fraction of the cellextract,the reaction being two or three times faster with TPNHthanwith DPNH as electron donor. There was no reaction withsuccinatein the presence of cytochrome and 2,6–dichlorophenolindophenol.
4. Porphyra tenera cytochrome 553 was shown to be localized inthe plastids of the algal cell.
5. Possible functions of cytochrome553 in the algal metabolismwere discussed.

     

细胞色素分子疏水性与进化的关系

本文在先前研究结果的基础上,通过对细胞色素分子一维结构间疏水相似性的计算,建立了相应的分子系统树,并对细胞色素分子间的进化关系进行了探讨。结果表明,从蛋白质分子的疏水相似性和非线性三维结构来研究分子间的进货关系,不仅得到了与用其它方法所得到的结果基本一致的结论,而且还在一定程度上克服了其它一些方法的局限性,取得了较佳的结果。     

SOME PROPERTIES OF THE CYTOCHROME C REDUCING SUBSTANCE, A FACTOR FOR LIGHT-INDUCED REDOX REACTION OF CYTOCHROME C IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC LAMELLAE

Cytochrome c reducing substance (CRS), a redox substance discoveredin photoreactive lamellar fragments, was purified by Sephadexcolumn chromatography. Chromatographic behaviours of CRS ofAnabaena and spinach were essentially the same. Purified CRSof Anabaena showed an absorption spectrum having one absorptionmaximum around 260 mµ. The absorption peak disappearedon addition of excess amount of borohydride. Similar absorptionchange on borohydride addition was observed with spinach CRSpreparation. Purified preparations of Anabaena and spinach CRS supportedphotophosphorylation in spinach broken chloroplasts. The phosphorylationwas found to couple the electron flow from water to molecularoxygen. ¹This work was supported by grant GM-11300 from the NationalInstitute of Health, U. S. A. ²Present address: Institute of Applied Microbiology, The Universityof Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.     

细胞色素bc_1复合物的喇曼光谱研究

对提纯的细胞色素ｂｃ１复合物的氧化态和底物琥珀酸还原态两个样品进行了共振喇曼和富立叶喇曼光谱测定和比较。琥珀酸还原态与氧化态的共振谱比较明显有变化,而富立叶红外谱没有什么差别。说明呼吸链的电子传递体在氧化态与还原态交替变化进行电子传递时,蛋白总体构象不发生大的改变,而活性中心血红素辅基局部构象变化很大。     

细胞色素P450scc在人早期胎盘中的表达(简报)

人妊娠期间,胎盘合成大量的类固醇激素,与妊娠的启动、维持、分娩以及胎儿的发育均存在密切的关系。阐明胎盘类固醇激素特别是孕酮合成与分泌的调节机制对于寻找理想的生育调控技术和生殖保健方法具有重要的意义。因此,胎盘类固醇激素合成与分泌的调节向来是生殖生物学与妇产科学领域所关注的焦点问题之一,并为此开展了大量的研究,但迄今仍不清楚,其主要原因之一是     

A PHENOLIC PIGMENT REACTIVE TO L-LACTATE CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE OF YEAST

1. A phenolic pigment was extracted from baker's yeast. The pigmentis slowly autooxidizable, and rapidly oxidized with Rhus-laccaseor polyphenol oxidase and reduced by dithionite.
2. The pigmentdissolved in ethylether had an absorption peak at258 mµ,shoulders at 289 and 382 mµ and a plateauat 450–500mµ. The difference spectrum between oxidizedand reducedforms of the pigment showed a wide plateau around500 mµ.
3. The pigment supported the oxygen uptake by reconstructed enzymesystem: L-lactate, L-lactate cytochhrome c reductase and Rhuslaccaseor polyphenol oxidase. In its absence, no oxygen uptake tookplace. The pigment was replaced successfully with p-quinone,catechol and menadione, but not with ubiquinone. The sequenceof hydrogen transport can be represented: L-lactate L-lactatecytochrome c reductase "phenolic pigment" oxidase oxygen.

(Received August 11, 1967; )     

在线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列水平上对鬣羚系统发育的研究

测定了鬣羚在中国的7个地方种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的419bp的片段序列,并分析了其序列差异,构建了分子系统进化树。结果表明：鬣羚各种群间的序列差异在0－14．31％,鬣羚种群最早在大约5．7百万年有共同的母系祖先,并且在中国最早可能是从青藏高原东南缘的区域开始演化的。随后向周围地区辐射扩散,日本鬣羚的分化时间大约在3．1百万年前,并且可能是从中国大陆迁移过去的。白玉和道孚的鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率＞11．21％）,日本鬣养分种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率＞7．63％）,洛扎的鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率＞4．05％）的分化估计已接近或达到亚种水平。鬣羚在中国至少存在3个进化显单元：A．白玉和道孚种群;B．洛扎种群;C．隆子,陕西,皖南和德格种群,建议将它们分开管理,避免杂交,以保存遗传分歧较大的类群及其进化潜力。     

ISOLATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE COMPLEX FROM SEA URCHIN MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANES

Cytochrome oxidase complex has been isolated and purified from sea urchin mitochondrial inner membranes. The complex exhibited a discrete number of bands in PAGE and a 17 kDa band was recognized by an anti-human subunit IV antibody. No bands were recognized by an anti-yeast hsp60 antibody and an anti-sea urchin β ATPase subunit.