长链非编码RNA UCA1在胃癌多药耐药中的作用研究

目的:研究胃癌耐药细胞及其亲本细胞中长链非编码RNA UCA1的表达差异,探讨UCA1在胃癌多药耐药中的作用。方法:通过实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)检测胃癌耐药细胞SGC7901/ADR、SGC7901/VCR及其亲本细胞SGC7901中UCA1的表达差异;通过si RNA转染降低SGC7901/ADR中UCA1表达,MTT法检测细胞半数抑制浓度(IC50)的变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡变化。结果:QRT-PCR结果显示,UCA1在SGC7901/ADR和SGC7901/VCR胃癌耐药细胞表达显著高于SGC7901胃癌亲本细胞;MTT实验表明,干扰UCA1的SGC7901/ADR相对于阴性对照(NC)组的IC50显著降低;凋亡检测结果显示,在相同剂量化疗药物作用下,干扰UCA1后SGC7901/ADR凋亡率显著高于NC组;Western blot证实,干扰UCA1表达可显著降低BCL-2蛋白表达。结论:长链非编码RNA UCA1在胃癌耐药细胞表达显著升高,干扰UCA1表达可明显逆转胃癌耐药,UCA1可作为治疗胃癌耐药的重要分子靶标。     

基因逆转肿瘤多药耐药的研究进展

化疗在恶性肿瘤的综合治疗中占有非常重要的地位,而耐药性是严重影响肿瘤病人化疗效果及生存的主要原因之一,其中多药耐药(multi-drug resistance,MDR)最具临床意义。多药耐药是指肿瘤细胞对某一化疗药物产生耐药性后,对其他化学结构及机理不同的化疗药物也产生交叉耐药性。研究表明MDR是一个多阶段发展、多因素参与的复杂事件。逆转肿瘤多药耐药是目前肿瘤化疗的研究热点之一。近年随着基础科学研究的不断深入,基因逆转肿瘤多药耐药的研究已从分子水平上,定点、多位点阻断多药耐药基因的表达,已取得一些显著的进展。本文对肿瘤多药耐药机制以及逆转肿瘤多药耐药性的相关基因做一简要综述。     

缺氧诱导因子-1 α（HIF-1α）与卵巢癌多药耐药的关系

卵巢癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,其死亡率居妇科肿瘤之首。化疗是其重要的治疗手段,而随之产生的肿瘤细胞多药耐药成为治疗失败的主要原因。低氧是所有实体肿瘤的特征,缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)是介导细胞低氧反应最关键的核转录因子,对卵巢癌多药耐药的形成起到多方面的作用,本文就近年来以HIF-1α为靶点研究卵巢癌耐药的研究进展作一综述。     

糖代谢与肿瘤化疗靶向药物耐药关系研究进展

恶性肿瘤严重危害人类健康,其发病率和死亡率不断上升。目前临床上治疗恶性肿瘤主要以手术、放化疗和分子靶向治疗为主。近几年,抗肿瘤分子靶向治疗取得了长足进步,与传统的放化疗联合应用获得了更好的疗效。肿瘤多药耐药是临床上化疗和靶向治疗失败的最主要原因之一。产生耐药的肿瘤细胞不仅仅对已使用过的抗肿瘤药物耐药,对未曾使用过的治疗肿瘤和作用机理不同的多种药物也会产生耐药。这种肿瘤的多药耐药,往往是多种耐药蛋白参与及不同机制共同作用的结果。肿瘤细胞能量代谢依赖于糖酵解和氧化磷酸化,而有氧糖酵解是肿瘤细胞能量代谢的重要途径。我们就肿瘤细胞糖酵解调节机制与耐药的关系做简要分析和综述。     

