微波法快速提取放线菌基因组DNA*

原有的放线菌基因组DNA提取方法费时、费力、费用高 ,且对极端环境放线菌成功率较低。利用微波热振惊提取固体培养基表面放线菌菌落基因组DNA ,具有快速、简便、费用低廉等优点。所得的基因组DNA可作为PCR反应的模板进行 1 6SrRNA基因有效扩增。这为大量放线菌菌株的快速鉴别和系统分类创造了条件。     

微波法快速提取放线菌基因组DNA

原有的放线菌基因组DNA提取方法费时、费力、费用高,且对极端环境放线菌成功率较低。利用微波热振惊提取固体培养基表面放线菌菌落基因组DNA,具有快速、简便、费用低廉等优点。所得的基因组DNA可作为PCR反应的模板进行16S rRNA基因有效扩增。这为大量放线菌菌株的快速鉴别和系统分类创造了条件。     

利用改进的酚-氯仿法从猪毛囊中提取基因组DNA

为提高从猪毛囊组织中提取基因组DNA的效率, 文章在借鉴从其他组织提取基因组DNA方法的基础上, 对经典的酚-氯仿法的反应体系和步骤进行了改进。利用改进的酚－氯仿抽提法, 从猪的毛囊组织中快速、高效地提取了高质量基因组DNA。利用该方法从1~6根猪毛囊中提取的基因组DNA可满足基于PCR技术的相关分子生物学实验需要。     

磁珠法快速提取基因组DNA的实验研究

针对临床标本基因组DNA的提取方法缺乏广泛适用性,提取步骤繁琐,需要进行离心操作,并且提取过程中会用到苯酚、氯仿等有机试剂,会对操作人员有一定的危害性等不足,本研究拟建立一种适用于临床标本的基因组DNA快速提取方法。在传统的基因组DNA提取试剂和方法的基础上,本研究采用二氧化硅修饰的超顺磁珠设计了一种基因组DNA快速提取方法;探讨磁珠用量、裂解液p H、盐酸胍浓度等因素对基因组DNA提取效率的影响并采用凝胶电泳实验进行验证。当磁珠用量在50~100μg/100 mg样品,裂解液p H约为6,盐酸胍的浓度为6 mol/L时基因组DNA提取效果好、效率高,且磁珠的用量与吸附表面积成正比,但达到一定用量后不会增加提取量,对于100 mg肺组织,适宜的磁珠用量为80μg。此基因组DNA提取方法高效省时,简便快捷,性价比高,适用临床大量样本基因组DNA提取。     

一种通用的基因组DNA提取方法

目的:探讨一种通厢的基因组DNA提取方法.方法:采用改良的膜法分别从动植物组织、外周血、细菌、细胞等标本提取基因组DNA,DNA样品经紫外吸收、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR扩增和酶切进行榆测.结果:该方法提取的基因组DNA纯度较高,电泳条带清晰,DNA质量能满足下游分子生物学研究的需要.结论:该方法简便快速、适用范围广,是提取基因组DNA的一种有效方法.     

一种适于PCR反应的快速提取食用菌基因组DNA的方法

目的:建立一种以食用菌菌丝体和子实体为原材料的快速提取其基因组DNA的方法,从而提高基因组DNA的提取效率,为食用菌分子生物学提供便利.方法:分别以平菇黑平王的菌丝体和子实体为材料,快速提取其基因组DNA,并以此为模板进行ITS序列扩增.结果:采用方法提取的基因组DNA结构完整,无明显拖尾现象,浓度大约为10ng/μl,以此为模板能够获得预期的ITS条带.结论:该方法具有简便、快速、经济、无污染等优点,提取的基因组DNA适用于PCR反应等分子生物学研究,提高了提取效率,可作为高通量的提取方法.     

利用不同方法从深加工牦牛肉产品中提取基因组DNA效果的比较

为了从深加工牦牛肉产品中获得片段较大、数量较多的基因组DNA,以用于分子追溯的检测,尝试并系统地比较了异硫氰酸胍法、酚-氯仿抽提法和试剂盒提取法的提取效果。通过定量分析、凝胶电泳和PCR片段大小梯度扩增等手段,对利用3种方法提取的基因组DNA的数量和质量进行了比较。结果显示,利用酚-氯仿抽提法提取的基因组DNA质量不佳,异硫氰酸胍法和试剂盒提取法的提取效果相当,PCR可以扩增出730 bp左右的核外基因细胞色素b,而核内基因只能扩增出300bp左右的核基因DNA片段(内乳铁蛋白基因,271 bp;BoLA-DRB3基因,302 bp)。综合考虑提取时间、费用、数量和质量等各方面的因素,认为异硫氰酸胍法操作简便、快速、廉价、有效,是较好的从动物深加工肉产品中提取基因组DNA的方法。     

