2种乳酸菌对牙鲆体表、消化道粘液粘附及对4种致病菌的粘附抑制性

目的 研究2株乳酸菌（L1来自牙鲆肠道,L2为干酪乳杆菌）在牙鲆体表和消化道粘液的粘附及其对4种致病菌的粘附抑制情况。方法 异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记法。结果 2种乳酸菌在牙鲆体表和消化道粘液中均有粘附性。在胃的粘附效果最好,粘附百分率分别是48．18％和63．0％,L2在牙鲆体表、盲囊和肠的粘附能力强于L1。L1对白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）在各部位均无粘附抑制作用,对荧光假单胞菌（P．Fluorescens）粘附抑制作用最强．使其在牙鲆消化道粘液的粘附百分率下降了19．01％,其余依次为非01型霍乱弧菌（V．cholerae non-Оl strains）、嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）,分别降低了5．22％、3．22％;L2对非Оl型霍乱弧菌粘附抑制效果最强,使其粘附百分率降低了22．31％。使荧光假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌和白色念珠菌分别下降了17．50％、12．69％、5．15％。结论 对4种常见致病菌的粘附抑制在消化道粘液中好于体表。     

两株乳杆菌对牙鲆体表及消化道粘液的粘附特性

目的利用从牙鲆肠道分离的1株鼠李糖乳杆菌P15和1株干酪乳杆菌(Lc),研究它们在牙鲆粘液中的粘附特性以及不同pH和盐度对其粘附的影响。方法用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记法。结果P15和Lc对牙鲆的体表粘液和消化道粘液均有粘附作用,2株菌对消化道粘液的粘附效果好于体表粘液,且对胃的粘附百分率最高,分别是48.18%和63.0%。这2株菌在各部位的粘附受pH和盐度的影响,在弱酸性环境中和32左右的盐度中具有较强的粘附能力。结论在海水盐度条件下,P15和Lc在消化道粘附率较高。     

乳酸菌表面蛋白对免疫细胞的诱导增殖及粘附抑制效应

目的研究表面蛋白在乳酸菌体外粘附和激活免疫细胞中的作用。方法应用5mol/L氯化锂结合盐酸胍提取植物乳杆菌LpYZU09、干酪乳杆菌LcYZU02、鼠李糖乳杆菌LrGG、发酵乳杆菌LfYZU15及戊糖片球菌PpYZU32的表面蛋白,并分析提取物对乳酸菌粘附鼠肠上皮细胞、巨噬细胞和脾细胞的抑制作用及诱导增殖效应。结果表面蛋白对3种细胞粘附菌体均具有显著抑制效应,抑制作用具有细胞和菌株差异性,其中菌株LrGG表面蛋白对巨噬细胞粘附5种菌体普遍显示了较强的抑制作用,抑制率为38.7%~76.0%。不同菌株表面蛋白对肠上皮细胞的诱导增殖指数为0.05~0.35,对巨噬细胞为0.05~0.42,对脾细胞为0.02~0.40,诱导效应具有菌株和剂量依赖性,菌株LrGG的诱导增殖指数显著高于其他四种。结论乳酸菌表面的蛋白类因子在粘附和激活免疫细胞中发挥了重要作用。     

细菌对肉鸡肠粘液的粘附作用

研究两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与肉鸡不同部位肠粘液糖蛋白的粘附性能,探讨两歧双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对所试病原菌的抗粘附作用。结果表明：在不同的肠道部位,两歧双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与肠粘液糖蛋白均有不同的粘附作用,而禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922在各肠段粘液上的粘附性能则相近;在相同的肠道部位,所试益生菌的粘附能力大于病原菌;两歧双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对所试病原菌的粘附有不同的阻断作用,同时二者有时还存在互补抗粘附作用。     

荧光标记法初探植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ对Caco-2细胞的粘附机理

利用荧光探针CFDA-SE标记植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ,测定其对Caco-2细胞粘附能力的变化,提取相关物质,探讨其粘附机理。化学和酶处理ST-Ⅲ菌悬液发现,经胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、氯化锂、苯酚、盐酸胍和热处理能显著降低ST-Ⅲ的粘附性,表明表面蛋白或脂磷壁酸(Lipoteichoic acid)可能参与了ST-Ⅲ对Caco-2细胞的粘附。粘附抑制试验和可逆性结合实验证实表面蛋白而非脂磷壁酸参与了ST-Ⅲ对Caco-2细胞的粘附。结果表明ST-Ⅲ的表面蛋白粗提物可能含有粘附素类的S-层蛋白(S-layer protein),经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,此粗提物主要成分的分子量分别为72.7、34.1和24.3kD。     