肿瘤多药耐药分子机制研究进展

化疗是治疗恶性肿瘤主要方法之一。然而不幸的是,先天或获得性耐药尤其是多药耐药的发生,最终导致化疗失败。因此,深入探讨多药耐药发生的分子机制,寻找可以有效预测肿瘤化疗敏感性的分子标志物以及逆转多药耐药的分子靶点,是提高化疗效果的有效途径。肿瘤多药耐药分子机制错综复杂,本文主要从DNA损伤修复、ABC转运蛋白家族表达和功能异常、肿瘤干细胞、拓扑异构酶活性改变、上皮间质转分化、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶表达改变、表观遗传学修饰以及缺氧等方面对肿瘤多药耐药分子机制进行阐述。     

P-糖蛋白对结肠癌多药耐药的影响

结肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤。对术后患者以及无法采用手术治疗的患者,临床多采用化疗、放疗等综合性治疗方法。随着大量化疗药物在临床的广泛使用,结肠癌多药耐药性成为化疗失败的最主要原因。研究表明,P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein, P-gp)作为ATP结合盒(ABC)转运蛋白超家族成员之一,与多种肿瘤的多药耐药相关,其介导的多药耐药已经成为目前研究的热点。本文旨在通过对P-糖蛋白的结构、耐药机制以及逆转P-糖蛋白介导的结肠癌多药耐药新发现进行阐述,引导读者对P-糖蛋白在结肠癌多药耐药中的作用有更深入的了解。     

核酸适配体介导的多药耐药性肿瘤的治疗

化疗是目前肿瘤治疗最常见的方法。然而,肿瘤细胞的多药耐药（multidrug resistance,MDR）常导致临床化疗失败及患者的死亡。因此,干预和逆转肿瘤多药耐药,提高化疗效果,对于肿瘤的治疗具有重要的意义。核酸适配体是一种短的单链寡核苷酸,通过折叠形成特定空间结构从而与靶标特异性结合。靶向肿瘤的核酸适配体可以选择性地将治疗性物质（抗癌药物,siRNA,miRNA）和药物载体递送至肿瘤中,对肿瘤进行靶向杀伤。利用核酸适配体靶向多药耐药性肿瘤,能够特异性干预甚至逆转肿瘤的多药耐药性。本文概述了核酸适配体介导的干预与逆转肿瘤多药耐药性的研究进展。     

肿瘤多药耐药中的细胞色素P450

肿瘤化学治疗是目前抗肿瘤治疗最常用且最有效的方法,而在肿瘤化疗过程中出现的多药耐药现象,是导致治疗失败的主要原因.肿瘤多药耐药由多种机制共同作用而成,其中由酶类介导的多药耐药愈显重要.目前的研究发现,有多类细胞色素P450酶与肿瘤多药耐药的发生密切相关.本文着重对近年来有关细胞色素P450与肿瘤多药耐药的相关研究进行阐述,以期为肿瘤治疗提供一个新的方向.     

肿瘤耐药相关信号传导通路研究进展

<正>临床上,化疗在肿瘤治疗中占有重要地位,但化疗也易出现肿瘤细胞耐药现象。耐药分为原药耐药(PDR)和多药耐药(MDR),原药耐药为肿瘤细胞对已使用过的药物产生了耐药作用;而多药耐药是指肿瘤细胞在对一种化疗药物产生耐药后,出现对其他不同作用机制的药物也产生耐药。肿瘤细胞多药耐药是决定肿瘤患者化疗成功与否的关键。多药耐药已出现在多种肿瘤疾病,如乳腺癌、食管癌、鼻咽癌、     

多功能蛋白ASPP2在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

恶性肿瘤的发生发展是一个多因素、多步骤参与的复杂过程,临床上肿瘤治疗存在复发率高且易耐药等现象,寻找肿瘤易转移、易复发及耐药的干预靶点对恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗意义重大。多功能蛋白p53促凋亡刺激蛋白2 (ASPP2)是一种单倍体不足肿瘤抑制因子,自被发现以来其在肿瘤中的作用备受关注。ASPP2在多种恶性肿瘤中的表达均明显下调,且其下调水平与肿瘤晚期及不良预后相关,表明其在肿瘤发生发展中扮演重要角色。本文主要综述ASPP2在肿瘤转移、耐药和代谢等方面的研究进展,为以ASPP2为治疗靶点的研究提供理论依据。     