金藻基因组DNA的提取与PCR扩增

以金藻门群体和单细胞藻类的典型代表--球形棕囊藻和绿色巴夫藻为研究对象,对金藻基因组DNA的提取方法进行了深入研究,并以psbA基因的PCR扩增结果对4种DNA提取方法进行了检测.结果显示,PVP法和高盐法安全、快速、经济,获得的基因组DNA产量高,但DNA杂质含量也较高.CTAB法虽然也具有安全、快速等优势,但提取的DNA产量较低.玻璃粉法提取的DNA质量好,产量也较高,但操作略为烦琐,经济费用高.结论:就球形棕囊藻而言,玻璃粉法是4种方法中最好的DNA提取方法.就绿色巴夫藻而言,4种方法都行,但是从经济和方便考虑,以高盐法为最好.     

一种自制DNA提取剂在微量细胞和单个囊胚上的应用

目前微量DNA的提取方法,不仅操作繁琐耗时,而且所需试剂价格昂贵。为了解决这个问题,本研究旨在开发一种快速、经济的微量DNA提取剂。用自制提取剂快速提取50个、100个、500个、5 000个、50 000个猪胎儿成纤维细胞的基因组DNA。经PCR扩增,电泳结果显示:自制提取剂可有效提取数量低至50个的猪胎儿成纤维细胞。分别采用自制提取剂、酚氯仿以及试剂盒3种方法提取猪单个囊胚基因组DNA,结果显示:酚氯仿方法提取的单个囊胚基因组DNA,经PCR扩增后,并没有检测到目的条带;而自制提取剂提取模板DNA,能直接扩增出清晰的目的条带,与试剂盒扩增效果相当。自制提取剂能够快速、有效地提取少量细胞和单个囊胚的基因组DNA,满足下游分子生物学研究需要,因此,本研究为微量样本基因组DNA提取提供帮助。     

陈旧家禽血液基因组DNA的快速提取

目的:建立一种从陈旧家禽血液中快速提取基因组DNA的方法。方法:以传统蛋白酶K法为基础进行优化。以陈旧鸡血为实验材料,新鲜抗凝鸡血为对照,经过生理盐水预处理、高浓度SDS裂解液和蛋白酶K消化、酚氯仿抽提后,对产物进行凝胶电泳检测、紫外分光光度检测和PCR扩增。结果:提取时间缩短为5～6h,所得基因组DNA纯度高、产量大,可用于后续分子生物学实验。结论:快速从陈旧家禽血液中提取DNA的方法被成功建立。     

Analysis of endophytic actinobacteria species diversity in the stem of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gynura cusimbua</Emphasis> by 16S rRNA gene clone library

Endophytic actinobacteria that lived in any associations with plant tissues represented a rather unexplored area of actinobacteria compared with soils. Gynura cusimbua was a kind of medicinal plant which had prevention effects for high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, etc. Endophytic actinobacteria of G. cusimbua might produce some secondary metabolites which had the same function as their host. Stem samples of G. cusimbua collected from Hainan Province were used to study their endophytic actinobacteria to find some new compounds. In order to avoid vast proportions of the host plant DNA in the metagenomic library, the strategies of enrichment of the microorganism cells after tissue digestion and exclusion of 16S rRNA gene derived from the plastid by digested with PvuII were used. Two sets of actinobacteria specific primers were used for targeting endophytic actinobacteria from metagenomic library. 63 positive clones of actinobacteria were selected for sequencing and constructing the phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence of 59 strains among them had higher similar to the closest type strain and belonged to Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, Curtobacterium, Okibacterium, Quadrisphaera and Kineococcus, respectively. Others were in low similarity and belonged to unclassified Micrococcineae, unclassified Intrasporangiaceae and unclassified Microbacteriaceae.     

新疆红井子盐碱土壤非培养放线菌多样性

【目的】研究新疆红井子盐碱土壤中的放线菌物种多样性。【方法】应用基于16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析的免培养方法进行放线菌物种多样性分析。利用放线菌特异性引物,以土壤样品总DNA为模板,扩增16S rRNA基因,构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,并对文库中的插入序列进行RFLP分析。【结果】随机挑选的246个阳性克隆通过酶切筛选出61个不同图谱的重组克隆并测序。分析结果显示这61个克隆序列分属于42个OTUs,分布于放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)的放线菌亚纲(Actinobacteridae)、酸微菌亚纲(Acidimicrobidae)和红色杆菌亚纲(Rubrobacteridae);该环境中有71.4%的序列与已有效发表菌株的序列相似性小于97%,代表着放线菌新类群,其中部分序列形成了几个独立的进化分支,可能代表更高级的新分类单元。【结论】红井子土壤中的放线菌组成具有丰富的多样性,并有新放线菌分类单位的潜在资源,值得进一步进行开发研究。     