干酪乳杆菌LC2W表面黏附相关蛋白的提取与鉴定

目的提取和鉴定干酪乳杆菌LC2W表面黏附相关蛋白,初步探索LC2W对胃癌细胞MKN-45细胞的黏附机制。方法LiCl处理、Sephadex G-75柱层析分离提取LC2W的表面蛋白,用黏附试验、电镜观察和SDS-PAGE电泳进行黏附相关蛋白的鉴定。结果LC2W经LiCl处理后,扫描电镜结果发现菌体表面粗糙但仍完整,黏附试验表明其对MKN-45细胞的黏附能力显著降低。提取到的表面蛋白的分子量分别为41.6、63.5、66.2 kDa。粗提物经柱层析后发现分子量为41.6 kDa的组分可以明显增强经LiCl处理过的菌体的黏附,而与未经处理的菌体黏附情况类似。结论表面蛋白参与了LC2W对MKN-45细胞的黏附,其主要活性成分的分子量为41.6 kDa。     

Rib类似蛋白在三种乳酸杆菌中的分布

【目的】阐明罗伊氏乳杆菌中Rib蛋白在细菌中的亚细胞定位,以及其在几种乳酸杆菌中的分布,探讨Rib蛋白潜在的生物学功能。【方法】以罗伊氏乳杆菌ATCC55730中Rib蛋白的基因为模板,设计特异性引物,通过PCR获得Rib蛋白N末端非重复区序列并在大肠杆菌中进行异源表达,经过亲和层析和分子筛获得纯化的Rib蛋白,制备Rib蛋白的小鼠多克隆抗体。通过蛋白质免疫印迹方法对11株乳酸杆菌中Rib类似蛋白进行检测。【结果】Western blot结果显示Rib蛋白主要分布于罗伊氏乳杆菌的细胞壁上。PCR和Western blot均表明Rib类似蛋白在4株罗伊氏乳杆菌、6株植物乳杆菌和1株干酪乳杆菌中均可被检测到。【结论】Rib类似蛋白可能在乳酸杆菌中分布较广泛,它们主要存在于细菌细胞壁上的现象表明其可能对这些乳杆菌在宿主肠道的定殖具有一定作用。     

灭活的青春双歧杆菌对人大肠癌细胞的粘附

针对灭活的青春双歧杆菌DM850 4与人大肠癌CCL 2 2 9细胞之间的粘附现象及粘附机制进行研究。结果发现灭活的双歧杆菌具有与活菌相同的粘附定植能力 ,两者粘附于体外培养的肠上皮细胞均依赖于耗尽培养上清 (SCS)的存在。青春双歧杆菌粘附素有可能是存在于细胞壁中及分泌至SCS中的脂磷壁酸 (LTA)。LTA与细菌细胞壁耐热蛋白相互粘连 ,并且伸出胞壁之外。此外 ,肠上皮细胞表面的粘附素受体可能为糖类或糖蛋白。     

两种生物状态肠道益生菌的粘附和粘附拮抗效应的对比研究

目的:研究活菌和灭活菌两种生物状态的肠道主要益生菌--德氏乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌对肠黏膜上皮细胞粘附性及其对肠道几种常见病原菌的粘附拮抗效应.方法:用光镜和电镜技术分析了两种生物状态的三种益生菌对肠黏膜上皮细胞的粘附指数,通过排除实验、竞争实验和替代实验研究了两种生物状态益生菌对侵袭性大肠埃希菌、产毒性大肠埃希菌和痢疾志贺菌的粘附拮抗效应,应用平板扩散法观察了三种益生菌的代谢乏液对上述肠道病原菌的抑制能力.结果:德氏乳杆菌和肠球菌的灭活状态较活菌状态对肠黏膜上皮细胞的粘附性显著增高,双歧杆菌经灭活后对细胞的粘附性与活菌相比差异无显著性,两种生物状态的三种益生菌对肠道致病菌均具有粘附拮抗作用.滤过后的德氏乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌的代谢乏液对侵袭性大肠埃希菌、产毒性大肠埃希菌和痢疾志贺菌均具有较明显的抑制作用,经42℃、65℃和100℃加热不影响德氏乳杆菌和双歧杆菌代谢乏液的抑菌作用.结论:灭活状态的德氏乳杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌是具有潜在开发价值的微生态制剂.     