UCA1, a non-protein-coding RNA up-regulated in bladder carcinoma and embryo, influencing cell growth and promoting invasion

A non-protein-coding RNA, UCA1, has been cloned from human bladder TCC cell line BLZ-211 by using 5' and 3' RACE. The UCA1 full-length cDNA was 1442 bp. RT-PCR analysis indicated that UCA1 is an embryonic development and bladder cancer-associated RNA. The proliferative, migrative, invasive, and drug resistance behaviors of human bladder TCC cell line BLS-211 were enhanced by exogenous UCA1 expression in vitro. Several potential target genes of UCA1 were identified through microarray analysis. Moreover, the expression of UCA1 also increased tumorigenic potential of BLS-211 cells in nude mice. Results from the present study suggested that UCA1 might play a pivotal role in bladder cancer progression and embryonic development.     

Deregulation of UCA1 expression may be involved in the development of chemoresistance to cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer via regulating the signaling pathway of microRNA-495/NRF2

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. As a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin has been used for over 30 years in NSCLC treatment while its effects are diminished by drug resistance. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential role of UCA1 in the development of chemoresistance against cisplatin. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western-blot analysis, and immunofluorescence were used to study the involvement of UCA1, miR-495, and NRF2 in chemoresistance against cisplatin. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine the effect of cisplatin on cell proliferation. Computational analysis and luciferase assay were carried out to explore the interaction among UCA1, miR-495, and NRF2. The cisplatin-R group exhibited lower levels of UCA1 and NRF2 expression but a higher level of miR-495 expression than the cisplatin-S group. The growth rate and half-maximal inhibitory concentration of cellular dipeptidyl peptidase (cisplatinum) of the cisplatin-R group were much higher than those in the cisplatin-S group. MiR-495 contained a complementary binding site of UCA1, and the luciferase activity of wild-type UCA1 was significantly reduced after the transfection of miR-495 mimics. MiR-495 directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of NRF2, and the luciferase activity of wild-type NRF2 3′-UTR was evidently inhibited by miR-495 mimics. Finally, UCA1 and NRF2 expressions in the effective group were much lower than that in the ineffective group, along with a much higher level of miR-495 expression. We suggested for the first time that high expression of UCA1 contributed to the development of chemoresistance to cisplatin through the UCA1/miR-495/NRF2 signaling pathway.     

Studies on low-level MDR cells

Acquired or spontaneous resistance is a major clinical problem in the treatment of cancer. Low levels of MDR gene expression or P-glycoprotein have been correlated with a high level of drug resistance in vitro and a poor response to chemotherapy in some tumors. A strong correlation between MDR mRNA, P-glycoprotein levels and degree of drug resistance has not been found in several resistant model tumor cell lines. In some cell lines at low and high level of resistance different mechanisms seem to be involved.     

Modulation of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells by Liposome Encapsulated Doxorubicin

Abstract

A major problem in the chemotherapy of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies is the intrinsic as well as acquired cross resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, this type of multidrug resistance has been related to a gene, MDR1, and its gene product, p-glycoprotein, which functions as the efflux pump, prevents accumulation of drugs and alters their cytotoxicity. Many drug-resistant human tumors express the MDR1 gene and MDR1 RNA levels are elevated in many cancers that have not responded to chemotherapy. The same persistent observation has been made in recurrent tumors who have responded initially to chemotherapy.

