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螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus Russell在海南是一种重要的农林害虫。本研究对海南地区不同螺旋粉虱种群的mtDNA-COI和rDNA-ITS1基因片段进行了测定并对其系统发育进行了分析。mtDNA-COI和rDNA-ITS1的序列比较发现, 海南16个县市螺旋粉虱种群的mtDNA-COI序列基本一致, 只有文昌番石榴Psidium guajava种群的序列发生变异, 在476 bp位点的碱基C突变为碱基T。不同螺旋粉虱种群的rDNA-ITS1序列也无差异。基于mtDNA COI序列的不同螺旋粉虱种群的系统发育树表明, 已传入我国海南地区的螺旋粉虱未发生明显的遗传分化; 研究还发现海南的螺旋粉虱种群与台湾的种群遗传距离最近, 表明海南地区的螺旋粉虱可能由台湾传入的。基于mtDNA-COI和rDNA-ITS1序列构建的不同粉虱种群的系统发育树表明, 粉虱科分为复孔粉虱亚科(Aleurodicinae)和粉虱亚科(Aleyrodinae), 这一结果与其他研究结果一致。 相似文献
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海南岛粉虱科昆虫种类及中国四新纪录种记述(半翅目,胸喙亚目) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对海南岛粉虱科昆虫进行调查研究,鉴定出粉虱科昆虫2亚科25属57种,包括中国4新纪录种和海南41新纪录种.记述了中国新纪录种:大戟刺粉虱Aleurocanthus euphorbiae Jesudasan&David、长刺粉虱Aleurocanthus longispinus Quaintance& Baker、三孔棒粉虱Aleuroclava tripori(Dubey& Sundararaj)和番荔枝褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus anonae Corbett的形态特征、寄主和分布.区系成份分析表明,海南已知粉虱物种主要为跨东洋和古北区分布种,其次为东洋区分布,少部分为跨多区分布种及世界广布种.确定了鉴定种中的重要粉虱害虫,包括柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead)、黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus Russell、双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin、烟粉虱Benisia tabaci(Gennadius)和番荔枝褶粉虱等在海南发生为害情况. 相似文献
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【背景】螺旋粉虱是新入侵中国海南的一种危险性害虫,化学防治是目前最主要的防治手段和应急措施。【方法】采用POTTER喷雾法监测了海南各地理种群螺旋粉虱对毒死蜱、丙溴磷、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和阿维菌素等7种药剂的抗性水平,并运用Tabashnik域性状分析法估算了螺旋粉虱对毒死蜱的抗性现实遗传力。【结果】螺旋粉虱对各药剂均处于抗性敏感阶段,抗性倍数为1.03~4.29倍。螺旋粉虱对毒死蜱的抗性现实遗传力h2=0.2405;预测结果表明,当田间使用毒死蜱对螺旋粉虱的防治效果达90%时,螺旋粉虱对毒死蜱的抗性提高10倍所需代数为7.09代。田间试验表明,螺旋粉虱对毒死蜱的抗性发展速率要比模型预测缓慢。【结论与意义】本研究可为螺旋粉虱的化学防治及抗药性治理提供参考。 相似文献
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螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus Russell是一种重要的农林害虫。本研究分别利用次级内共生菌Cardinium和Arsenophonus的16S rDNA和Wolbachia wsp基因对海南省16地区的螺旋粉虱的3种次级内共生菌Cardinium, Arsenophonus和Wolbachia感染情况及相关基因序列进行了测定和分析。3种次级内共生菌Cardinium, Arsenophonus和Wolbachia检测结果表明, Cardinium和Arsenophonus均可感染海南地区的螺旋粉虱, 其中乐东、 陵水和澄迈3个地区所有寄主上的螺旋粉虱的Arsenophonus感染率为100%, 三亚、 琼中和临高部分寄主上的螺旋粉虱的Arsenophonus感染率为66.7%, 而儋州、 五指山和万宁3个地区的螺旋粉虱未发现被Arsenophonus感染; 三亚的番石榴上的螺旋粉虱的Cardinium感染率为100%, 琼海白沙的印度紫檀上螺旋粉虱的Cardinium感染率为100%, 其他寄主上的感染率均小于66.7%; 在所检测的43个螺旋粉虱种群中, 40和31个种群中分别检测出有Arsenophonus 和Cardinium感染, 种群感染率分别为93.0%和72.1%; 在所有检测的个体中, 120个个体中有105个感染Arsenophonus, 93个个体中有70个感染Cardinium, 个体感染率分别为87.5% 和75.3%; 在检测的所有样本中, 只有三亚印度紫檀上的螺旋粉虱检测到Wolbachia, 种群感染率为2.3%, 个体感染率仅为0.8%。这些检测结果表明, 海南地区螺旋粉虱次级内共生菌Arsenophonus的感染率高于Cardinium的感染率, Wolbachia的感染率极低。序列分析表明, 海南不同螺旋粉虱种群的Cardinium的16S rDNA序列一致, 而且与烟粉虱的Cardinium 16S rDNA序列一致性很高, 为97.6%; 不同螺旋粉虱种群的Arsenophonus的16S rDNA序列也完全一致, 其与西班牙加那利群岛螺旋粉虱的Arsenophonus的16S rDNA序列一致性较高, 为85.1%。此外, Wolbachia wsp基因序列分析表明, 海南螺旋粉虱的Wolbachia为B组, 这是国内螺旋粉虱感染Wolbachia的首次报道。 相似文献
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Ma GC Wu X Ma CL Wu HL Hu HY Niu LM Fu YG 《Genetics and molecular research : GMR》2011,10(4):2523-2526
Ten microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from Aleurodicus dispersus, the spiraling whitefly, an exotic pest species that is considered to be one of the most serious agricultural pests on Hainan Island, China. The polymorphism of these loci was examined in individual whiteflies from Hainan Island and from the Canary Islands. All loci were polymorphic, with two to four alleles per locus. Mean observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.773 and 0.585, respectively. These microsatellite markers provide powerful tools for ecological, epidemiological and population genetic studies on this highly invasive insect. Thirty insects were collected and studied at each location. There were no differences between the two locations. 相似文献
