蛋白芯片法在抗核抗体检测中的临床应用

目的：应用蛋白芯片法与欧蒙斑点法检测血清抗核抗体,并对其结果进行比较分析。方法：收集95例血清样本,其中45例确诊为自身免疫性疾病,阴性50例,同时采用蛋白芯片法和欧盟斑点法检测其抗核抗体（SSA、SSB、Sm、RNP、Scl—70、Jo-1、CENPB）,并对结果进行对比分析。结果：45例确诊病例中,蛋白芯片法阳性44份,欧蒙斑点法阳性41份,敏感度分别为97．78％和91．11％,特异度分别为98．95％和95．79％;按卡方检验进行结果统计,x^2=1．75,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义。结论：蛋白芯片可用于临床检测自身免疫性疾病、治疗监测、疗效评估和预后判断。     

癌胚抗原蛋白芯片的研发及其在肝癌检测中的评价

目的:研究建立一种简便、快速、特异性高、低成本的检测血清中癌胚抗原(CEA)浓度的蛋白芯片,并通过检测肝细胞肝癌(HCC)对其进行评价。方法:采用双抗体夹心法,制备能够形成捕获抗体-抗原-检测抗体的"三明治"结构的蛋白芯片检测血清中CEA浓度。通过用该蛋白芯片检测50例CEA阳性HCC患者血清和56例健康人血清,对其进行盲法验证。结果:以CEA5 ng/m L为阳性判定标准,得出CEA蛋白芯片的灵敏度为92%(46/50),特异度为100%(56/56)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示该蛋白芯片检测出血清CEA的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.960,与0.5相比差异有统计学意义(P0.001),其判定CEA阳性的准确性较高。结论:成功建立检测血清中CEA浓度的蛋白芯片,为下一步研发多种标志物联合检测HCC的蛋白芯片提供候选血清标志物。     

AFP-L3蛋白芯片的建立与应用

目的:建立一种可同时检测血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)及甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)的蛋白芯片方法,为AFP-L3检测提供经济、便捷、省时、有效的新途径。方法:将鼠源AFP单克隆抗体和小扁豆凝集素点样固定在醛基玻片上,制备出AFP抗体和小扁豆凝集素蛋白芯片。利用抗原抗体特异性结合以及盐藻糖与小扁豆凝集素特异性结合的原理,用蛋白芯片方法检测血清样本中的AFP和AFP-L3。结果:肝癌血清39份,其中37份检测到AFP;26份肝癌血清中同时检测到AFP和AFP-L3,2份肝癌血清均未检测到AFP和AFP-L3。肝细胞癌组血清样本中AFP和AFP-L3水平明显高于健康对照组(P0.001),健康对照组与空白对照组统计学上无差异(P0.05)。结论:本研究成功地建立AFP和AFP-L3同时检测的蛋白芯片方法,与ELISA法和凝集素微量离心柱法相比,是一种切实可行,经济、便捷、省时、有效的方法。     

乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体IgM的蛋白芯片检测法研究

目的:探索蛋白芯片技术检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)抗HBc-IgM的可行性。方法:应用Nano-Plotter TM-压电式微量喷墨点阵制备系统自制的核心抗原蛋白芯片在经10%山羊血清封闭后加入待测血清37℃孵育,PBST清洗晾干后后再次加入检测抗体即HRP-抗人Ig M抗体,芯片用伯乐成像仪检测有无信号。结果:24份HBs Ag和抗HBc阳性血清中经蛋白芯片检测抗HBc-IgM阳性率为83.3%(20/24);24份健康志愿者血清中经蛋白芯片检测抗HBc-IgM阳性率为4.1%(1/24)。乙肝血清与健康志愿者血清化学发光信号差异明显。结论:蛋白芯片技术可较好地应用于定性检测HBV抗HBc-IgM,为临床快速判断是否存在HBV感染和监测慢性肝炎HBV活动性提供新的辅助诊断方法。     

检测小鹅瘟感染抗体的Dot-ELISA方法研究*

以GPV VP1-VP3非重叠序列重组原核表达多肽为检测抗原,建立了鉴别GPV感染抗体的Dot-ELISA方法,试验确定检测抗原包被浓度分别为700ng; 兔抗鹅IgG-HRP-标记抗体的最适稀释度为1∶200;被检血清最佳稀释度为1∶400。检测GPV血清抗体的阳性率为100%;检测鸡抗GPV VP3禽痘重组病毒血清的阳性率为0 %。     