Doxorubicin is one of the most important anticancer agent having significant single agent activity in a variety of cancer types and is now the cornerstone of some widely used combination regimens. Despite the clinical effectiveness of the drug, doxorubicin resistance that arises in malignant cells following repeated courses of treatment is the major problem in the clinical management of neoplastic diseases. Recently, extensive studies have demonstrated that liposome encapsulated doxorubicin effectively modulates the multidrug resistance phenotype in cancer cells by altering the function of p-glycoprotein. This modulation of MDR phenotype by liposomes has been demonstrated in vitro in human breast cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, human promyelocytic leukemia cells and in human colon cancer cells and in vivo in transgenic mice transfected with a functional MDR1 gene. It appears liposomes can play an effective role as a new modality of treatment for human cancers which have become refractory to chemotherapy. An exciting area of research which soon will emerge will exploit the different binding sites on p-glycoprotein by using combination of liposomes with other pharmacological modulators of MDR to impart maximal overcoming of multidrug resistance in cancer patients.     

DNA损伤诱导的长链非编码RNA-UCA1促进HeLa细胞增殖

尿路上皮癌抗原1 (UCA1)是一种长链非编码RNA,在多种肿瘤内高表达.然而,其在宫颈癌细胞和组织中的表达报告颇不一致,且功能尚未确定.本文探索UCA1在宫颈癌HeLa细胞中的生物学功能.实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）结果显示,UCA1、p21和p53 mRNA在阿霉素（doxorubicin,DOX）或γ射线照射的HeLa细胞中表达上调|相反,敲减p53表达则可抑制DOX诱导的UCA1上调.表明DNA损伤诱导的UCA1可能与p53有关.转染结合CCK8检测HeLa细胞增殖活力结果显示,与对照比较,过表达UCA1促进HeLa细胞增殖,干扰UCA1表达则减缓细胞增殖.此外,流式细胞术结果显示,过表达UCA1导致阿霉素诱导的凋亡率下降;siRNA抑制UCA1表达后引起细胞G2/M期比例上升,S期下降,且阿霉素诱导的细胞凋亡率上升.上述结果说明,DNA损伤诱导的UCA1可促进HeLa细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡.然而,是否DNA损伤诱导的UCA1上调依赖p53尚需进一步实验证明.     

UCA1及其剪接变异体与膀胱癌

尿路上皮癌胚抗原1 (urothelial carcinoma antigen 1,UCA1) 在人膀胱移行细胞癌细胞系 BLZ-211 中包含3个剪接变异体：UCA1、UCA1a 和 UCA1b. 我们以往的研究表明, UCA1、UCA1a 均属于长非编码 RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA),它们之间具有一段长 1 265 bp 的共同序列. 组织表达谱分析表明,它们具有相似的组织表达模式,提示它们可能与胚胎发育和膀胱癌发生发展密切相关. 异位表达UCA1基因、UCA1a 基因均可以促进人膀胱癌细胞生长,增强细胞的恶性表型,使其体外增殖、迁移、侵袭、抗凋亡能力明显增加,裸鼠致瘤能力明显增强,表明它们在膀胱癌的发生发展中均起到了重要的促进作用. 本文将从基因结构、组织表达谱及机制功能等不同角度系统地阐述UCA1基因及其剪接变异体在膀胱癌中的研究现状与进展.     

The mechanism of cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer

Cisplatin and its analogues have been most frequently used for treatment of human cancer including ovarian cancer. Most advanced ovarian cancer which was fatal before introduction of cisplatin have become to be treated for cure by combination chemotherapy containing cisplatin and its analogues. Thus, combination chemotherapy containing cisplatin and carboplatin have become a standard chemotherapy for treatment of ovarian cancer. Initially, platinum-based combination chemotherapy is associated with a 60-70% clinical response rate. However, the overall 5-year survival rate for advanced ovarian cancer patients is still around 20-30%. This low survival rate is due to the fact that some primary tumors and most recurrent tumors develop drug resistance that leads to treatment failure. Thus, overcoming drug resistance is the key to successful treatment of ovarian cancer. The mechanism of cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer is multifactorial, and accumulation of multiple genetic changes may lead to the drug-resistant phenotype. In this review, we report several genetic factors conferring cisplatin-resistance which have been elucidated in our laboratory.