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双钩巢粉虱Paraleyrodes pseudonaranjae Martin是近年来在我国南方新发现的一种外来害虫。本文对双钩巢粉虱在海南的发生情况进行了调查,并对各虫态形态特征及温度对其生长发育的影响进行了观察。结果表明,双钩巢粉虱在海南省的各个县(市)都有发现,其在海南省的寄主植物共有20科29属37种,主要为害椰子、槟榔、番石榴、柑桔及番荔枝。双钩巢粉虱的发育经卵、若虫(分4个龄期)发育到成虫。在18~27℃条件下,双钩巢粉虱世代发育随温度的上升而加快,在27℃时最短,为16.38 d,18℃最长,需37.41 d,在30℃发育减缓,各虫态发育速率与温度呈抛物线关系。双钩巢粉虱世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.56℃和307.75日.度,在海南一年可发生16~17代。 相似文献
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【背景】褐纹甘蔗象原产于菲律宾,严重危害椰子等棕榈科植物和甘蔗,目前该虫已传入我国台湾、广东、广西和云南,尚未在海南省发生。【方法】为尽早预防该虫传入,本文简要描述了褐纹甘蔗象的生物生态学特性,并运用有害生物危险性分析(PRA)方法,从国内分布情况、潜在的经济危害性、受害寄主的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度等方面对该虫入侵海南的可能性进行了定性和定量分析。【结果】褐纹甘蔗象在海南省的风险评估值R=2.08,属于高风险的林业有害生物,建议将其列入海南省林业检疫性有害生物名单;同时提出了该虫的综合防治措施和建议。【结论与意义】本研究可为尽早制定褐纹甘蔗象防范措施提供参考。 相似文献
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Helga Blanco-Metzler Sergio Laprade-Coto Phyllis G. Weintraub 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2018,28(10):989-994
ABSTRACTA study was conducted to reveal the causes for Aleurodicus dispersus outbreak in commercial banana plantations in Costa Rica. Biotic and abiotic factors affecting the abundance of the spiralling whitefly were determined. Four nymph parasitoids and nine predators were found to affect A. dispersus population. Seventeen families of host plants for A. dispersus in the banana area were identified, allowing the whitefly to reach a high reproductive and dispersal rate and pest status in short periods. The use of nematicides during the dry season was the key factor for mortality of natural enemies responsible for maintaining pest populations under economic levels. 相似文献
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温室白粉虱对几种园艺植物的偏好性 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
温室白粉虱Trialeurodesvaporariorum是世界性害虫,每年都造成巨大的经济损失。研究了温室白粉虱在多种园艺植物混栽温室内对不同植物的选择性,结果表明在2 0种常见蔬菜和花卉中,可危害其中1 3种;温室白粉虱对其中6种寄主植物(旱金莲、一品红、菊花、番茄、小白菜和羽叶甘蓝)的选择性有显著差异,其种群数量为旱金莲和番茄显著多于小白菜、一品红和菊花,羽叶甘蓝显著少于其它5种植物;不同的虫态之间排序有小变动;温室白粉虱在番茄植株上部的垂直分布表现为卵和成虫在第3叶居多,若虫在第5叶居多,伪蛹在第9叶居多。 相似文献
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The spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus
dispersus (Russell) is an insect pest that causes substantial damage to ornamental plants, shade trees and food crops. It was first
observed in Benin in 1993. Two host specific parasitoids, Encarsia dispersa and E. guadeloupae, fortuitously introduced with its host, were recovered in the second half of 1993 in Southern Benin. Survey results from 1993
to 1995 (already published) showed the decline in the population of A. dispersus due to the parasitoids, and the spread from Cotonou (6°10′N) in a northern directions of both parasitoids and their host.
Results from similar field surveys from 1996 to 2003 document that the spiraling whitefly and both its parasitoids spread
to Natitingou (10°20′N, 540 km) in 1995 and Bembereke (10°14′N) in 1996, whereby E. dispersa arrived within less than a year of its host and quickly became dominant in the two localities on the northern front. In subsequent
years, the parasitoids established their geographical niches, with E. dispersa being more abundant (up to 89%) in the coastal south bellow latitude 7°30′N and E. guadeloupae (up to 84%) in the north between latitudes 7°30′ and 10°30′N. We conclude that the gradual replacement observed over ten
years and over 500 km has to do with longitudinal shifts in the length and severity of the dry season and the higher susceptibility
to these conditions by E. dispersa. 相似文献