氯沙坦对肾血管性高血压大鼠血清中血管紧张素Ⅱ-1受体自身抗体产生的影响

目的和方法：采用两肾一夹型肾血管性高血压（RVH）模型,以合成的大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ－1受体（AT1R）细胞外第二环165－191位氨基酸序列作为特异性抗原,用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中血管紧张素Ⅱ－1受体自身抗体,动态观察（13周）氯沙坦（术后第2周开始,5mg/kg dig,连续12周）治疗对模型大鼠AT1R自身抗体产生的影响。结果：RVH组大鼠血清中AT1R自身抗体从术后1周起阳性率、滴度逐渐升高;给予氯沙坦治疗不仅可抑制模型大鼠心脏功能和结构的改变,而且使血清AT1R自身抗体的阳性率和滴度明显低于肾血管性高血压组。结论：氯沙坦有抑制AT1R自身抗体产生而达到降压的作用。     

寨卡病毒IgG抗体间接ELISA检测方法的初步建立

初步建立了寨卡病毒(Zika virus)IgG抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,为开发相应的血清学诊断试剂提供理论依据。选取寨卡病毒四种抗原,即E蛋白胞外区(Ectodomain)、NS1蛋白、C蛋白和rEⅢ蛋白进行重组表达和纯化,分别包被ELISA板并用间接法检测寨卡病人临床血清和正常人血清,确定每种检测抗原的检测敏感度和特异度。重组表达并纯化的四种寨卡病毒抗原浓度和纯度均达到检测要求。间接ELISA检测结果显示E蛋白胞外区和NS1蛋白的检测敏感度和特异度均达到较高水平,但C蛋白和rEⅢ蛋白的检测敏感度很低,不适合作为寨卡病毒的检测抗原。本研究初步评价了寨卡病毒四种抗原检测相应IgG抗体的敏感度和特异度,为研制血清学诊断试剂奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片的制备及应用

目的:用重组结核分枝杆菌ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38抗原制备相应的抗体检测蛋白芯片。方法:将制备的结核分枝杆菌抗原ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38及购买的LAM抗原点于醛基化修饰的玻片上,制备成结核抗体检测蛋白芯片;使用该芯片对130例临床结核病患者和50例健康体检者血液样品进行检测,分析其敏感性和特异性,以及5项结核抗体的构成比。结果:结核杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片的敏感性为90.8%(118/130),特异性为90%(45/50),LAM的检出率最高为91.5%。结论:用ESAT6、CFP10、M16和M38及LAM抗原制备的结核杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片用于结核病辅助诊断的敏感性和特异性较高,可用于结核分枝杆菌抗体检测蛋白芯片试剂盒的开发。     

脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原的Ba-蛋白芯片法的建立和应用

目的:研发建立一种快速、特异性高、低成本的检测血清中脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)的蛋白芯片,并通过检测DCP阳性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)血清临床样本对其进行评价。方法:首先采用柠檬酸钡吸附沉淀法去除血清中正常凝血酶原,然后通过双抗体夹心法蛋白芯片检测血清中DCP含量。通过Ba-蛋白芯片法检测41例DCP阳性HCC患者血清和66例健康人血清,进行盲法验证。结果:通过Ecarin-显色多肽底物法证实柠檬酸钡吸附沉淀法能够完全除血清中正常凝血酶原,根据"平均数+3×标准差"公式设置蛋白芯片的Cut-off值作为阳性判定标准,Ba-蛋白芯片法检测DCP阳性HCC血清的灵敏度为95.1%(39/41),特异度为100%(66/66)。结论:成功建立检测血清中DCP浓度的Ba-蛋白芯片法,为多种标志物联合检测HCC的蛋白芯片的研发提供候选血清标志物。     

猴结核病血清抗体检测方法的建立

目的目前活检猴感染结核病的检疫方法只有结核菌素试验。由于检测方法的单一性,结核菌素试验敏感性和特异性低,给灵长类结核病的管理带来困难。为此,开展了猴结核病血清抗体的检测方法。方法利用胞浆蛋白、结核菌素、Trehalose 6,6-’dimycolate(TDM)分别作为抗原建立猴结核病血清抗体ELISA检测方法,检测了28份自然感染血清和121份阴性血清,评价其应用价值。结果根据三种抗原对标本检测结果的敏感度和特异度,用受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)进行分析比较。胞浆蛋白、结核菌素、TDM三种抗原检测的敏感度分别为89.3%、75%与64.3%;特异度分别为93.4%、95.9%与88.4%。ROC曲线下面积都大于0.5(P<0.01)。结论表明三种抗原能用于抗猴结核病的ELISA检测,具有较好的准确性。其中,胞浆蛋白抗原的敏感性和特异性最高,是猴结核病血清抗体检测较好的一种抗原。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.