艾丁湖沉积物放线菌多样性

摘要: 【目的】为了研究新疆艾丁湖低海拔、高盐环境中的放线菌多样性。【方法】本研究应用基于16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析的免培养方法和选择性分离培养方法相结合的方式对艾丁湖沉积物样品进行放线菌多样性分析。利用放线菌特异性引物扩增16S rRNA 基因并构建了16S rRNA 基因克隆文库,对文库中的插入序列进行RFLP( Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism 限制性片段长度多态性) 分析。采用不同盐浓度的9 种选择性培养基分离样品中的放线菌。【结果】通过对     

孟加拉虎粪便放线菌的分离及其多样性

【目的】建立有效分离动物粪便放线菌的方法,认识孟加拉虎粪便放线菌的多样性。【方法】从预处理、抑制剂、培养基三个方面考虑,采用平板稀释的分离方法。用细菌通用引物扩增获得放线菌菌株的16SrRNA基因,根据系统发育分析进行鉴定。【结果】孟加拉虎粪便样品中,可培养放线菌的菌落平均数量为1.10×108cfu/g(粪便湿重);对分离到的110株纯培养放线菌的16S rRNA基因部分序列分析表明:它们分布于10个科、12个属,主要是一些菌丝分化程度低的放线菌,如:Arthrobacter、Dietzia、Kocuria、Corynebacterium、Microbacterium等;产丝的放线菌主要以Streptomyces占优势,约占分离到放线菌总数的64%。【结论】干热处理粪便样品可以大大提高放线菌的出菌率;添加多种抑制剂及不含天然成分的组合培养基较适合粪便放线菌的分离;孟加拉虎粪便中可培养放线菌的多样性较丰富。本研究提供的分离动物粪便放线菌的有效方法,为动物粪便放线菌资源的研究和开发利用提供了借鉴作用。     

An assessment of actinobacterial diversity in the marine environment

The 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity within the Phylum Actinobacteria was assessed from four sources: PCR-generated V6 sequence tags derived from seawater samples, metagenomic data from the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) expedition, marine-derived sequences maintained in the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP), and select cultured strains for which sequence data is not yet available in the RDP. This meta-analysis revealed remarkable levels of phylogenetic diversity and confirms the existence of major, deeply rooted, and as of yet uncharacterized lineages within the phylum. A dramatic incongruence among cultured strains and those detected using culture-independent techniques was also revealed. Redundancy among the actinobacteria detected using culture-independent techniques suggests that greater sequence coverage or improved DNA extraction efficiencies may be required to detect the rare phylotypes that can be readily cultured from marine samples. Conversely, new strategies need to be developed for the cultivation of frequently observed but yet to be cultured marine actinobacteria.     

Variability of Actinobacteria, a minor component of rumen microflora

Actinobacteria (Actinomycetes) are a significant and interesting group of gram-positive bacteria. They are regular, though infrequent, members of the microbial life in the rumen and represent up to 3 % of total rumen bacteria; there is considerable lack of information about ecology and biology of rumen actinobacteria. During the characterization of variability of rumen treponemas using non-cultivation approach, we also noted the variability of rumen actinobacteria. By using Treponema-specific primers a specific 16S rRNA gene library was prepared from cow and sheep rumen total DNA. About 10 % of recombinant clones contained actinobacteria-like sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of 11 clones obtained showed the high variability of actinobacteria in the ruminant digestive system. While some sequences are nearly identical to known sequences of actinobacteria, we detected completely new clusters of actinobacteria-like sequences, representing probably new, as yet undiscovered, group of rumen Actinobacteria. Further research will be necessary for understanding their nature and functions in the rumen.     

Actinobacterial community and diversity in rhizosphere soils of Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec assessed by RT-PCR and PCR-DGGE

The actinobacterial community in rhizospheres of eaglewood (Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec) was analyzed using culture-independent methods of RT-PCR and PCR DGGE of 16S rRNA gene. We conducted the experiments to investigate the difference in diversity and community structure of actinobacteria with respect to sampling sites and seasons and to determine effect of plant species on selection of rhizosphere community from different sampling sites. Total genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from rhizosphere soils collected from two plantations in Phetchabun province and one plantation in each Nakhonnayok province, Rayong province and Chiang Mai province of Thailand during dry and rainy seasons. The UPGMA dendrogram generated from DGGE fingerprints showed that the actinobacterial community was separated corresponding to sampling sites, suggesting sampling sites effect. The shift in community and diversity between two seasons was detected in all sampling sites. RNA-based analyses showed that several actinobacterial groups appeared to be ubiquitous but different in metabolic activity in different environments. Species diversity (S) and simple indexes (I) indicate the increase in species diversity of actinobacteria from all sampling sites in rainy season. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained from DGGE bands revealed that 14 of 40 dominant species of actinobacteria in the rhizospheres of this plant belonged to uncultured actinobacteria. Besides the uncultured actinobacteria, Nocardioides sp., Streptomyces sp., Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus sp. and Actinoplanes sp. were indentified and frequently found more than other genera.     