双歧杆菌粘附机制研究的进展

双歧杆菌是人体肠道最重要的生理性细菌 ,对宿主发挥生物屏障、营养、免疫、控制内毒素血症、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等生理作用。由于双歧杆菌粘附及定植于肠粘膜上皮细胞是其发挥作用的首要条件 ,而且生理性细菌的粘附可能参与了正常菌群生物屏障形成机制。因此有关双歧杆菌粘附的研究日益受到人们的重视。本文就这一方面的现状综述如下。1　一般特征1985羊 ,Cam p等用　 1 4 C- 油酸标记一株分叉双歧杆菌的脂磷壁酸 (L TA) ,然后用酚提取 L TA ,研究 L TA与人肠上皮细胞的粘附 ,他们发现双歧杆菌的 L TA与肠上皮细胞的粘附是特异的和可逆的…     

植物乳杆菌黏附大鼠小肠黏液及机制的研究

分析了6种植物乳杆菌黏附大鼠小肠粘液的能力,并分析了介导黏附性的主要因素。结果表明,植物乳酸杆菌向大鼠小肠粘液的黏附具有菌种特异性,其黏附作用是甘露糖特异性的,细胞外表蛋白质、碳水化合物和(脂)磷壁酸可能参与了黏附过程。     

Antagonistic Activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus acidophilus</Emphasis> ATCC 4356 on the Growth and Adhesion/Invasion Characteristics of Human <Emphasis Type="Italic">Campylobacter jejuni</Emphasis>

The aim of this research was to determine the potential probiotic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 against several human Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The ability to inhibit the pathogen’s growth was evaluated by co-culture experiments as well as by antimicrobial assays with cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS), while interference with adhesion/invasion to intestinal Caco-2 cells was studied by exclusion, competition, and displacement tests. In the co-culture experiments L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 strain reduced the growth of C. jejuni with variable percentages of inhibition related to the contact time. The CFCS showed inhibitory activity against C. jejuni strains, stability to low pH, and thermal treatment and sensitivity to proteinase K and trypsin. L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was able to reduce the adhesion and invasion to Caco-2 cells by most of the human C. jejuni strains. Displacement and exclusion mechanisms seem to be the preferred modalities, which caused a significant reduction of adhesion/invasion of pathogens to intestinal cells. The observed inhibitory properties of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 on growth ability and on cells adhesion/invasion of C. jejuni may offer potential use of this strain for the management of Campylobacter infections.     

Adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus

In the present work, interactions between three Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1015, Lactobacillus animalis CRL1014, and Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. Three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. Three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. The adhesion to three mucus fractions (I, II, and III), especially fraction III, was higher (P < 0.01) in L. fermentum CRL1015 than L. animalis CRL1014. Pretreatment of this fraction with proteases and metaperiodate showed lower (P < 0.01) adhesion values than that of the control, suggesting that a glycoprotein from the mucus acts as a receptor for L. fermentum CRL1015. Highest adhesion values were obtained at pH 7 and 42 degrees C, and neither the removal of divalent cations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) nor the addition of calcium produced significant variation from the adhesion values of the control (P > 0.01). This adhesion was only inhibited by N-acetyl-glucosamine. Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum showed high (P < 0.01) values of adhesion to chick intestinal mucus. The results obtained from assays of the inhibition of adherence of Salmonella spp. to mucus, immobilized in polystyrene tissue culture wells, indicated that the pathogen adhesion was not reduced by lactobacilli (P > 0.05) or their spent culture supernatants (P > 0.05), suggesting that these strains did not interfere with the binding sites for Salmonella spp. adhesion to the small intestinal mucus.     

Characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish

The present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) intended for human use, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. rhamnosus LC 705, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, and one for animal use, Enterococcus faecium Tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. The strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of major importance because the fish are meant for human consumption. The selection was carried out by five different methods: mucosal adhesion, mucosal penetration, inhibition of pathogen growth and adhesion, and resistance to fish bile. The adhesion abilities of the seven LAB and three fish pathogens, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, were determined to mucus from five different sites on the surface or in the gut of rainbow trout. Five of the tested LAB strains showed considerable adhesion to different fish mucus types (14 to 26% of the added bacteria). Despite their adhesive character, the LAB strains were not able to inhibit the mucus binding of A. salmonicida. Coculture experiments showed significant inhibition of growth of A. salmonicida, which was mediated by competition for nutrients rather than secretion of inhibitory substances by the probiotic bacteria as measured in spent culture liquid. All LAB except L. casei Shirota showed tolerance against fish bile. L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus were found to penetrate fish mucus better than other probiotic bacteria. Based on bile resistance, mucus adhesion, mucus penetration, and suppression of fish pathogen growth, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus can be considered for future in vivo challenge studies in fish as a novel and safe treatment in aquaculture.     

The effect of probiotic bacteria on the adhesion of pathogens to human intestinal mucus

Human intestinal glycoproteins extracted from faeces were used as a model for intestinal mucus to investigate adhesion of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains, and the effect of probiotics on this adhesion. S-fimbriated E. coli expressed relatively high adhesion in the mucus model, but the other tested pathogens adhered less effectively. Probiotic strains Lactobacillus GG and L. rhamnosus LC-705 as well as a L. rhamnosus isolated from human faeces were able to slightly reduce S-fimbria-mediated adhesion. Adhesion of S. typhimurium was significantly inhibited by probiotic L. johnsonii LJ1 and L. casei Shirota. Lactobacillus GG and L. rhamnosus (human isolate) increased the adhesion of S. typhimurium suggesting that the pathogen interacts with the probiotic.     

