核酸适配体介导的多药耐药性肿瘤的治疗

化疗是目前肿瘤治疗最常见的方法。然而，肿瘤细胞的多药耐药（multidrug resistance,MDR）常导致临床化疗失败及患者的死亡。因此，干预和逆转肿瘤多药耐药，提高化疗效果，对于肿瘤的治疗具有重要的意义。核酸适配体是一种短的单链寡核苷酸，通过折叠形成特定空间结构从而与靶标特异性结合。靶向肿瘤的核酸适配体可以选择性地将治疗性物质（抗癌药物，siRNA，miRNA）和药物载体递送至肿瘤中，对肿瘤进行靶向杀伤。利用核酸适配体靶向多药耐药性肿瘤，能够特异性干预甚至逆转肿瘤的多药耐药性。本文概述了核酸适配体介导的干预与逆转肿瘤多药耐药性的研究进展。

Treatment of Multi-drug Resistant Tumors Mediated by Nucleic Acid Aptamer

Chemotherapy is the most common method of tumor therapy. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle to the success of chemotherapy. Therefore, the strategy to overcome tumor MDR can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and has become an important target for the treatment of tumors. Aptamers are short, single stranded oligonucleotides and can form specific structures to bind to targets with high specificity. Aptamers that target MDR cancer-associated receptors can selectively deliver therapeutic cargo (anticancer drugs, siRNAs, miRNAs) and drug-carriers to the intratumoral compartment to kill tumor cells. By using aptamers to target multidrug resistance-related tumors, the multidrug resistance of tumors is intervened or reversed. The progress of nucleic acid adapter-mediated intervention and reversal of multi-drug resistance in tumors are summarized.