海南西海岸红树林伴生植物内生放线菌多样性及其延缓衰老活性初筛

为寻找新型抗衰老药物,该文以海南西海岸红树林伴生植物为研究对象,采用9种不同培养基从7种伴生植物21份样品中分离纯化放线菌,通过PCR扩增,16S rRNA基因序列分析已纯化放线菌的多样性,利用秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)模型筛选菌株来进行延缓衰老活性研究。结果表明:(1)从7种伴生植物21份样品中共分离到26株海洋放线菌,隶属于9科15属,分别为拟诺卡菌属、短状杆菌属、短小杆菌属、Demequina、戈登氏菌属、类诺卡氏菌属、Lysinimicrobium、细杆菌属、假诺卡氏菌属、微球菌属、原小单孢菌属、拟无枝酸菌属、Yimella、北里孢菌属和链霉菌属,其中链霉菌属为优势菌属。(2)经秀丽隐杆线虫模型筛选,发现有2株海洋放线菌的发酵粗提物具有延缓秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的作用。综上结果说明海南西海岸红树林伴生植物中含有丰富多样的药用放线菌资源,为海洋放线菌抗衰老研究奠定了基础。     

澄黄滨珊瑚和丛生盔型珊瑚非培养放线菌多样性

【目的】研究澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和丛生盔型珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)联合放线菌物种多样性。【方法】实验提取两种珊瑚的总DNA,利用放线菌特异性引物对样品总DNA进行扩增,通过构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库和系统发育分析,对三亚鹿回头岸礁区优势物种澄黄滨珊瑚和丛生盔型珊瑚联合放线菌的多样性和群落结构进行研究。【结果】118个从澄黄滨珊瑚克隆文库中随机挑选的阳性克隆子归为58个OTUs,主要分布于酸微菌亚目、棒状杆菌亚目、微球菌亚目、丙酸杆菌亚目和未知类群。丛生盔型珊瑚克隆文库共获得96个序列,归为31个OTUs,主要分布于酸微菌亚目和未知的放线菌类群。多样性指数和稀疏度曲线分析结果显示澄黄滨珊瑚联合放线菌物种多样性比丛生盔型珊瑚更高。【结论】澄黄滨珊瑚和丛生盔型珊瑚拥有较高水平的放线菌物种多样性和复杂的群落结构,并隐藏着大量的高等级放线菌新分类单元。     

海南西海岸真红树内生放线菌多样性及其延缓衰老活性初筛

为了发掘红树林内生放线菌资源和进行新型海洋药物研究,该文选择海南西海岸14种真红树的根、茎、叶、花、胚轴为研究对象,采用9种不同分离培养基[改良的高氏培养基(AGG)、海藻糖-天冬酰胺培养基(M4)、海藻糖-脯氨酸培养基(M5)、改良ISP5培养基(M7)、精氨酸-天冬酰胺培养基(M9)、改良淀粉-水解酪素培养基(M10)、酪氨酸-天冬酰胺培养基(P7)、燕麦培养基(P3)、棉籽糖-组氨酸培养基(M11)],结合稀释涂布法和三线划线法从真红树组织中分离菌株,基于菌株16S rRNA基因序列信息等分子生物学鉴定方法对获得的海洋放线菌进行多样性分析,并使用模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫对所得内生放线菌的延缓衰老活性进行研究。结果表明:(1)从46份真红树组织中共获得24株放线菌,隶属于7科11属,其中9株菌株为链霉菌属(Streptomyces),且IMDGX 6270、IMDGX 6137和IMDGX 6173为3株疑似潜在新菌株。(2)秀丽隐杆线虫模型筛选发现4株放线菌(IMDGX 6157、IMDGX 6182、IMDGX 6248、IMDGX 6360)具有延缓衰老的活性,与空白组比较,生存时间分别延长17.16%、28.11%、29.05%、27.10%。综上结果说明海南西海岸区域真红树植物中可能含有较丰富的放线菌资源,能够为延缓衰老药物的研发提供新来源。