Effects of penicillin G on morphology and certain physiological parameters of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

Evidence shows that probiotic bacteria can undergo substantial structural and morphological changes in response to environmental stresses, including antibiotics. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of penicillin G (0.015, 0.03, and 0.06 mg/l) on the morphology and adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, including the colony morphotype, biofilm production, hydrophobicity, H?O? formation, S-layer structure, and slpA gene expression. Whereas only smooth colonies grew in the presence of penicillin, rough and smooth colony types were observed in the control group. L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was found to be hydrophobic under normal conditions, yet its hydrophobicity decreased in the presence of the antibiotic. No biofilm was produced by the bacterium, despite testing a variety of different culture conditions; however, treatment with penicillin G (0.015-0.06 mg/l) significantly decreased its production of H?O? formation and altered the S-layer protein structure and slpA gene expression. The S-protein expression decreased with 0.015 mg/l penicillin G, yet increased with 0.03 and 0.06 mg/l penicillin G. In addition, the slpA gene expression decreased in the presence of 0.015 mg/l of the antibiotic. In conclusion, penicillin G was able to alter the S-layer protein production, slpA gene expression, and certain physicochemical properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356.     

Effect of Lactobacillus isolates on the adhesion of pathogens to chicken intestinal mucus in vitro

AIMS: The aims of this study were to investigate in vitro the effects of Lactobacillus isolates from a chicken on adhesion of pathogenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli to chicken intestinal mucus obtained from different intestinal regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacteria were labelled by using methyl-1,2-[(3)H]-thymidine. The bacterial adhesion was assessed by measuring the radioactivity of bacteria adhered to the mucus. The results showed that the abilities of Lactobacillus spp. to bind to the same intestinal mucus were higher than those of pathogenic Salmonella and E. coli. Pretreatment of intestinal mucus with Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, alone or in combination, reduced the adhesion of the tested pathogens, but the reductive extent of pathogenic adhesion by Lactobacillus spp. in combination was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: The tested bacteria had different adhesions to mucus glycoproteins isolated from different intestinal regions of chicken. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lact. fermentum in combination revealed a better ability to inhibit attachments of Salmonella and E. coli to chicken intestinal mucus than Lactobacillus sp. alone. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: A mixture of intestinal Lactobacillus spp. from a chicken may play a protective role in excluding pathogenic Salmonella and E. coli from the intestine of chicken.     

Influence of carp intestinal mucus molecular size and glycosylation on bacterial adhesion

The first step of the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases is the colonisation of the mucosal surface by the pathogen. Bacterial colonisation of the mucosal surface is promoted by adherence to high molecular weight mucus glycoproteins. We examined the effect of carp intestinal mucus glycoproteins on the adhesion of different bacteria. The bacteria used were 3 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, and A. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda and Yersinia ruckeri. All bacteria adhered to mucus, but at varying intensities. All tested bacteria adhered best to molecules of 670 to 2000 kDa in size, less to molecules larger than 2000 kDa and weakest to molecules of 30 to 670 kDa. In general, bacteria that showed a stronger adhesion to intestinal mucus were cytotoxic to cells in vitro, and bacteria that showed a weaker adhesion to intestinal mucus did not lead to alterations of monolayers of EPC-cells. Furthermore, the involvement of glycan side chains of the glycoproteins for bacterial adhesion was analysed for one A. hydrophila strain. After cleavage of terminal sugar residues by treatment of mucus glycoproteins with different glycosidases, binding of bacteria was modulated. When mannose was cleaved off, adhesion significantly increased. Blocking of glycan receptors by incubation of bacteria with different oligosaccharides had no clear effect on bacterial binding to mucus glycoproteins. Our results suggest that bacteria interact with carbohydrate side chains of mucus glycoproteins, and that the carbohydrates of the core region are involved in bacterial binding.     

Expression of the Mucus Adhesion Gene Mub, Surface Layer Protein Slp and Adhesion-Like Factor EF-TU of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Under Digestive Stress Conditions, as Monitored with Real-Time PCR

Expression of the mucus adhesion gene Mub, surface layer protein Slp and adhesion-like factor EF-Tu by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 grown in the presence of mucin, bile and pancreatin and at low pH was studied using real-time PCR. None of the genes were up-regulated under increasing concentrations of mucin, while Slp and EF-Tu were up-regulated in the presence of bile and pancreatin at normal concentrations (0.3%, w/v) and under stress conditions (1.0%, w/v).